Deck 5: What-If Analysis for Linear Programming

Question 1

Changing the objective function coefficients may or may not change the optimal solution, but it will always change the value of the objective function.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

An optimal solution is only optimal with respect to a particular mathematical model that provides only a representation of the actual problem.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If the optimal solution will remain the same over a wide range of values for a particular coefficient in the objective function, then management will want to take special care to narrow this estimate down.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Every change in the value of an objective function coefficient will lead to a changed optimal solution.

Question 5

When certain parameters of a model represent managerial policy decisions, what-if analysis provides information about what the impact would be of altering these policy decisions.

Question 6

The allowable range gives ranges of values for the objective function coefficients within which the values of the decision variables are optimal.

Question 7

If the change to a right-hand side is within the allowable range, the solution will remain the same.

Question 8

Shadow price analysis is widely used to help management find the best trade-off between costs and benefits for a problem.

Question 9

According to the 100% rule for simultaneous changes in objective function coefficients, if the sum of the percentage changes exceeds 100%, the optimal solution definitely will change.

Question 10

Whenever proportional changes are made to all the unit profits in a problem, the optimal solution will remain the same.

Question 11

When a change in the value of an objective function coefficient remains within the allowable range, the optimal solution will also remain the same.

Question 12

A shadow price tells how much a decision variable can be increased or decreased without changing the value of the solution.

Question 13

The term "allowable range for an objective function coefficient" refers to a constraint's right-hand side quantity.

Question 14

The term "allowable range for the right-hand-side" refers to coefficients of the objective function.

Question 15

It is usually quite easy to find the needed data for a linear programming study.

Question 16

The purpose of a linear programming study is to help guide management's final decision by providing insights.

Question 17

When maximizing profit in a linear programming problem, the allowable increase and allowable decrease columns in the sensitivity report make it possible to find the range over which the profitability does not change.

Question 18

A shadow price indicates how much the optimal value of the objective function will increase per unit increase in the right-hand side of a constraint.

Question 19

If the change to a right-hand side is within the allowable range, the value of the shadow price remains valid.

Question 20

The allowable range for an objective function coefficient assumes that the original estimates for all the other coefficients are completely accurate so that this is the only one whose true value may differ from its original estimate.

Question 21

Managerial decisions regarding right-hand sides are often interrelated and so frequently are considered simultaneously.

Question 22

If a change is made in only one of the objective function coefficients:

A) the slope of the objective function line always will change.
B) the optimal solution always will change.
C) one or more of the decision variables always will change.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 23

What-if analysis can:
I) be done graphically for problems with two decision variables.
II) reduce a manager's confidence in the model that has been formulated.
III) increase a manager's confidence in the model that has been formulated.

A) I only.
B) II only.
C) III only.
D) All of the these.
E) I and III only.

Question 24

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
What is the allowable range for the right-hand-side for Resource C?

A) 18 ? RHSc ? ?
B) ? ? RHSc ? 62
C) ?2 ?RHSc ? ?
D) ? ? ? RHSc ? 40
E) 0 ? RHSc ? 22

Question 25

A parameter analysis report can be used to easily investigate the changes in any number of data cells.

Question 26

In a problem with 4 decision variables, the 100% rule indicates that each objective coefficient can be safely increased by what amount without invalidating the current optimal solution?

A) 25%.
B) 25% of the allowable increase of that coefficient.
C) 100%.
D) 25% of the range of optimality.
E) It can't be determined from the information given.

Question 27

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficient for Activity 3 in the objective function changes to $30, then the objective function value:

A) will increase by $70.
B) is $0.
C) will increase by $30.
D) will remain the same.
E) will increase by an unknown amount.

Question 28

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficient for Activity 1 in the objective function changes to $40, then the objective function value:

A) will increase by $77.80.
B) will increase by $23.
C) will increase by $30.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 29

A parameter analysis report can only be used to investigate changes in a single data cell at a time.

Question 30

variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
What is the optimal objective function value for this problem?

A) It cannot be determined from the given information.
B) $7.78
C) $240
D) $90
E) $330

Question 31

If the sum of the percentage changes of the right-hand sides does not exceed 100%, then the solution will definitely remain optimal.

Question 32

Which of the following are benefits of what-if analysis?

