Deck 18: Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

How many carboxylic acids have the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₂?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not a dicarboxylic acid?

A) glutaric acid
B) oxalic acid
C) succinic acid
D) None of these, they are all dicarboxylic acids.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name of a carboxylic acid which contains four carbon atoms?

A) 1-methyl-1-propanoic acid
B) 1-methylpropanoic acid
C) 2-methyl-1-propanoic acid
D) 2-methylpropanoic acid

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name of a carboxylic acid which contains four carbon atoms?

A) butanoic acid
B) 1-butanoic acid
C) 2-butanoic acid
D) butyric acid

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid which contains three carbon atoms?

A) 1-propanoic acid
B) propanoic acid
C) 1-propionic acid
D) propionic acid

Question 6

Which of the following acids is not found in abundance in animal fats and vegetable oils?

A) caproic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) myristic acid

Question 7

What is the IUPAC name of the straight chain dicarboxylic acid which contains seven carbon atoms?

A) 1,7-heptanedioic acid
B) heptanedioic acid
C) 1,5-pentanedioic acid
D) pentanedioic acid

Question 8

Which of the following is γ-hydroxybutyric acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 9

Which of the following is a major component of kidney stones?

A) calcium glutarate
B) calcium malate
C) calcium oxalate
D) calcium succinate

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name of a carboxylic acid which contains five carbon atoms?

A) 1-methyl-1-butanoic acid
B) 1-methylbutanoic acid
C) 2-methyl-1-butanoic acid
D) 2-methylbutanoic acid

Question 11

Which of the following compounds contain a carboxylic acid functional group?

A) A and B only
B) A and C only
C) C only
D) B only

Question 12

Which of the following acids has an aroma similar to that of goats?

A) CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH
B) CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH
C) CH₃(CH₂)₄COOH
D) CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH

Question 13

What is the IUPAC name for the following carboxylic acid?

A) 3-carboxyhexane
B) 2-ethylpentanoic acid
C) 4-ethylpentanoic acid
D) 2-propylbutanoic acid

Question 14

Which of the following is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle?

A) glutaric acid
B) oxalic acid
C) succinic acid
D) valeric acid

Question 15

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A) 5-carboxydecane
B) 5-pentylhexanoic acid
C) 2-pentylhexanoic acid
D) 2-butylheptanoic acid

Question 16

How many carboxylic acids have the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 17

What is the name of the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid?

A) benzenoic acid
B) benzoic acid
C) benzylic acid
D) toluic acid

Question 18

Which of the following must be present in a carboxylic acid?

A) a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to different carbon atoms
B) a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom
C) two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon atom
D) two carbonyl groups on the same carbon atom

Question 19

Which of the following is not a real compound?

A) 1-hydroxybutanoic acid
B) 2-hydroxybutanoic acid
C) 3-hydroxybutanoic acid
D) None, they are all real compounds.

Question 20

Which of the following acids is a component of the venom injected by stinging ants?

A) butyric acid
B) acetic acid
C) formic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 21

Which of the following is true of fatty acids?

A) They are branched carboxylic acids containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
B) They are unbranched carboxylic acids containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
C) They are branched carboxylic acids containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
D) They are unbranched carboxylic acids containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.

Question 22

The sour taste of pickles and sauerkraut is due primarily to the presence of which acid?

A) acetic acid
B) citric acid
C) lactic acid
D) oxalic acid

Question 23

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A) 3-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
B) 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
C) 3-carboxy-4-hydroxyaniline
D) 3-amino-6-hydroxybenzoic acid

Question 24

Which of the following is true of fatty acids?

A) All fatty acids are liquids at room temperature.
B) All fatty acids are solids at room temperature.
C) All saturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature.
D) All cis-unsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature.

Question 25

Which of the following biologically important compounds is chiral?

A) 2-aminopropanoic acid
B) 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid
C) 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
D) all of them

Question 26

Which of the following compounds will have the lowest boiling point?

A) butanoic acid
B) heptanoic acid
C) hexanoic acid
D) pentanoic acid

Question 27

Which type reaction is used to obtain fatty acids from animal fats?

