Deck 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice

Question 1

Easy accessibility and representative age are reasons that college students

A) rarely change majors.
B) should focus on national policy decisions
C) make good research subjects
D) benefit from the criminal justice process

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the wedding cake model of justice, the decision to classify the seriousness of cases is best described as a(n) _____________ process.

A) lengthy
B) celebrated
C) unproductive
D) informal

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which model of the justice process emphasizes efficiency and finality?

A) wedding cake model
B) due process model
C) social theory model
D) crime control model

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following must happen in order for the field of criminal justice to grow?

A) Current college students must become excited about the discipline.
B) Graduate students must choose to enter law school
C) The crime rate must continue to increase at a steady rate
D) Diversity in the United States must decline

Question 5

What is one advantage of joining the names of criminal justice and criminology?

A) It acknowledges that they are the same discipline
B) It offers a balanced approach while recognizing the importance of both areas
C) It recognizes the importance of psychiatry to the study of crime.
D) It provides more opportunity for research in local law enforcement settings.

Question 6

The glue that connects the criminal justice system's components together is

A) punishment
B) equality
C) personal responsibility
D) criminal law

Question 7

At the appeals stage, the ___________ must decide _______________

A) jury, a defendant's guilt or innocence.
B) Supreme Court, a defendant's competence at the time the crime was committed.
C) appellate court, whether to hear the appeal or whether to reject the appeal without a hearing.
D) judge, whether there is probable cause to convict or reasonable doubt to release.

Question 8

According to Samuel Walker's wedding cake model, which case would most likely be categorized as a layer three case?

A) A 30-year-old single mother who is charged with killing her daughter in the social media trial of the century.
B) A 48-year-old male who is on probation for stealing a tablet from his co-worker's briefcase.
C) A 26-year-old male who is convicted of a felony after assaulting a stranger with a deadly weapon in a bar fight.
D) A 19-year-old female who receives a fine for speeding in a school zone

Question 9

Ben is a criminal justice major who was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol one month before graduation. What result will this have on his criminal justice career?

A) Ben will be asked to leave the university and therefore will not get his degree.
B) Ben will be forced to change majors, because there is a federal policy banning criminal justice majors from having an arrest record.
C) Ben will get his degree but will not be allowed to become a criminal justice practitioner.
D) The answer depends on which college Ben is at, because colleges have various policies on these situations.

Question 10

Which factor has the most significant impact on how a case is processed in the criminal justice system?

A) the arresting officer
B) the feelings of the judge
C) the seriousness of the offense
D) the gender of the offender

Question 11

Which example supports the conclusion that the juvenile justice system is theoretically different from the adult criminal justice system?

A) After witnessing his 8-year-old neighbor steal a Hershey bar from the convenience store, Officer Green reprimanded the child and brought him home to his mother. Later that week, Officer Green arrested a 36-year-old woman for shoplifting at the same store.
B) Tara was recently placed in a residential treatment facility in New York following a suicide attempt at her high school. Tara's twin brother Lucas is in a Virginia residential treatment facility for behavioral problems.
C) Jack Brown and Joe Green are both police officers; however, Officer Brown is a juvenile officer, while Office Green has received special training as an adult officer.
D) Adam hit his classmates at age 5, stole at age 8, set fires at age 12, and was incarcerated for aggravated assault at age 26.

Question 12

Which type of violent victimization targets female students more frequently than males?

A) arson
B) sexual assault
C) robbery
D) simple assault

Question 13

Criminal justice focuses on ___________; whereas criminology focuses on _____________.

A) understanding crime, the justice process
B) research, clinical practice
C) the justice process, understanding crime
D) clinical practice, research

Question 14

The crime control model is to a(n) __________________ as the due process model is to a(n) ___________________.

A) assembly line, obstacle course
B) wedding cake, birthday cake
C) obstacle course, assembly line
D) birthday cake, wedding cake

Question 15

Which procedure is typically conducted during the arraignment stage of the criminal justice process?

A) fingerprinting
B) formal notification of charges
C) supervision in community by a parole officer
D) sentencing

Question 16

What is the overarching goal of the criminal justice system?

A) punishment
B) public safety
C) proportional representation
D) parity

Question 17

All of the following are roles that students have relevant to the criminal justice process except:

A) research subject
B) offender
C) future researcher
D) nurturer

Question 18

Research examining victimization experiences between 1995 and 2002 suggests that, compared to nonstudents, male students have _____________ violent victimization rates, and females students have _____________ violent victimization rates.

A) similar, lower
B) lower, similar
C) higher, lower
D) lower, similar

Question 19

The Casey Anthony case is an example of the

A) first layer of the wedding cake model
B) theoretical difference between the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.
C) inconsistency in training and competency between police officers in the juvenile system and those in the adult system
D) unique stages of juvenile delinquency

Question 20

When police begin to arrest more offenders for drunk driving, more offenders will be sent to the courts, which in turn have implication for the corrections system. This illustrates the ________________ nature of the three components of criminal justice

A) interdependent
B) bipolar
C) cyclical
D) ineffectual

Question 21

What do justice studies; crime, law, and society; criminal justice; and criminology programs all have in common?