A) It pinpoints the sensitive parameters of the model.
B) It gives the new optimal solution if conditions change.
C) It tells management what policy decisions to make.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 33

In linear programming, what-if analysis is associated with determining the effect of changing:
I) objective function coefficients.
II) right-hand side values of constraints.
III) decision variable values.

A) objective function coefficients and right-hand side values of constraints.
B) right-hand side values of constraints and decision variable values.
C) objective function coefficients, right-hand side values of constraints, and decision variable values.
D) objective function coefficients and decision variable values.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 34

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
What is the allowable range for the objective coefficient for Activity 2?

A) ?10 ? A2 ? 50
B) ?44 ? A2 ? 16
C) ?4 ? A2 ? 56
D) 30 ? A2 ? 90
E) 20 ? A2 ? 80

Question 35

When a change occurs in the right-hand side values of one of the constraints, a proportional change will occur in one of the coefficients of the objective function.

Question 36

If the right-hand side value of a constraint in a two variable linear programming problems is changed, then:

A) the optimal measure of performance may change.
B) a parallel shift must be made in the graph of that constraint.
C) the optimal values for one or more of the decision variables may change.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 37

What-if analysis:

A) may involve changes in the objective function coefficients.
B) requires that only one parameter change while the rest are held fixed.
C) may involve changes in the right-hand side values.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 38

When even a small change in the value of a coefficient in the objective function can change the optimal solution, the coefficient is called:

A) optimal.
B) sensitive.
C) out of the range.
D) within the range.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 39

A shadow price reflects which of the following in a maximization problem?

A) The marginal cost of adding additional resources.
B) The marginal gain in the objective value realized by adding one unit of a resource.
C) The marginal loss in the objective value realized by adding one unit of a resource.
D) The marginal gain in the objective value realized by subtracting one unit of a resource.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 40

A parameter analysis report re-solves the problem for a range of values of a data cell.

Question 41

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficient for Activity 2 in the objective function changes to $400, then the objective function value:

A) will increase by $7,500.
B) will increase by $2,750.
C) will increase by $100.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 42

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficient for Activity 1 in the objective function changes to $50, then the objective function value:

A) will decrease by $450.
B) is $0.
C) will decrease by $2750.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 43

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource B changes to 10, then:

A) the original solution remains optimal.
B) the problem must be resolved to find the optimal solution.
C) the shadow price is valid.
D) the shadow price is not valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 44

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
Which parameter is most sensitive to an increase in its value?

A) The objective coefficient of Activity 1.
B) The objective coefficient of Activity 2.
C) The objective coefficient of Activity 3.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 45

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
What is the allowable range of the right-hand-side for Resource A?

A) -? ? RHSA ? 60
B) 0 ? RHSA ? 110
C) -? ? RHSA ? 110
D) 110 ? RHSA ? 1600
E) 0 ? RHSA ? 160

Question 46

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource C changes to 130, then:

A) the original solution remains optimal.
B) the problem must be resolved to find the optimal solution.
C) the shadow price is valid.
D) the shadow price is not valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 47

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
What is the allowable range for the objective function coefficient for Activity 3?

A) 150 ? A3 ? ?
B) 0 ? A3 ? 650
C) 0 ? A3 ? 250
D) 400 ? A3 ? ?
E) 300 ? A3 ? 500

Question 48

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource B changes to 80, then the objective function value:

A) will decrease by $750.
B) will decrease by $1,500.
C) will decrease by $2,250.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 49

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficient of Activity 1 in the objective function changes to $10, then:

A) the original solution remains optimal.
B) the problem must be resolved to find the optimal solution.
C) the shadow price is valid.
D) the shadow price is not valid.
E) None of the above.

Question 50

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficient of Activity 2 in the objective function changes to $100, then:

A) the original solution remains optimal.
B) the problem must be resolved to find the optimal solution.
C) the shadow price is valid.
D) the shadow price is not valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 51

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource A changes to 10, then the objective function value:

A) will decrease by $12.50.
B) will decrease by $125.
C) will decrease by $77.80.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 52

A parameter analysis report can be used to investigate the changes in how many data cells at a time?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) All of the these.
E) 1 or 2.

