Deck 2: Atoms

Question 1

Which of the following elements is named for a person?

A) Er
B) Fr
C) Os
D) Sg

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following best compares Democritus' view of matter and our current view?

A) Both views are based on belief only.
B) Both views are based on firm experimental evidence.
C) The ancient view was based on thought only, but our view is based on experimental evidence.
D) Both views were based on a combination of thought and experimental evidence.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following elements is named for a country?

A) Fr
B) Ge
C) Po
D) all of them

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements describe a compound?

A) A compound is a pure substance.
B) A compound obeys the law of constant composition.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 5

When a strong magnet is brought near a sample that contains both iron and sulfur the iron and the sulfur are not separated from one another. What type of material is this sample?

A) a compound
B) a homogeneous mixture
C) a heterogeneous mixture
D) There is insufficient information to answer.

Question 6

When a particular solid sample is examined under a microscope it is observed that there are regions which are black and regions which are yellow. What type of material is this sample?

A) a compound
B) an element
C) a homogeneous mixture
D) a heterogeneous mixture

Question 7

Which of the following elements is named for a continent?

A) As
B) Au
C) Eu
D) all of them

Question 8

The name of which Greek philosopher is most closely associated with the concept of an atom?

A) Aristotle
B) Democritus
C) Plato
D) Zeno

Question 9

The word atom is derived from a word in which language?

A) Arabic
B) Greek
C) Hebrew
D) Latin

Question 10

The symbols for the elements in the period table are derived from three languages. Which of the following is not one of those languages?

A) English
B) French
C) German
D) Latin

Question 11

Which Greek philosopher thought that matter was infinitely divisible?

A) Aristotle
B) Democritus
C) Plato
D) Zeno

Question 12

Which of the following is not a proper symbol for an element?

A) C
B) Ca
C) CO
D) Co

Question 13

Sodium chlorate, an ingredient in many common herbicides, has sodium, chlorine and oxygen atoms in the ratio 1:1:3. What is the correct formula for sodium chlorate?

A) NaCO₃
B) SoClO₃
C) NaClO₃
D) none of these

Question 14

Zinc can be uniformly mixed in differing amounts with copper to form an alloy called brass. Brass is an examples of which of the following?

A) compounds
B) elements
C) homogeneous mixtures
D) heterogeneous mixtures

Question 15

Which of the following statements describe a mixture?

A) A mixture does not contain a fixed ratio by mass of the component elements.
B) Chemical techniques are required to separate the components of a mixture.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 16

Sodium is a highly reactive metal and chlorine is a toxic gas, but when they come together the resulting material, sodium chloride, is essential for life. Which of the following is true when sodium and chlorine are brought into contact with one another?

A) They form a heterogeneous mixture.
B) They form a homogenous mixture.
C) They neutralize each other.
D) They form a compound.

Question 17

Which of the following elements is named for a planet?

A) As
B) Er
C) Pu
D) V

Question 18

Which of the following elements is named for a city?

A) B
B) Be
C) Bi
D) Bk

Question 19

When a strong magnet is brought near a sample that contains both iron and sulfur the iron and the sulfur are separated from one another. What type of material is this sample?

A) a compound
B) a homogeneous mixture
C) a heterogeneous mixture
D) There is insufficient information to answer.

Question 20

Aluminum and fluorine form a compound in which the aluminum to fluorine ratio is 1:3. What is the correct formula for this compound?

A) AF₃
B) AlFl₃
C) AlF₃
D) Al(F₂)₃

Question 21

A number of elements occur naturally as diatomic molecules under normal atmospheric conditions. Which of the following does not occur naturally as a diatomic molecule?

A) chlorine
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) sulfur

Question 22

Which of the following correctly describes a proton?

A) on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a +1 charge
B) on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a -1 charge
C) on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a +1 charge
D) on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a -1 charge

Question 23

Which of the following enable us characterize a compound by a specific chemical formula?

A) law of conservation of energy
B) law of conservation of mass
C) law of constant composition
D) all of the above

Question 24

The atomic number of an atom is equal to which of the following?

A) the number of protons in the atom
B) the number of neutrons in the atom
C) the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
D) the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom

Question 25

Which of the following statements, all of which were part of Dalton's atomic theory, was later shown to be false?

A) All matter is made up of very tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
B) All atoms of the same element have the same chemical properties.
C) Compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
D) A molecule is a tightly bound combination of two or more atoms that acts as a single unit.

Question 26

Which element is currently used to define the atomic mass unit?

