Deck 4: An Introduction to Crime Typologies

Question 1

Which factor is crucial to negligent homicide?

A) intention to cause harm
B) neglect of a child
C) use of a weapon
D) reckless behavior or inaction

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Research on justifiable homicide found that police more frequently committed their justified homicides __________, while citizens more frequently committed justifiable homicides __________

A) by using firearms; by using bodily strength
B) by using bodily strength; by using firearms
C) in response to burglaries and larcenies; responding to attacks
D) responding to attacks; in response to burglaries and larcenies

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Homicide, assault, and robbery are types of

A) violent crime
B) crime typologies
C) predator statutes
D) organized corruptions

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement is TRUE about serial killers?

A) Serial killers commit a high proportion of the total number of murders each year
B) Experts agree that there are no universal causes of these serial killer behaviors
C) Public fascination with serial killers has steadily decreased since the case of the Gainesville Ripper.
D) They typically kill a large number of victims at once.

Question 5

Rejected, incompetent, and resentful are types of

A) serial killers
B) stalkers
C) mass murderers
D) rapists

Question 6

Aggressive policing, changes in drug market activity, and an improved economy are all factors that may explain

A) a drop in violent offending since the 1990s.
B) the steady increase in homicide rates since the 1990s
C) an explosion in incarceration rates since 1990
D) the decrease in sexual assaults on college campuses since 1990

Question 7

Occupational crime is done to benefit the __________, while corporate crime benefits the__________.

A) corporation, worker
B) worker, corporation
C) community, system
D) system, community

Question 8

Killings that are intentional but in response to some form of provocation or perceived provocation are referred to as

A) involuntary manslaughter
B) voluntary manslaughter
C) negligent homicide
D) felony homicide

Question 9

In all states, the most severe first homicide penalty is

A) manslaughter
B) negligent homicide
C) first degree
D) second degree

Question 10

Which statement is true of murder and all U.S. states?

A) All states require that premeditation involves careful planning.
B) In all states, penalties for first-degree murder are more severe than penalties for second-degree murder.
C) All states divide murder into four categories.
D) In all states, murder must involve premeditation and intention.

Question 11

In 2000, Christopher was convicted of killing his parents. Legal scholars would say that Porco committed

A) genocide
B) infanticide
C) filicide
D) parricide

Question 12

Once a murder case enters the justice system, the classification of the murder may change according to

A) involvement of the victim's family members.
B) whether the murder was harmful to another.
C) decisions made by justice officials.
D) the location of the crime.

Question 13

Research indicates that the type of violence occurring regularly in U.S. schools is

A) stalking
B) school shootings
C) sexual assault
D) bullying

Question 14

According to common law, the attempt or threat to inflict harm on another is called __________, whereas the actual completed assault is called __________

A) assault, battery
B) battery, assault
C) violence, rape
D) rape, violence

Question 15

Which factor distinguishes a spree killing from a mass murder?

A) Spree killings involve at least ten victims.
B) Spree killings are perpetrated by mentally disordered offenders.
C) Spree killings are spread over multiple locations.
D) Spree killings involve the taking of a trophy or souvenir by the killer.

Question 16

Research by Roberts and his colleagues found that offenders who commit ___________ are LEAST likely to reoffend

A) homicides related to domestic violence
B) homicides precipitated by an altercation or argument
C) homicide committed during the commission of a felony
D) homicides after an accident

Question 17

According to Michael Johnson, systematic male violence that occurs in a family over time is called

A) patriarchal terrorism
B) common couple violence
C) the cycle of violence
D) battered woman syndrome

Question 18

Homicide rates have __________ since 1993.

A) remained significantly
B) dropped significantly
C) steadily increased
D) decreased and then rapidly increased

Question 19

Which spree murder prompted universities across the U.S. to revise their notification and security processes?

A) The killings at the University of Florida
B) The killings at Colorado State
C) The killings at the University of Maryland
D) The killings at Virginia Tech

Question 20

According to Lenore Walker's cycle of violence, at which stage does the first episode of abuse typically occur?