Question 53

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the objective coefficients of Activity 2 and Activity 3 are both decreased by $100, then:

A) the optimal solution remains the same.
B) the optimal solution may or may not remain the same.
C) the optimal solution will change.
D) the shadow prices are valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 54

The allowable range for an objective function coefficient indicates

A) The prices a firm is allowed to charge for its product.
B) The largest error in estimating objective coefficients that will not affect the optimal solution.
C) The amount of each resource available for use.
D) The shadow price of each resource.
E) The price a firm would be willing to obtain more of a resource.

Question 55

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource C is increased by 40, and the right-hand side of Resource B is decreased by 20, then:

A) the optimal solution remains the same.
B) the optimal solution will change.
C) the shadow price is valid.
D) the shadow price may or may not be not valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 56

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource B changes to 10, then the objective function value:

A) will decrease by $120.
B) will decrease by $60.
C) will decrease by $20.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 57

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource C changes to 140, then the objective function value:

A) will increase by $137.50.
B) will increase by $57.50.
C) will increase by $80.
D) will remain the same.
E) can only be discovered by resolving the problem.

Question 58

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the coefficients of Activity 1 and Activity 2 in the objective function are both increased by $10, then:

A) the optimal solution remains the same.
B) the optimal solution may or may not remain the same.
C) the optimal solution will change.
D) the shadow prices are valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 59

Variable cells
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Objective } \\\text { Coefficient }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{B} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 1 } & 0 & 425 & 500 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 425 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{C} \$ 6 & \text { Activity 2 } & 27.5 & 0.0 & 300 & 500 & 300 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{D} \$ & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & 250 & 400 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Benefit A } & 110 & 0 & 60 & 50 & 1 \mathrm{E}+3 \mathrm{C} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Benefit B } & 110 & 75 & 110 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 46 \\\hline \$\mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Benefit C } & 137.5 & 0 & 80 & 57.5 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 \\\hline\end{array}$
What is the optimal objective function value for this problem?

A) It cannot be determined from the given information.
B) 1,200
C) 975
D) 8,250
E) 500

Question 60

Variable cells
$$\begin{array} { | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | } \hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Reduced } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Objective } \\\text { Codficient }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Allowuble } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \text { \$B\$6 } & \text { Activity 1 } & 3 & 0 & 30 & 23 & 17 \\\hline \text { \$C\$6 } & \text { Activity 2 } & 6 & 0 & 40 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \text { \$D\$6 } & \text { Activity 3 } & 0 & - 7 & 20 & 7 & 1 \mathrm { E } + 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Constraints
$\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Cell } & \text { Name } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Final } \\\text { Value }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Shadow } \\\text { Price }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Constraint } \\\text { R.H. Side }\end{array} & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Increase }\end{array}} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Allowable } \\\text { Decrease }\end{array} \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 2 & \text { Resource A } & 20 & 7.78 & 20 & 10 & 12.5 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 3 & \text { Resource B } & 30 & 6 & 30 & 50 & 10 \\\hline \$ \mathrm{E} \$ 4 & \text { Resource C } & 18 & \mathrm{0} & 40 & 1 \mathrm{E}+30 & 22\\\hline\end{array}$
If the right-hand side of Resource B is increased by 30, and the right-hand side of Resource C is decreased by 10, then:

A) the optimal solution remains the same.
B) the optimal solution will change.
C) the shadow prices are valid.
D) the shadow prices may or may not be valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 61

Note: This question requires access to Solver.
In the following linear programming problem, what is the allowable increase for the objective function coefficient for variable x?
$\begin{array} { l l } \text { Maximize } P = 3 x + 15 y \\\text { subject to } & 2 x + 4 y \leq 12 \\& 5 x + 2 y \leq 10 \\\text { and } \quad x \geq 0 , y \geq 0\end{array}$

A) 3
B) 4.5
C) 9
D) 15
E) ? (infinity)

Question 62

When conducting robust optimization
I) Use the maximum value of each objective function coefficient for a maximization problem.
II) Use the minimum value of each objective function coefficient for a maximization problem.
III) Use the maximum value of each objective function coefficient for a minimization problem.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) II and III only

Question 63

One approach to robust optimization is to modify the original optimization problem by

A) Assigning average values to each uncertain parameter.
B) Assigning conservative values to each uncertain parameter.
C) Assigning optimistic values to each uncertain parameter.
D) Assigning random values to each uncertain parameter.
E) Assigning precise values to each uncertain parameter.