A) They were all historically used as pseudonyms for criminal justice
B) They were all practitioner-based programs
C) They all recognize the need to understand the criminal justice progress
D) They were all subsets of a larger criminal justice system

Question 22

Which sentence would be automatically appealed?

A) probation
B) a civil fine
C) incarceration
D) the death penalty

Question 23

The text presents a case in which three college students were found responsible for sexual assault and harassment of a student on spring break. What was the penalty for these offenses?

A) The perpetrators were each fined $500.00
B) The perpetrators were banned from criminal justice classes and could not leave campus on weekends
C) The perpetrators were not allowed to walk at graduation, and they were to be expelled after their graduation
D) The perpetrators were sentenced to a combined 55-year prison sentence

Question 24

Jack was arrested by Officer Wheeler for disorderly conduct. In this scenario, the responsibilities of the justice system are carried out by

A) the courts
B) the police
C) Officer Wheeler
D) Jack

Question 25

Why is parsimony especially difficult in the field of criminal justice?

A) because ethical neutrality is problematic given the nature of the field
B) because it is often difficult for researchers to disregard their values when studying controversial issues
C) because it is often impossible to requestion prior findings in criminal justice research
D) because simple explanations of crime are not easily established

Question 26

Which statement summarizes how scholars perceive criminology and criminal justice?

A) Most scholars consider themselves criminologists
B) Scholars from both areas seem to appreciate the need to understand both areas
C) Most clinicians prefer to identify themselves as criminal justice experts, while most researchers consider themselves criminologists
D) There is ongoing and contentious debate among scholars about how each term should be defined.

Question 27

Which criminal justice role involves making decisions as part of a formal effort to control human behavior?

A) criminal justice as an academic discipline
B) criminal justice as a collection of individuals
C) criminal justice as a force in college students' lives
D) criminal justice as a setting for controversial issues

Question 28

Criminal justice is best viewed as a

A) group of policies and procedures designed to provide consequences for unacceptable behavior
B) process of formal behavioral control
C) collection of individuals charged with making decisions as part of a formal effort to control human behavior
D) research endeavor conducted by trained scientists

Question 29

All of the following are central to ethical decision making except:

A) carefully considering multiple options
B) assessing the consequences of each option
C) determining the causes of crime
D) deciding the appropriateness of each option

Question 30

Researchers who allow their values to influence the research endeavor are violating the principle of

A) parsimony
B) determinism c skepticism
D) objectivity

Question 31

Individuals sentenced to a year or more of incarceration are sent to __________, while individuals sentenced to less than a year of incarceration are sent to __________.

A) prison, jail
B) jail, prison
C) probation, parole
D) parole, probation

Question 32

Most decisions in the criminal justice process are made by

A) professionals and those outside the system
B) prison administrators and inmates
C) offenders and victims
D) police officers and law makers

Question 33

What do the cases of Weldon Angelos, Clayton Lockett, and the three college students found responsible for sexual assault all have in common?

A) They were all victims of controversial university policies that must be changed
B) They were all victims of botched lethal injections
C) They were all affected by irrational judges
D) They all illustrate blurred lines between right and wrong in the criminal justice system

Question 34

Kim Park is a licensed psychologist who studies the behavior of criminals. Dr. Park would best be described as a

A) solicitor
B) criminal justice administrator
C) forensic psychologist
D) criminologist

Question 35

The modern emergence of criminal justice can be traced to President

A) Roosevelt
B) Kennedy
C) Johnson
D) Carter

Question 36

What was the significance of The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society to the field of criminal justice?

A) It mandated that every state offer a certified training program in criminal justice.
B) It required licensure for all professionals working in the criminal justice system.
C) It emphasized the importance of addressing the crime problem through criminal justice education and research
D) It outlined and defined the scientific principles central to the science of criminal justice.

Question 37

What was the result of the Weldon Angelos case?

A) He was pardoned by President Obama
B) He was executed using a controversial lethal injection
C) He is on probation for sexually assaulting a college student
D) He is serving a 55-year prison sentence

Question 38

A college institutional review board that reviews proposals involving prisoners supports the scientific principle of

A) subjective parity
B) ethical neutrality
C) determinism
D) parsimony

Question 39

Kerri is a 38-year-old corrections officer who entered the field immediately after high school and did not obtain a college degree. She is feeling burnt out and is considering changing jobs; however, she enjoys the field of criminal justice. Kerri is considering going to college but is self-conscious about her age. If you were Kerri's friend, what advice would you give her?

