Deck 8: Issues in Policing

Question 1

What is the proper order of conducting searches incident to arrest?

A) arrest, search, waiver of rights
B) search, arrest, probable cause
C) probable cause, arrest, search incident to arrest
D) waiver of rights, search, arrest

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement most accurately reflects research on women and policing in the United States?

A) The proportion of female officers has steadily increased since 1972.
B) While women often perform their duties differently than male officers, there is no difference between men and women in job performance.
C) Smaller, rural towns tend to hire more female police officers and more females as civilian workers.
D) Men are generally more capable of manual police-related tasks, whereas women excel at more relationship-oriented duties.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which type of search does not pertain to the Fourth Amendment?

A) consent search
B) inventory search
C) plain-view search
D) search dealing with exigent circumstances

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Political, economic, social, and technological influences on the police are considered __________ issues.

A) internal
B) terminal
C) external
D) temporary

Question 5

What is the common factor in all legal warrantless searches?

A) reasonable suspicion
B) danger to the community
C) probable cause
D) consent

Question 6

What is the most extreme method of dealing with economic austerity in a police department?

A) sharing services and resources
B) reorganizing internally
C) consolidation
D) seeking external funds

Question 7

The majority of ethnoracial minority police officers in the United States are

A) Asian American.
B) Hispanic/Latino.
C) Native American.
D) Black/African American.

Question 8

Which amendment provides for the "right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures?"

A) The First Amendment
B) The Fourth Amendment
C) The Fifth Amendment
D) The Sixth Amendment

Question 9

Which of the following is consistent with contingency theory?

A) Since the 9/11 attacks, police need funding to prevent, prepare, and recover from terrorist attacks.
B) Most police funding today should be used to train police about excessive force issues.
C) Police departments should chase after grant funding whether or not they really want to implement whatever the grant is actually for.
D) Racial and gender disparities in the police force are primarily caused by the police subculture.

Question 10

Which type of warrantless search is allowed because the individual waives Fourth Amendment rights?

A) automobile
B) consent
C) plain-view
D) searches incident to arrest

Question 11

When do Miranda rights first become necessary?

A) at the time of arraignment
B) when there is probable cause for arrest
C) when a person is taken into custody
D) at sentencing

Question 12

A temporary detention that allows the police to conduct a pat-down for public safety and to identify an individual is referred to as a(n)

A) Terry stop.
B) inventory search.
C) suspect interrogation.
D) administrative search.

Question 13

Officer Lee visits his child's middle school and sees marijuana on the seat of a car parked in the school's parking lot. Is this a legal plain-view search?

A) yes, because Officer Lee was on public property
B) yes, because Officer Lee had probable cause to conduct the search
C) no, because Officer Lee was in a public place
D) no, because Officer Lee had to move an item to view the marijuana

Question 14

Warrantless searches are to __________ as stop and frisk is to __________.

A) traffic violation, illegal substance
B) illegal substance, traffic violation
C) reasonable suspicion, probable cause
D) probable cause, reasonable suspicion

Question 15

Which event or law is an issue of federalism?

A) the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri
B) the legalization of the sale of marijuana in Colorado
C) a city ordinance that prevents young kids from congregating near tourist attractions
D) a law requiring background checks for the purchase of guns

Question 16

Stop and frisk is to __________ as Miranda rights are to __________.

A) Terry v. Ohio, Miranda v. Arizona
B) Marbury v. Madison, Tinker v. Des Moines
C) Plessy v. Ferguson, Gibbons v. Ogden
D) Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainwright

Question 17

The majority of cases that involve the police typically pertain to the __________Amendment.

A) Second
B) Fourth
C) Sixth
D) Eighth

Question 18

Which type of warrantless search came about during Prohibition?

A) plain-view search
B) automobile search
C) search incident to arrest
D) search dealing with exigent circumstances

Question 19

Under which category of exigent circumstances may a warrant be authorized because the evidence could be easily and quickly destroyed?

A) evanescent evidence
B) hot pursuit
C) escape
D) danger to others

Question 20

Budget cuts and grant funding opportunities are considered __________ and __________ police influences.

A) external, political
B) internal, political
C) external, economic
D) internal, social

Question 21

Steve has been an internal affairs investigator for about 15 years. Before working for internal affairs, Steve was likely a

A) college student.
B) police officer.
C) citizen reviewer.
D) foreign correspondent.

Question 22

Which statement accurately summarizes the research on individual variables and police discretion?

A) Young, white officers are more likely to make arrests than older minority officers.
B) Young, female officers are less likely to make arrests than older male officers.
C) Older officers are more likely to arrest younger offenders.
D) Older, female officers are more likely to arrest younger male offenders.

Question 23

In order for the police to conduct a search, they must have reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed.

Question 24

Which factor is common to most police officers?

A) the right to use force
B) a stressful family life
C) a college degree
D) the ability to distinguish right from wrong

Question 25

In order to maintain the blue wall, police officers must maintain

A) secrecy among each other.
B) a code of silence.
C) trust
D) distrust of everyone else

Question 26

Which of the following factors is unique to the policing profession?

A) power
B) solidarity
C) unconditional acceptance
D) use of force

Question 27

Which police use of technology violates our civil rights?

