Deck 15: Current and Future Criminal Justice Issues

Question 1

Which of the following is a criticism of background check policies?

A) Most gun owners have a felony record.
B) Criminals don't buy their guns legally.
C) Background checks are too time consuming and expensive.
D) The policies violate the Constitution.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which country has one of the lowest victimization rates in the world?

A) Northern Ireland
B) Columbia
C) Sierra Leone
D) Japan

Answer 2

D

Question 3

After reviewing dozens of studies on gun/violence policies, Sherman concluded that what works is

A) pulling levers practices and penalty enhancement policies.
B) Operation Exile and Project Ceasefire.
C) sales restriction and possession policies.
D) hot spot law enforcement and background checks.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which type of offender gains access illegally to computer databases for the purpose of sabotage?

A) Hacker
B) Stalker
C) Cracker
D) Tracker

Question 5

How are older offenders usually protected in prison?

A) Electronic monitoring
B) Solitary confinement
C) 1:1 supervision
D) Segregation

Question 6

All of the following are reasons criminologists have ignored elder abuse in their research EXCEPT

A) older persons have the lowest crime rate of any age group.
B) most find the topic unimportant to society.
C) problems are vaguely defined.
D) samples are difficult to find.

Question 7

Which terrorism incident is an example of right- and left-wing extremism?

A) The Boston Marathon Bombing
B) The bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building
C) The video beheadings carried out by ISIS
D) The killing of abortion doctor George Tiller

Question 8

Why do policies based on penalty enhancement ideals generally receive public support?

A) They are used as a tool for racial discrimination.
B) They are endorsed by the National Rifle Association.
C) They have been shown to reduce the teen suicide rate.
D) They don't target the average gun owner.

Question 9

Which type of policy is typically a pulling-levers practice?

A) Background checks
B) Penalty enhancement
C) Possession
D) Civil commitment

Question 10

All of the following are True of the Patriot Act EXCEPT

A) It was created to track terrorism incidents across the world and over time.
B) It permitted indefinite detention of terrorism suspects.
C) It allowed unprecedented access to financial records of individuals/businesses suspected of terrorism.
D) It legalized the use of wiretaps without court orders in these cases.

Question 11

Research suggests that policies controlling the availability of guns should reduce the likelihood of

A) teen violence.
B) injuries from firearms.
C) gang-related crime.
D) sudden deaths.

Question 12

Lisa has been living with and caring for her mother, Kay for the past year. Kay has late-stage Alzheimer's disease. She is in a wheelchair and cannot transfer without Lisa's help. Last week, Lisa decided she needed a break and took a vacation out of town, leaving her mother at home with no assistance. Which type of crime has Lisa perpetrated?

A) Physical abuse
B) Intentional neglect
C) Financial abuse
D) Emotional abuse

Question 13

The fact that alcohol consumption is illegal in Saudi Arabia supports the concept that

A) crime is the same throughout most middle eastern countries.
B) definitions of crime vary across countries.
C) different countries have different responses to crime.
D) various countries have the same risk factors for crime.

Question 14

According to the FBI, premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents is

A) trafficking.
B) international trafficking.
C) domestic terrorism.
D) terrorism.

Question 15

What is the most serious form of computer crime?

A) Internet crimes
B) Unauthorized access
C) Cyber terrorism
D) Virus introduction

Question 16

What is the concern with placing older adult offenders in nursing homes?

A) They are at greater risk for sexual abuse.
B) They typically have more acute medical needs.
C) Other vulnerable residents may be at risk.
D) Staff is not trained in criminal justice issues.

Question 17

Between 1993 and 2011, 70 to 80 percent of homicides were committed using

A) drugs.
B) knives.
C) vehicles.
D) handguns.

Question 18

According to the FBI's 2012 Internet Crime Complaint Center annual report, computer crimes cost more than __________ dollars that year.

A) 289,000
B) 500,000
C) 3 million
D) 525 million

Question 19

Which individual is most likely to experience physical aggression at the hands of his caregiver?

A) Mike, a 78-year-old father of three who has accumulated wealth throughout life.
B) Bob, a 65-year-old stroke patient who lives in a skilled nursing facility.
C) Tim, a 70-year-old widow who has multiple sclerosis.
D) Jack, an 88-year-old former engineer who has Alzheimer's disease.

Question 20

All of the following programs are based on penalty enhancement ideals EXCEPT

A) SAFE Act.
B) Project Exile.
C) Operation Ceasefire.
D) Project Ceasefire.

Question 21

The Islamic State is a left-wing terrorist group that carries out executions, extortion, and crucifixions.

Question 22

Problems such as traffic congestion, vandalism, and high rates of disorderly conduct are associated with

A) the legalization of marijuana.
B) evidence-based policies.
C) open-air drug dealing.
D) domestic terrorism.

Question 23

Which of the following is a common argument against the legalization of drugs?

A) Drug laws are biased.
B) The war on drugs creates crime.
C) The war on drugs costs too much.
D) Drug use is tied to crime.

Question 24

The Boston Marathon Bombing is an example of international terrorism.

Question 25

Policies that are supported by empirical research are referred to as

A) anecdotal.
B) penalty enhancement
C) evidence-based.
D) pulling-levers

Question 26

Chen makes referrals to dealers in exchange for cash. Which type of drug employee is Chen?

A) Steerer
B) Look out
C) Holder
D) Tout

Question 27

Twenty years ago, all of the text's authors predicted that a Department of Homeland Security would be created to focus on various crimes including terrorism.

Question 28

Which of the following is an outcome of Colorado's legalization of the recreational use of marijuana?