Question 64

Resource B has right-hand side allowable decrease of 50. Resource C has right-hand side allowable decrease of 100. If the right-hand side of Resource B decreases by 30 and the right-hand side of Resource C decreases by 40, then

A) the original solution remains optimal.
B) the problem must be resolved to find the optimal solution.
C) the shadow prices remain valid.
D) the shadow prices do not remain valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 65

To determine if an increase in an objective function coefficient will lead to a change in final values for decision variables, an analyst can do which of the following?
I) Compare the increase in the objective function coefficient to the allowable decrease.
II) Compare the increase in the objective function coefficient to the allowable increase.
III) Rerun the optimization to see if the final values change.

A) I only.
B) II only.
C) III only.
D) I and III only.
E) II and III only.

Question 66

Chance constraints are an available option in
I. Graphical linear programming.
II. The Solver tool included with Excel.
III. Analytic Solver.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and III only
E) I, II, and III

Question 67

Note: This question requires access to Solver.
In the following linear programming problem, what is the allowable increase in the right-hand side of the first constraint?
$\begin{array} { l l } \text { Maximize } P = 3 x + 15 y \\\text { subject to } & 2 x + 4 y \leq 12 \\& 5 x + 2 y \leq 10 \\\text { and } \quad x \geq 0 , y \geq 0\end{array}$

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 15
E) ? (infinity)

Question 68

Activity 1 has an objective function coefficient allowable increase of 30. Activity 2 has an objective function coefficient allowable increase of 60. If both activities objective function coefficient increases by 20, what will happen to the final values in the optimal solution?

A) The optimal solution remains the same.
B) The optimal solution may or may not remain the same.
C) The optimal solution will change.
D) The shadow prices are valid.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 69

Note: This question requires access to Solver.
In the following linear programming problem, how much would the firm be willing to pay for an additional 5 units of Resource A?
Maximize $P = 3 x + 15 y$
subject to $\quad 2 x + 4 y \leq 12$ (Resource A)
$5 x + 2 y \leq 10$ (Resource B)
and $\quad x \geq 0 , y \geq 0$ .

A) It is impossible to determine.
B) 7.50
C) 11.25
D) 15
E) 18.75

Question 70

In robust optimization, what is meant by the term "soft constraint"?

A) A constraint that is not violated.
B) A constraint that has a shadow price of zero.
C) A constraint that can be violated slightly without serious repercussions.
D) A constraint that can be violated dramatically without serious repercussions.
E) A constraint that cannot be violated.

Question 71

In robust optimization, what is meant by the term "hard constraint"?

A) A constraint that is not violated.
B) A constraint that has a shadow price of zero.
C) A constraint that can be violated slightly without serious repercussions.
D) A constraint that can be violated dramatically without serious repercussions.
E) A constraint that cannot be violated.

Question 72

The Solver report that shows the allowable ranges for objective function coefficients, allowable ranges for constraint right-hand sides, and shadow prices is called the

A) Range report.
B) Sensitivity report.
C) Parameter report.
D) Solution report.
E) Answer report.

Question 73

Note: This question requires access to Solver.
In the following linear programming problem, how much would the firm be willing to pay for an additional 5 units of Resource B?
Maximize $P = 3 x + 15 y$
subject to $\quad 2 x + 4 y \leq 12$ (Resource A)
$5 x + 2 y \leq 10$ (Resource B)
and $\quad x \geq 0 , y \geq 0$ .

A) Nothing
B) 11.25
C) 15
D) 18.75
E) It is impossible to determine.

Question 74

When conducting robust optimization
I) The right-hand side of each ≤ constraint should be replaced with the minimum value.
II) The right-hand side of each ≤ constraint should be replaced with the maximum value.
III) The right-hand side of each ≥ constraint should be replaced with the maximum value.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and III only
E) II and III only

Question 75

A chance constraint
I) Replaces the right-hand side with the minimum value.
II) Allows the objective function coefficients to be replaced with random numbers.
III) Ensures that the chance constraint will never be violated.
IV) Can be used to model a soft constraint which can be violated at times.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) IV only
E) I and II only