A) the use of street-corner callboxes to relay information to police officers in the field
B) the use of drone cameras to search for criminal activity on the ground
C) the use of police department crime labs for criminal investigations
D) the use of social media to find new victims of child sex abuse

Question 28

One of the strongest predictors of whether officers will take juveniles into custody is

A) demeanor of the juvenile.
B) parental involvement.
C) age of the juvenile.
D) gender of the police officer.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of police providing community service activities to juveniles?

A) Officer Dunne works with child protective services to ensure that 10-year-old Makayla is safely removed from her parents.
B) Officer Dunne contacts Brandon's parents after Brandon is caught defacing a community center.
C) Officer Dunne coordinates a fundraiser to help raise money for victims of a local fire.
D) Officer Dunne visits Hillside School every Friday to provide drug and alcohol resistance education to the sixth grade class.

Question 30

Police officers have clear guidelines that help them determine whether or not a search for evidence can occur without a warrant.

Question 31

The highest level of force that police are authorized to use is

A) deadly force.
B) verbal commands.
C) a baton.
D) a firearm.

Question 32

The Fifth Amendment provides for the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Question 33

Which 1960s shift broadened the jurisdiction of the police over juveniles?

A) the civil rights movement
B) recognition of child abuse
C) Vietnam War protests
D) the walk on the moon

Question 34

The acronym PEST stands for police, economic, social, and technological.

Question 35

The flexibility the police have in making decisions is called

A) discretion.
B) the blue wall.
C) the code of silence.
D) solidarity.

Question 36

All of the following concerns are problems associated with citizen review boards except

A) they are expensive
B) they conduct their own investigations
C) they're not supported by police officers
D) they are duplicative

Question 37

What was one of the first adaptations of technology to criminal investigation?

A) GPS tracking systems
B) the telephone
C) two-way radios
D) the polygraph

Question 38

Police are least likely to arrest the suspect when

A) they themselves initiate the call.
B) the victim is hostile toward the suspect.
C) the suspect is hostile.
D) they are summoned to a call.

Question 39

Order maintenance and coercion are concepts related to

A) solidarity.
B) control of territory.
C) dangers of working the street.
D) use of force.

Question 40

Police officers do not necessarily share the same level of __________ danger, but they all share __________ danger.

A) real, the potential for
B) potential, the fear of
C) physical, psychological
D) unintentional, violent

Question 41

Allegations of police misconduct are typically investigated by the department's internal affairs unit.

Question 42

Prior to the early 1900s, juvenile suspects were handled very differently than adult suspects were handled.

Question 43

Police officers use coercion and __________ to maintain control of their beats.

Question 44

Police officers in the United States use deadly force on a frequent basis.

Question 45

Technology is an inherently good influence on society.

Question 46

External, internal, organizational, and operational are types of __________ common in policing.

Question 47

Ernesto Miranda was arrested for the kidnapping and rape of a girl.

Question 48

Policing continues to be a male-dominated profession.

Question 49

Research shows that the __________ of juveniles is one of the strongest predictors of whether officers will take them into custody.

Question 50

The flexibility the police have in making decisions is called __________.

Question 51

A police officer who fixes his friend's speeding ticket is engaging in a category of misconduct called __________.

Question 52

In order for the police to conduct a search, the __________ says they must have probable cause.

Question 53

The police subculture is an example of an external pressure on police.

Question 54

The alternative to the rotten apple theory of police misconduct is __________theory.

Question 55

The need for funding in order to help police departments prepare, prevent, and recover from terrorist attacks is an example of contingency theory.

Question 56

The Supreme Court's decision in Terry v. Ohio (1968) resulted in police being allowed to stop and frisk individuals if there was reasonable suspicion.

Question 57

Technology is a(n) __________ creation.

Question 58

Police departments are sometimes involved in lobbying the local or state government as a means of providing more funds.

Question 59

The suspect, the victim, and witnesses are the __________ variables that affect police discretion.

Question 60

Research suggests that Black officers are more likely to treat __________ suspects more severely.

Question 61

In the majority of cities in the United States, the police chief is appointed by the __________.

Question 62

Explain the role of discretion in a police officer's duties. Include the four categories of police discretion.

Question 63

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that Ernesto Miranda's __________ could not be used in a court of law.

Question 64

In your own words, briefly interpret the key aspect of the Fifth Amendment.

Question 65

Compare and contrast probable cause and reasonable suspicion.

Question 66

Provide an example of federalism.

Question 67

Explain the two key factors about police procedures that were addressed by the Miranda decision.

Question 68

A law that bans panhandling in tourist areas of a city is an example of a __________ ordinance.

Question 69

A __________ stop is a temporary detention that allows the police to conduct a pat-down for public safety and to identify an individual.

Question 70

Situations that are typically emergencies or very unusual incidents are known as __________ circumstances.

Question 71

Discuss the history of technology in criminal investigations. Explain how both police officers and criminals use technology to their advantage. Provide one example of how police may abuse technology.

Question 72

The authorized use of force is unique to the policing profession. Describe the process involved in deciding how much force to use. Which type of force is at the highest level, and how frequently is this used?

Question 73

Give an example of civilianization and multitasking. To which type of influence do these terms pertain?

Question 74

Briefly describe the Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Miranda v. Arizona.

Question 75

List the three categories of exigent circumstances.