A) the honeymoon stage
B) the tension building stage
C) the third stage
D) the fourth stage

Question 21

Which crime would have been arson under common law?

A) setting fire to one's own home
B) setting fire to a vacant home
C) setting fire to a neighbor's home
D) setting fire to an empty barn

Question 22

Which type of motor vehicle theft typically results in higher penalties for offenders?

A) Professional car theft
B) Carjacking
C) Victim-absent car thefts
D) Joyriding

Question 23

Which is the common law definition of sexual assault?

A) A man having carnal knowledge through force
B) A man having carnal knowledge of another man or woman through force
C) A man having carnal knowledge with a woman through force to whom he was not married
D) A man or woman having carnal knowledge of a woman who is not his or her wife

Question 24

The __________ gang is lasting and is involved in more conflict.

A) diffuse
B) solidified
C) conventional
D) criminal

Question 25

Which factor was NOT a type of opportunity of burglary found by Cromwell?

A) The burglar just happened to be in the right spot at the right time.
B) The site was a location that the burglar had actually visited as part of a legitimate role.
C) The offender identified particular cues about a home that made it attractive for a burglary.
D) The victims were acquainted with the burglar.

Question 26

Which phrase describes a typical child sexual abuser?

A) active priest
B) sadistic psychopath
C) father figure
D) respected educator

Question 27

Stella was raped by her husband in 1962. Although Stella reported the rape to local police, her husband was never convicted of the crime. Which of the following is the most likely reason why Stella's husband was not convicted of rape?

A) Stella and her husband lived in a rural town where violent sex crimes were acceptable.
B) Stella's husband probably didn't use force to rape his wife.
C) Stella probably consented to the rape.
D) Men were not prohibited from raping their wives in 1962.

Question 28

Petty larceny is typically a __________, whereas grand larceny is typically a __________.

A) misdemeanor, felony
B) felony, misdemeanor
C) robbery, property crime
D) property crime, robbery

Question 29

Which substance is most often implicated in date rapes?

A) GHB
B) Marijuana
C) Alcohol
D) Cocaine

Question 30

Morgan and Nicole are both in fourth grade. For the past three months, Nicole has been teasing and ridiculing Morgan in math class, on the school bus, and on the playground. Morgan is most likely experiencing

A) stalking
B) bullying
C) discrimination
D) school violence

Question 31

Most experts contend that rape is more about __________ and less about __________

A) attraction, power
B) sexual desire, sexual needs
C) uncontrollable urges, love
D) control, sexual behavior

Question 32

Why is robbery defined as a violent crime?

A) It involves the taking away of another person's property
B) Force or threat of force is used
C) The victim is always harmed during the crime
D) It is an invasion of private space

Question 33

All of the following are TRUE of motor vehicle theft EXCEPT

A) most motor vehicle thefts occur at night
B) victim injuries are rare
C) most are reported to the police
D) it is one of the most violent crimes

Question 34

Which type of gang is short-lived and has very little focus and purpose?

A) the diffuse gang
B) the solidified gang
C) the conventional gang
D) the criminal gang

Question 35

Date rape is in many ways synonymous with __________ rape.

A) acquaintance
B) spousal
C) masochistic
D) serial

Question 36

Carjacking occurs more often in __________ areas than in __________ areas.

A) rural, urban
B) urban, rural
C) high poverty, affluent
D) affluent, high poverty

Question 37

Darya has an arrangement in which she buys a bulk of handbags and resells them for low cost on the streets of Brooklyn. Darya is probably a(n) __________ who buys the goods from a(n) __________ shoplifter.

A) Kleptomaniac, juvenile
B) addict, homeless
C) amateur, kleptomaniac
D) fence, professional

Question 38

Prostitution is legal in a few counties in Nevada as long as the services occur in a

A) moving vehicle
B) massage parlor
C) licensed brothel
D) public location

Question 39

Which of the following is most likely a robbery?

A) An offender breaks into a home on Tuesday afternoon and steals jewelry and a computer.
B) An offender breaks into a fast food restaurant in the middle of the night and steals money from the cash box.
C) An offender grabs someone outside of an ATM, threatens her with a knife, and demands money.
D) An offender who steals a purse and tablet from an unlocked vehicle in the mall parking lot.

