Question 1

Risk assessments must involve ________.&#10;A) statistical measurements&#10;B) proving that something will never do any harm to anyone&#10;C) assuring proper use of all new techniques developed&#10;D) minimal input from all parties involved with the project&#10;E) None of these choices

Accepted Answer

Risk assessments involve using statistical measurements to determine the likelihood and severity of potential risks. Proving that something will never do harm is impossible, assuring proper use of new techniques is important but not the primary focus of a risk assessment, and minimal input from all parties involved is not sufficient for a thorough assessment.

Question 2

Bt transgenic crops are designed to ________.&#10;A) improve the nutritional value of crops&#10;B) make crops heat-resistant&#10;C) make crops cold-resistant&#10;D) increase vitamin B content&#10;E) provide resistance to insects

Accepted Answer

Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic crops are genetically modified plants that are engineered to produce a protein from the Bt bacterium that is toxic to certain insect pests. This provides a built-in resistance to insects and reduces the need for synthetic pesticides.

Question 3

Studies, such as clinical trials, that are completely randomized so that neither the physicians nor the patients know who is receiving an experimental drug are called ________.&#10;A) placebo studies&#10;B) homeopathic medicine&#10;C) regenerative medicine&#10;D) double-blind trials&#10;E) None of these choices

Accepted Answer

Double-blind trials are completely randomized studies where neither the physicians nor the patients know who is receiving an experimental drug. Placebo studies involve giving some patients a placebo, while others receive the experimental drug. Homeopathic medicine is a type of alternative medicine, and regenerative medicine involves using stem cells or other techniques to repair damaged tissues or organs.

Question 4

Cloning of an entire organism is known as ________.&#10;A) gene cloning&#10;B) genomics&#10;C) regenerative medicine&#10;D) reproductive cloning&#10;E) rherapeutic cloning

Accepted Answer

Cloning of an entire organism is known as reproductive cloning. The other options are not specific to the cloning of an entire organism. Gene cloning involves the replication of a specific gene. Genomics is the study of genetic material at a larger scale. Regenerative medicine involves using stem cells to replace damaged tissue in a patient. Therapeutic cloning is the cloning of specific cells or tissues for medical purposes.

Question 5

A utilitarian approach to a bioethical issue would ________.&#10;A) focus on absolute principles of &#34;right&#34; or &#34;wrong&#34;&#10;B) emphasize intentions, not outcomes of the decision&#10;C) be designed to produce the greatest positive effect for the greatest number of people&#10;D) always ensure that all actions are favorable for all parties&#10;E) never allow the end result of a decision to justify the means

Accepted Answer

A utilitarian approach to a bioethical issue would focus on producing the greatest positive effect for the greatest number of people. This approach considers the outcomes and consequences of a decision rather than absolute principles of "right" or "wrong," and may not ensure favorable outcomes for all parties involved. The emphasis is on maximizing overall benefit and minimizing harm.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the use of genetically modified foods in the United States is INCORRECT?&#10;A) Bt crops are not intended for human consumption.&#10;B) All GM foods for consumer use must be labeled as such.&#10;C) Not all GM crops involve transgenic plants.&#10;D) DNA tests can be used to identify many GM plants.&#10;E) All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Currently, there is no federal requirement for GM foods to be labeled, although some states have passed laws mandating such labeling. A proposed federal law that would require GM labeling did not pass Congress in 2016.

Question 7

Understanding the risks in participating in a clinical trial and agreeing to participate is known as ________.&#10;A) the placebo effect&#10;B) the drug affect&#10;C) informed consent&#10;D) drug-drug interaction&#10;E) a double-blind study

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is the process of fully understanding the risks and benefits of participating in a clinical trial and giving voluntary consent to participate. The placebo effect refers to the perceived benefits of a treatment even if it is a placebo. The drug effect refers to the actual effects of a drug. Drug-drug interaction refers to the way drugs can interact with each other in the body. A double-blind study is a research design in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows which group is receiving the treatment or placebo.

Question 8

In clinical trials, control groups of individuals who receive a safe but noneffective treatment instead of the drug being studied are being given ________.&#10;A) stem cells&#10;B) a placebo&#10;C) a double-blind trial&#10;D) efficacy&#10;E) None of these choices

Accepted Answer

Control groups in clinical trials are typically given a placebo, which is a harmless substance that resembles the drug being tested but does not contain the active ingredient. This allows researchers to compare the effects of the actual drug to the effects of the placebo to determine whether the drug is actually effective.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true about regenerative medicine?&#10;A) Stem cells are involved.&#10;B) Repair of damaged tissues takes place.&#10;C) Ethical debates have happened around regenerative medicine.&#10;D) There are no U.S. companies working on regenerative medicine.&#10;E) Regenerative medicine has made progress in bladder and kidney treatments.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true as there are several U.S. companies working on regenerative medicine, such as Geron Corporation, Advanced Cell Technology, and Regenerative Medicine Foundation.

Question 10

Cloning an embryo to derive stem cells for the treatment of disease is known as ________.&#10;A) gene cloning&#10;B) genomics&#10;C) regenerative medicine&#10;D) reproductive cloning&#10;E) therapeutic cloning

Accepted Answer

Cloning an embryo to derive stem cells for the treatment of disease is known as therapeutic cloning.

Deck 13: Ethics and Biotechnology