Deck 32: Assisting in Gastroenterology

Question 1

To which specialist would a patient most likely be referred if a routine physical examination revealed an abnormality in the lower portion of the descending colon?

A) Internist
B) Gastroenterologist
C) Oncologist
D) Pathologist

Answer 1

Gastroenterologist

Question 2

Constipation can be treated with

A) a low-fiber diet.
B) a bland diet.
C) a BRAT diet.
D) water.

Answer 2

water.

Question 3

Colon cancer can be visualized during a(n)

A) EGD.
B) colonoscopy.
C) barium enema.
D) CT scan.

Answer 3

colonoscopy.

Question 4

Which anatomic structure is at the distal end of the gastric mucosa?

A) Esophagus
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Jejunum
D) Pyloric sphincter

Question 5

A patient reporting abdominal pain points to the area of the stomach; what would you note in the chart to indicate this location?

A) LLQ
B) LUQ
C) RLQ
D) RUQ

Question 6

Which of the following is not a part of the colon?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Splenic flexure
D) Sigmoid

Question 7

The most common procedure or treatment for food poisoning is to

A) induce vomiting.
B) prevent dehydration.
C) give an antidote.
D) assess for damage of the intestinal lining.

Question 8

The muscular action that moves food along the gastrointestinal tract is called

A) ingestion.
B) digestion.
C) peristalsis.
D) mastication.

Question 9

The absorption of nutrients is the primary role of the

A) stomach.
B) villi.
C) large intestine.
D) duodenum.

Question 10

If the result of occult blood screening is positive, the patient

A) has a serious condition that demands immediate medical attention.
B) has tested positive for cancer of the lower intestinal tract.
C) should have further tests to determine the cause.
D) has a large amount of blood leaving the body during elimination.

Question 11

Pouches or tunnels in the large intestine that can trap seeds are called

A) Crohn's disease.
B) duodenal ulcers.
C) diverticuli.
D) diverticulitis.

Question 12

Peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori bacteria are treated with which of the following medications?

A) Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors
B) NSAIDs
C) Prednisone
D) Antiemetics and antibiotics

Question 13

Blood vessels that surround the villi of the small intestine carry absorbed materials through the portal circulation to which organ?

A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Brain
D) Liver

Question 14

Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery may have which of the following complications if they return to a diet high in simple sugars?

A) GERD
B) Diverticulitis
C) Dumping syndrome
D) Crohn's disease

Question 15

Diverticulitis, pancreatitis, and pyloric stenosis are disorders of which body system?

A) Respiratory system
B) Reproductive system
C) Urinary system
D) Digestive system

Question 16

The condition of having gallstones is called

A) cholelithiasis.
B) cholecystitis.
C) cholecystogram.
D) cholecystectomy.

Question 17

Helicobacter pylori infection has been discovered to be a possible cause of

A) cold sores.
B) food poisoning.
C) colitis.
D) stomach ulcers.

Question 18

The first part of the small intestine, where food enters from the stomach, is the

A) cecum.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) ileum.

Question 19

You are responsible for conducting patient education in preparation for a three-time stool collection for occult blood. What foods should the patient avoid?

A) Red meat
B) Dairy products
C) Canned vegetables
D) Caffeine

Question 20

Sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice for which of the following disorders?

A) Inguinal hernia
B) Gangrenous areas of the intestine
C) Hemorrhoids
D) Cancer of the liver

Question 21

__________ occurs with an increased amount of pressure in the circulatory system.

Question 22

In digestion, which of the following is secreted in the stomach and begins the digestion of protein?

A) Amylase
B) Pepsinogen
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Bile

Question 23

The most common site for pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome is

A) left lower quadrant.
B) right lower quadrant.
C) left upper quadrant.
D) right upper quadrant.

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of which of the following diseases include loose, semi-formed stool; melena if the ulcers break through blood vessels; pain or tenderness in the right lower quadrant; anorexia; weight loss; anemia; and fatigue?

A) Ulcerative colitis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Appendicitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 25

Seven days before an occult blood stool test, the patient should do which of the following?

A) Stop taking aspirin and NSAIDs
B) Not take any more than 250 mg of vitamin C a day
C) Not eat red meat
D) Not eat raw fruits and vegetables
E) All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following diseases is often asymptomatic and discovered during a routine x-ray?

A) Gallstones
B) Cirrhosis
C) Hernia
D) Diverticular disease

Question 27

The gallbladder is located in the __________ of the abdomen.

Question 28

Which of the following types of infectious hepatitis is(are) transferred via blood and body fluids?

A) HAV
B) HBV
C) HEV
D) A and C

Question 29

Characteristics of which of the following include weight loss, jaundice, and is usually advanced when diagnosed?

A) Liver cancer
B) Pancreatic cancer
C) Colorectal cancer
D) Gastric cancer

Question 30

All age groups can be diagnosed with GERD; however, it is seen most frequently in adults and is associated with which of the following?

A) Smoking
B) Pregnancy
C) Overweight
D) Alcohol use
E) All of the above

Question 31

The incubation period for Escherichia coli foodborne illness is typically

A) 4-6 hours.
B) 24-72 hours.
C) 8-48 hours.
D) 2-4 days.
E) 12-36 hours.

Question 32

Which of the following best describes a protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal opening?

A) Hiatal hernia
B) Sliding hiatal hernia
C) Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
D) None of the above

Question 33

Day care workers and clients, institutionalized residents, and individuals traveling to infected areas are considered high risk for which of the following?