Question 40

Sofia was recently transferred to Oak Hill Elementary where she is expected to walk through a metal detector and have her bags inspected. Oak Hill has done this in order to

A) intimidate students
B) meet state mandates
C) encourage parental involvement
D) prevent school violence

Question 41

Domestic violence, spouse abuse, and partner violence are synonyms for child abuse.

Question 42

Plagiarism is an example of a crime in the __________ system.

Question 43

The majority of white-collar crimes are processed through the civil or __________ justice systems.

Question 44

The cases of Martha Stewart and Bernie Madoff are classified as Layer __________ of the wedding cake model.

Question 45

Harry was arrested for soliciting a prostitute and has been ordered to attend a program that educates him on the health consequences and negative impact of prostitution on women and girls. Harry is attending

A) John school
B) escort program
C) drug treatment
D) domestic violence court

Question 46

All forms of spousal abuse are physical.

Question 47

Which term is most important to Edwin Sutherland's definition of white-collar crime?

A) workplace
B) illegality
C) gangs
D) shoes

Question 48

Arson is the fastest growing crime in the United States.

Question 49

Among juveniles, research suggests that gang members have lower rates of delinquency than non-gang members.

Question 50

Larceny theft is the most common Part I crime reported to the police.

Question 51

Which illustrates a concern with decriminalizing public order crimes?

A) More time, effort, and resources will be spent on addressing serious crimes.
B) Focus will be on morals rather than on actual harm.
C) Communities will perceive these crimes as unacceptable, which will drain resources.
D) Minor crimes and minor signs of disorder will lead to more serious crime and more serious disorder.

Question 52

States have changed their laws to reflect that both men and women can be victims of rape.

Question 53

It is not illegal to hate people, but it is illegal to victimize people because of that hatred.

Question 54

Professional street robbers target their victims in order to send a moralistic message.

Question 55

Identity theft is not a legal crime.

Question 56

Threat of force is enough to define a theft as a robbery.

Question 57

Criminal sentences given to white-collar crime do not appear to be more lenient than those given to property offenders with similar criminal histories.

Question 58

The bulk of crimes that come to the attention of authorities are property crimes.

Question 59

Shopping centers, parking lots, car dealerships, bars, and movie theatres are examples of __________ for motor vehicle theft.

Question 60

Dean Dabney's classification of assault refers to nonsexual violent crimes.

Question 61

Frederick Thrasher is the father of __________ research.

Question 62

Legal scholars refer to the __________ to reflect laws that stipulate that all individuals can be convicted of a murder if the murder occurred during the commission of a felony

Question 63

The __________ rapist does not necessarily want to harm the victim, but wants to possess the victim sexually.

Question 64

Identify three motives for arson.

Question 65

Price fixing is an example of a type of corporate crime called __________ offenses.

Question 66

Identify and briefly describe three types of rapists.

Question 67

Identity theft is perpetrated through other crimes. List two of these crimes.

Question 68

Why is the distinction between grand larceny and petty larceny significant?

Question 69

The bulk of crimes that come to the attention of criminal justice authorities are __________crimes.

Question 70

The vast majority of robberies are conducted by ___________ offenders.

Question 71

What is the "culture of bullying" that exists in some schools?

Question 72

Homicide rates have __________ significantly since 1993.

Question 73

Define gang according to Frederick Thrasher.

Question 74

Describe the three features of colleges and university that may contribute to sexual assault on college campuses.

Question 75

Corporate crime and occupational crime are categories of __________ crime.

Question 76

Why is it important to distinguish between two types of violence that occur in families?

Question 77

Boys who experience abuse are more prone to become __________, while girls who experience abuse are more likely to be partner abuse victims.

Question 78

Corporations have been described as collections of __________ people.

Question 79

How do child sex offenders typically silence their victims?

Question 80

The label __________ refers to a class of crimes that appear to be victimless, but are classified as crimes because of the belief that they harm the public order one way or other.