A) There has been a proliferation of privately-owned drug treatment programs targeting marijuana users.
B) Both violent crimes and property crimes have increased dramatically.
C) More young adults are trying other "harder" drugs such as cocaine and heroin.
D) The state now has a large tax revenue from the legal sale of the drug.

Question 29

Criminologist Robert Bohm's 1993 presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences urged scholars to

A) influence policy.
B) conduct research.
C) become technocrats.
D) understand diversity.

Question 30

Most criminal justice scholars agree that

A) drugs cause crime.
B) crime causes drugs.
C) crime is synonymous with drugs.
D) drugs and crime are related.

Question 31

The U.S. Patriot Act permitted the use of wiretaps without court orders for terrorism suspects.

Question 32

Terrorists who threaten harm in an effort to create terror are engaging in

A) cyber terrorism.
B) psychological terrorism.
C) hostage taking.
D) bioterrorism.

Question 33

In his address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Todd Clear asserted that criminal justice legislation is lacking

A) input from criminal justice experts.
B) adequate funding to implement programs.
C) victims' voices and feedback.
D) political support.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is supported by the research on the war on drugs?

A) The number of crimes related to drug use has decreased dramatically.
B) The number of treatment programs available to drug abusers has increased dramatically.
C) The number of violent crimes caused by drug trafficking has decreased dramatically.
D) The number of drug arrests has increased dramatically.

Question 35

Theft, counterfeiting, and copyright violations are types of

A) virus introduction.
B) unauthorized access.
C) cyber terrorism.
D) software crimes.

Question 36

The vast majority of terrorist incidents occurring in the U.S. involve international terrorism.

Question 37

Which of the following is a prediction made by the authors of the text?

A) Most drugs will be legalized throughout the United States.
B) Issues related to terrorism will dwindle and eventually die down.
C) The number of older offenders will increase.
D) Gun violence will decrease.

Question 38

Research suggests that heavier drug users are more likely than non-users to be involved in __________ offenses.

A) property
B) criminal
C) sexual
D) violent

Question 39

Evidence suggests that cyber-crime is

A) overstated.
B) underreported.
C) rampant.
D) incidental.

Question 40

Treatment programs that include individual therapy for sex offenders are usually not implemented because they are

A) expensive.
B) dangerous.
C) ineffective.
D) punitive.

Question 41

Throughout the history of the discipline, criminal justice researchers and criminologists have been instrumental in helping to determine the efficacy of criminal justice policies.

Question 42

Human __________ refers to offenses where individuals are moved into particular areas without their consent.

Question 43

Internet crimes refer to a range of offenses where the offender uses the __________ to perpetrate their offenses.

Question 44

In 2014, Colorado and New York legalized the recreational use of marijuana.

Question 45

Historically, older adult abuse cases have been primarily attributed to __________ strain.

Question 46

The goal of terrorists is to create __________ terror in a broader group of individuals.

Question 47

Some older jail inmates are placed on __________ with electronic monitoring under the premise that the offenders are better off in the community.

Question 48

Most criminal justice experts believe that drugs cause crime.

Question 49

Compared to self-report surveys, official statistics report a higher victimization rate for older adults.

Question 50

California was the first state to pass laws covering computer crimes.

Question 51

The Islamic State in Iraq is an example of a(n) __________ terrorist group.

Question 52

Different countries have different __________ of law violations.

Question 53

Gun violence decreased by 39 percent between 1993 and 2011.

Question 54

In cases of cyber fraud, the computer is a __________ used in the commission of the crime.

Question 55

Opponents of drug legalization argue that drug laws are biased against the poor and minorities.

Question 56

The United States has the __________ incarceration rate in the world.

Question 57

Voyeurism is an example of a type of sexual abuse perpetrated against older adults.

Question 58

Empirical research can single-handedly change criminal justice policies.

Question 59

We now live in a __________ world that encourages us to look beyond our borders in order to understand human behavior

Question 60

The war on drugs has reduced the number of crimes related to drugs in the U.S.

Question 61

Research has shown that heavier drug users are more likely than nonusers to be involved in __________ offenses.

Question 62

Briefly describe one prediction that the authors make about the future of criminal justice.

Question 63

Briefly describe three ways the criminal justice system will be affected by the increasing aging population.

Question 64

Identify and briefly describe one type of severe human trafficking.

Question 65

Neglect refers to situations where individuals who have a __________ duty to provide care fail to do so.

Question 66

Which three predictions would you make about the criminal justice system 20 years from now?

Question 67

Discuss how the war on drugs has impacted the criminal justice system.

Question 68

Evidence-based policy refers to one that is supported by __________ research.

Question 69

What was Michael Fay's punishment when he was convicted of vandalism in Singapore?

Question 70

By the 1980s, the federal government officially declared its __________ with a series of laws that greatly stiffened the penalties for various drug offenses.

Question 71

How does recognizing the similarities and differences between crimes and criminal justice responses across the globe affect the criminal justice system in the U.S.?

Question 72

Pulling-levers practices often involve the implementation of __________ policies.

Question 73

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of legalizing drugs in the United States. What is your opinion on whether drugs should be legalized?

Question 74

Identify three ways the computer may be used in cybercrime.

Question 75

How long have criminal justice researchers and criminologists been instrumental in evidence-based policy?

Question 76

Which two factors often join together to restrain policy making?

Question 77

Define pulling-levers policies and provide an example of one intervention program that implemented this policy. How was the program implemented and what is the interpretation of the program's success?

Question 78

Which factor of the illegal drug business is similar to a legitimate business?

Question 79

Identify one difference between domestic terrorism and international terrorism.