A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) All of the above

Question 34

The appendix is located in the __________ region of the abdomen.

Question 35

Which of the following is(are) categorized as proton pump inhibitors?

A) Nexium
B) Tagamet
C) Prevacid
D) A and C

Question 36

All of the following are symptoms of Crohn's disease except

A) diaphoresis.
B) melena.
C) diarrhea.
D) anorexia.

Question 37

Ulcerative colitis differs from Crohn's disease in what way?

A) It cannot be cured by surgery.
B) The disease typically recurs at the site of a previous ulcer.
C) Scar tissue at the site may cause a bowel obstruction.
D) Ulcers form on the surface of the colon, starting in the rectum and spreading proximally.

Question 38

Malabsorption problems are expected in patients after weight loss surgery because of which of the following?

A) Patients stop eating nutritious food.
B) The duodenum is bypassed, so nutrients are not completely broken down.
C) Vitamin supplements cannot be absorbed.
D) GERD develops.

Question 39

Patients with diverticulosis are encouraged to avoid which of the following?

A) A diet high in roughage
B) Gluten products
C) Foods with kernels or seeds
D) A diet high in sugar or salt

Question 40

Patients with which of the following must be monitored for possible chronic hepatitis and the development of a carrier state?

A) Hepatitis B
B) Hepatitis C
C) Hepatitis D
D) All of the above

Question 41

Regional ileitis is also known as __________.

Question 42

__________ is the medical term for a muscular ring at the distal end of the stomach that separates the stomach from the duodenum of the small intestine.

Question 43

The surgical joining together of two normally distinct organs, such as connecting the stomach to the ileum, is called a(n) __________.

Question 44

Mr. Simon Garfield recently was diagnosed with cancer of the GI tract. Cancer can develop in any of the gastrointestinal organs. Identify four of the primary causes or contributing factors in the development of GI system cancers.

Question 45

The four abdominal quadrants and nine regions are used routinely to describe and document GI complaints, signs, and symptoms. List the four abdominal quadrants and name at least one organ located in each. Also name the nine regions.

Question 46

Chronic viral hepatitis can occur with hepatitis B, C, and D.

Question 47

__________ is the wavelike, muscular movement of substances through the GI tract.

Question 48

Congenital __________, which typically is seen in first-born male infants, causes a problem with narrowing at the distal end of the stomach.

Question 49

You have learned a great deal about infectious viral hepatitis in this chapter. Explain the mode of transmission and typical signs and symptoms of the following types of viral hepatitis:
a. HAV
b. HBV
c. HCV
d. HDV

Question 50

Advanced cirrhosis of the liver can lead to portal hypertension.

Question 51

For each of the following diagnostic procedures of the GI system, list at least three instructions that should be included in patient teaching on how to prepare for the procedure:
a. UGI
b. Barium enema
c. Colonoscopy
d. Fecal occult blood screening

Question 52

Any disorder or enlargement of the lymph nodes is called __________.

Question 53

A hard, impacted mass of feces in the colon is called a(n) __________.

Question 54

A disease or condition that is specific to a particular geographic location is said to be __________ to that region.

Question 55

The medical term for enlargement of the liver is __________.

Question 56

__________ is a malabsorption syndrome caused by an inherited defect in the patient's ability to metabolize gluten.

Question 57

Patients frequently call the physician's office because of GI system complaints. Based on what you have learned about asking specific questions about the patient's chief complaint, list three questions you would ask for the following signs and symptoms.
a. Nausea and vomiting
b. Diarrhea
c. Constipation
d. Abdominal pain

Question 58

__________ are varicose veins of the anus and rectum.

Question 59

Hepatitis can be caused only by infection.

Question 60

The acronym GERD stands for __________.

Question 61

Endemic disease is widespread in a particular geographic area.

Question 62

Ulcerative colitis causes localized ulcer formation in the colon.

Question 63

Hemorrhoids are the enlargement of veins either internally or externally in the rectal area.

Question 64

The hepatitis B vaccine is given in four doses 6 months apart.

Question 65

A possible complication of Crohn's disease is the development of fistulas between the original location of the ulcer and a nearby organ.

Question 66

Diverticuli of the colon are considered precancerous.

Question 67

Ulcerative colitis frequently is described as regional ileitis, because the ulcers typically are restricted to the ileum.

Question 68

Acute appendicitis frequently is caused by an impacted fecalith.

Question 69

A patient who has anorexia has lost the appetite for food.

Question 70

Crohn's disease can be cured surgically.

Question 71

OSHA requires employers to make the hepatitis B vaccine available to employees at a reduced price.

Question 72

Dietary restrictions for the collection of an occult stool sample should be followed for 72 hours before the specimen is collected.

Question 73

IBS is most frequently diagnosed in young women.

Question 74

Polyps are caused by herniations of the lining of the colon and are associated with chronic constipation.

Question 75

Hepatitis carriers can be asymptomatic but infectious.

Question 76

Imodium is an antiemetic that may be prescribed for a patient with food poisoning.

Question 77

Patients who have had bariatric surgery need routine injections of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 78

One of the signs of a suspected peptic ulcer is a drop in hemoglobin.

Question 79

A patient whose stool tests positive for occult blood will also complain of hematemesis.

Question 80

The hepatitis A virus is transmitted through contaminated blood and body fluids.