A) Encourage Kerri to hang in there and not give in to her feelings, because burnout is temporary.
B) Advise Kerri that pursuing a degree would allow her to advance in the field, and reassure her that nontraditional college students have much to add to the classroom.
C) Remind Kerri that she is lucky to have the job with her lack of degree, and inform her that she has good benefits with a good retirement package.
D) Explain to Kerri that most colleges don't admit nontraditional students, and review the research findings that show she'll have plenty of opportunity if she works hard enough.

Question 40

Which term closely associated with the crime control model?

A) fairness
B) civil rights
C) sensationalism
D) deterrence

Question 41

Research shows that the better the education students receive, the more satisfied they will be with their careers later in their life course.

Question 42

It is acceptable for a researcher's own ethical beliefs to guide his or her research efforts if he or she has been a victim of crime.

Question 43

A defense attorney who ensures that her case is easily understood by the jury is an example of a criminal justice professional guided by the concept of parsimony.

Question 44

The authors of the text use a __________ approach to understanding criminal justice issues.

A) controversial
B) balanced
C) felonious
D) primary

Question 45

The majority of crimes are at layer one of the wedding cake model.

Question 46

Past victims of crime are usually discouraged from pursuing a career in criminal justice.

Question 47

The three main components of the criminal justice system are the police, courts, and __________.

Question 48

Criminal justice professionals who question and requestion whether specific policies are appropriate in the criminal justice process are practicing the principle of skepticism.

Question 49

The Casey Anthony murder trial brought much-needed attention to the fact that most murder victims are young children

Question 50

Once one has adequate education and training, most issues in criminal justice will seem straightforward and clear-cut.

Question 51

Compared to other academic disciplines, criminal justice has a short history.

Question 52

Which of the following statements most closely describes the due process model of criminal justice?

A) Criminal defendants are presumed guilty, and the courts should not stand in the way of effective enforcement of the laws.
B) Criminal defendants are presumed guilty, and crime is seen as a result of social influences such as poverty and unemployment.
C) Criminal defendants are presumed innocent, and the courts' first priority is protecting the constitutional rights of the accused.

Question 53

If the appellate court agrees to hear a case, it means the defendant will have a new trial in front of the appellate court.

Question 54

The scientific principle of determinism dictates that researchers must develop simple explanations for the topics they study.

Question 55

Research suggests that both male and female college students experience higher rates of violent victimization than nonstudents.

Question 56

If a defendant pleads not guilty at the arraignment, the case proceeds to trial.

Question 57

President's Lyndon Johnson's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice called for the education of criminal justice professionals and improved criminal justice research efforts.

Question 58

Typically, the flow of the juvenile justice process is similar to that of the adult justice process.

Question 59

Which answer choice correctly matches the individual with his significant contribution to criminal justice?

A) President Lyndon Johnson: the Office for Violence Against Women
B) August Vollmer:: the wedding cake model
C) Herbert Packer: the crime control Model
D) James Finkenhauer: the first school of criminology

Question 60

Which statement is true of a grand jury?

A) The purpose of the grand jury hearing is to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the case should proceed to trial.
B) The purpose of the grand jury hearing is to determine the appropriate sanction for those convicted of a crime.
C) The purpose of the grand jury hearing is to determine whether an offender has sufficiently completed his or her sanction.
D) The purpose of the grand jury hearing is to determine whether a crime was committed, who is suspected of committing the crime, whether an arrest is warranted, and when an arrest should occur.

Question 61

Specific __________ have rules and guidelines stipulating how cases will be processed through the justice system.

Question 62

Compared to criminal justice programs in the 1970s, programs in the 1980s focused more on __________ criminal justice professionals.

Question 63

The criminal justice system can be viewed as a living system. Briefly describe this living system.

Question 64

Briefly describe how the theory of the juvenile justice system differs from the reality.

Question 65

According to Samuel Walker, cases at the __________ layer receive the most attention from the media.

Question 66

Name one decision college students make that is relevant to criminal justice.

Question 67

A written statement describing the charges and evidence of a case is called a(n) __________.

Question 68

Clayton Lockett's death was directly caused by __________.

Question 69

Why don't most cases go to trial?

Question 70

Incarceration, probation, and restitution are examples of __________.

Question 71

Briefly state the overall purpose of the police, the courts, and corrections.

Question 72

The three main components of the criminal justice system are best described as __________ of the broader system.

Question 73

The glue that connects the components of the criminal justice system is __________ law.

Question 74

In the investigation stage, police focus on whether a crime was committed, who is suspected of committing the crime, and whether a(n) __________ is warranted.

Question 75

__________ is the father of American policing.

Question 76

How do the police, the courts, and the corrections subsystem guide the behavior of all individuals operating in the criminal justice system?

Question 77

In a criminal trial, the prosecution is expected to prove __________ that the defendant committed the offense he or she is charged with.

Question 78

The __________ model of criminal justice presumes that a person is innocent.

Question 79

Hans has been arrested for sexual assault. It will likely take less evidence to __________ him of the crime.

Question 80

The first School of Criminology was created in the year __________ at the University of California at Berkeley.