A) hydrogen-1
B) carbon-12
C) oxygen-16
D) none of these

Question 27

How many elements occur naturally as diatomic molecules?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 28

Which subatomic particle(s) are found in the nucleus?

A) electrons
B) neutrons
C) protons
D) protons and neutrons

Question 29

Which element is present in the largest amount (by number of atoms) in the human body?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen

Question 30

The neutron got its name because which of the following is true?

A) it neutralizes protons
B) it neutralizes electrons
C) it does not have an electrical charge
D) it has no effect on any atomic properties

Question 31

Sodium bicarbonate has sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms in the ratio 1:1:1:3. What is the correct formula for sodium bicarbonate?

A) NaBiCO₃
B) NaHCO₃
C) SoHCO₃
D) none of these

Question 32

Ammonium nitrate is a component of both fertilizers and explosives. Ammonium nitrate has nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio 2:4:3. What is the correct formula for ammonium nitrate?

A) N₄H₈O₆
B) N₂H₄O₃
C) N₁H₂O_1.5
D) all of these

Question 33

One of the postulates of Dalton's theory was incorrect. Which of the following best describes the effect of the incorrect postulate?

A) Since one postulate was incorrect the theory must be discarded.
B) The theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on the physical properties of the elements.
C) The theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on the chemical properties of the elements.
D) The theory can still be used because the erroneous postulate does not have any effect on either the chemical or physical properties of the elements.

Question 34

The mass of a neutron is approximately which of the following?

A) 12 g
B) 1 g
C) 12 amu
D) 1 amu

Question 35

Which element accounts for nearly half the mass of the earth's crust?

A) carbon
B) iron
C) oxygen
D) silicon

Question 36

The mass of a proton is approximately which of the following?

A) 12 g
B) 1 g
C) 12 amu
D) 1 amu

Question 37

Which of the following correctly describes an electron?

A) on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a +1 charge
B) on the scale of subatomic particles it is massive and has a -1 charge
C) on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a +1 charge
D) on the scale of subatomic particles it is light and has a -1 charge

Question 38

The mass number of an atom is equal to which of the following?

A) the number of protons in the atom
B) the number of neutrons in the atom
C) the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
D) the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom

Question 39

Which element is present in the largest amount (by mass) in the human body?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen

Question 40

The mass of an electron is approximately which of the following?

A) 1 amu
B) 1 g
C) 0.0005 amu
D) 0.0005 g

Question 41

Which columns of the periodic table is commonly called the halogens?

A) 1A
B) 4A
C) 7A
D) 8A

Question 42

If you could line up atoms of lead-208, approximately how many atoms would you need to line up in order for them to form a line 1 inch long?

A) 82
B) 208
C) 8.2 x 10⁷
D) 1.6 x 10¹²

Question 43

What are the elements in the "B" columns of the period table called?

A) main group elements
B) inner transition elements
C) metalloids
D) transition elements

Question 44

Which of the following contains two species which have the same mass number?

A) ¹⁴C, ¹⁴N
B) ¹²C, ¹³C
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 45

What is the mass number of an atom which is made up of 27 protons, 33 neutrons and 27 electrons?

A) 87
B) 60
C) 33
D) 27

Question 46

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A) families
B) periods
C) either a or b
D) neither a nor b

Question 47

What is the mass number of an atom which is made up of 38 protons, 52 neutrons and 38 electrons?

A) 38
B) 52
C) 90
D) 128

Question 48

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

A) cycles
B) periods
C) families
D) none of these

Question 49

What are the elements in the "A" columns of the periodic table called?

A) main group elements
B) inner transition elements
C) metalloids
D) transition elements

Question 50

Suppose a new element named questinium has two isotopes. These isotopes are Qu-297 (40.30%, 296.78 amu) and Qu-301 (59.70%, 300.88 amu). What is the atomic weight of questinium, reported to the correct number of significant digits?

A) 299 amu
B) 299.0 amu
C) 299.12 amu
D) 299.23 amu

Question 51

Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains no metallic elements?

A) 4A
B) 5A
C) 6A
D) 7A

Question 52

If you could line up the nuclei of lead-208, approximately how many nuclei would you need to line up in order for them to form a line 1 inch long?

A) 82
B) 208
C) 8.2 x 10⁷
D) 1.6 x 10¹²

Question 53

Which is true of isotopes of an element?

A) They have different numbers of electrons.
B) They have different numbers of neutrons.
C) They have different numbers of protons.
D) They have different chemical properties.

Question 54

Which column of the periodic table is commonly called the alkali metals?

A) 1A
B) 2A
C) 7A
D) 8A

Question 55

Which of the following contains only transition metals?

A) Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni,
B) V, W, Xe, Zr
C) Cr, Mo, Ni, Pt
D) none of these

Question 56

Which of the following contains two species which are a pair of isotopes?

A) ¹⁴C, ¹⁴N
B) ¹²C, ¹³C
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 57

Which of the following is true of the atomic weight of an element?

A) It is the weight of heaviest isotope.
B) It is the weight lightest isotope.
C) It is the weight of the most abundant isotope.
D) It is a weighted average obtained from the weights and abundances of the isotopes.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of a 1 gram sample of iron?

A) It contains a very, very small number of atoms, since each individual atom has a large mass.
B) It contains a very huge number of atoms, each of which is fairly massive.
C) It contains a very, very huge number of atoms, each of which has an extremely tiny mass.
D) none of the above

Question 59

Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains only gaseous elements?

A) 5A
B) 6A
C) 7A
D) 8A

Question 60

It is commonly assumed that the isotopic abundances of a particular element are independent of the source of the element. If isotopic abundance does vary with location what is the consequence of that observation?

A) Nothing, the observation is totally unimportant.
B) The atomic weight determined for the element will depend on the source from which the element was obtained.
C) The chemical behavior of the element will depend on the source from which the element was obtained.
D) The atomic weight and the chemical behavior of the element will depend on the source from which the element was obtained.

Question 61

What is the name of the lowest possible energy state for an electron?

A) Bohr state
B) bottom state
C) ground state
D) none of the above

Question 62

Which of the following products are formed when potassium reacts with water?

A) KH + O₂
B) KO + H₂
C) KOH + H₂
D) K₂O + H₂

Question 63

How many electrons can be accommodated in the 3d subshell?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 10
D) 18

Question 64

How many orbitals are there in the 3d subshell?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8

Question 65

Which of the following contains only nonmetals?

A) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B) P, As, Sb, Bi
C) F, Cl, Br, I
D) none of these

Question 66

Which of the following types of orbitals come in sets of seven?

A) s
B) p
C) d
D) f

Question 67

Which of the following is the reason that strontium-90 is considered an especially dangerous radioactive isotope?

A) It has an exceptionally short half-life.
B) It has an exceptionally intense radioactivity.
C) It is chemically incorporated into bone and teeth and is therefore not readily eliminated from the body.
D) all of the above

Question 68

Which of the following contains only metals?

A) Ag, As, Ba, Ca
B) Ag, Au, Pb, Rb
C) As, Ge, Si, Te
D) none of these

Question 69

How many electrons can be accommodated in the 4p subshell?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 18

Question 70

Which of the following sets of numbers could be used to designate the principal energy levels (shells) in an atom?

A) -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
B) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D) all of these

Question 71

Which of the following sequences gives the correct order as we move from left to right across a row of the period table?

A) metal, metalloid, nonmetal
B) metal, nonmetal, metalloid
C) nonmetal, metal, metalloid
D) nonmetal, metalloid, metal

Question 72

The properties of ductility, malleability, ability to conduct heat and electricity are characteristics of what type of material?

A) all elements
B) metallic elements
C) metalloid elements
D) nonmetallic elements

Question 73

How many electrons can be accommodated in the 2d subshell?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) None, there is no 2d subshell.

Question 74

Which of the following products are formed when sodium reacts with water?

A) NaH + O₂
B) NaO + H₂
C) Na₂O + H₂
D) NaOH + H₂

Question 75

How many orbitals are there in the 4p subshell?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 76

Which of the following best describes the properties of the elements?

A) Chemical and physical properties vary in a systematic way as one moves across a row of the periodic table.
B) Chemical and physical properties vary in a systematic way as one moves down a column of the periodic table.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 77

How many electrons can be accommodated in the fourth shell of an atom?

A) 2
B) 8
C) 18
D) 32

Question 78

Which of the following types of orbitals can hold a maximum of 10 electrons when filled?

A) s
B) p
C) d
D) f

Question 79

When comparing the boiling points of the halogens with those of the noble gases which of the following is true?

A) The boiling points decrease as the elements get heavier, and the boiling point of the halogen is higher than that of the noble gas adjacent to it.
B) The boiling points decrease as the elements get heavier, and the boiling point of the halogen is lower than that of the noble gas adjacent to it.
C) The boiling points increase as the elements get heavier, and the boiling point of the halogen is higher than that of the noble gas adjacent to it.
D) The boiling points increase as the elements get heavier, and the boiling point of the halogen is lower than that of the noble gas adjacent to it.

Question 80

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) S
B) Si
C) Sn
D) Sr