A) hydrolysis
B) reduction
C) oxidation
D) substitution

Question 28

In a sample of a pure carboxylic acid, how many hydrogen bonds are formed between a pair of carboxylic acid molecules?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 29

When compared with the boiling points of other neutral organic compounds of comparable molecular weight, which of the following is true of the boiling points of carboxylic acids?

A) They are significantly lower than the boiling points of the other compounds.
B) They are slightly lower than the boiling points of the other compounds.
C) They are slightly higher than the boiling points of the other compounds.
D) They are significantly higher than the boiling points of the other compounds.

Question 30

What would you expect is the order of water solubility for the following compounds: ?

A) A > B > C
B) C > A > B
C) B > A > C
D) A > C > B

Question 31

Which of the following acids is used in the synthesis of the polymer nylon-66?

A) adipic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) none of these

Question 32

Carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds with which of the following classes of compounds?

A) alcohols
B) aldehydes
C) ethers
D) all of these

Question 33

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 2-hydroxybuatnoic acid
B) 3-hydroxybutanoic acid
C) β-hydroxybutanoic acid
D) γ-hydroxybutanoic acid

Question 34

What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 3-aminoheptanoic acid
B) 4-aminooctanoic acid
C) 4-amino-4-butylbutanoic acid
D) γ-aminobutyric acid

Question 35

GABA is the abbreviation for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. Which of the following is GABA?

A)
B)
C) NH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
D) none of these

Question 36

Which of the following biologically important compounds is achiral?

A) 3-aminopropanoic acid
B) 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid
C) 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
D) None, they are all chiral.

Question 37

When compared with the solubility in water of other neutral organic compounds of comparable molecular weight, which of the following is true of the solubility of carboxylic acid acids?

A) They are significantly less soluble in water than the other compounds.
B) They are slightly less soluble in water than the other compounds.
C) They are slightly more soluble in water than the other compounds.
D) They are significantly more soluble in water than the other compounds.

Question 38

Carboxylic acids do not form hydrogen bonds with which of the following classes of compounds?

A) alcohols
B) ethers
C) alkanes
D) None, carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with all of these.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of fatty acids?

A) All fatty acids are liquids at room temperature.
B) All fatty acids are solids at room temperature.
C) All saturated fatty acids are solids at room temperature.
D) All trans-unsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature.

Question 40

Which of the following acids is found in abundance in animal fats?

A) arachidic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) all of these

Question 41

Which of the following fatty acids is(are) saturated?

A) lauric acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) all of these

Question 42

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

A) arachidonic acid
B) oleic acid
C) palmitic acid
D) none of these

Question 43

Which of the following is true of most abundant, naturally occurring, unsaturated fatty acids?

A) The cis isomer predominates.
B) The trans isomer predominates.
C) There is an approximately equal distribution of cis and trans isomers.
D) Depending on the fatty acid, the distribution of cis and trans isomers will vary.

Question 44

Which of the following unsaturated fatty acids has the most double bonds?

A) arachidonic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) oleic acid

Question 45

Which of the following intermolecular forces is most different between saturated and cis-unsaturated fatty acids of comparable size?

A) covalent bonding
B) hydrogen bonding
C) ionic bonding
D) London dispersion forces

Question 46

Saponification is an example of which type of reaction?

A) esterification
B) ester hydrolysis
C) reduction
D) oxidation

Question 47

Which of the following notations corresponds to the fatty acid with the lowest melting point?

A) 18:0
B) 18:1
C) 18:2
D) 18:3

Question 48

Which of the following unsaturated acids has the fewest double bonds?

A) arachidonic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) oleic acid

Question 49

Which of the following gives the correct order of health risk for the three types of fatty acids?

A) trans > saturated > cis
B) trans > cis > saturated
C) cis > saturated > trans
D) cis > trans > saturated

Question 50

Which of the following 18 carbon fatty acids will have the lowest melting point?

A) oleic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 51

Which of the following fatty acids is(are) unsaturated?

A) arachidonic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) all of these

Question 52

Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A) arachidonic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) none of these

Question 53

Which of the following is true for nearly all of the most abundant, naturally occurring fatty acids?

A) Nearly all of them contain an even number of carbon atoms.
B) About 70% of them contain an even number of carbon atoms.
C) Approximately half of them contain an even number of carbon atoms.
D) Nearly all of them contain an odd number of carbon atoms.

Question 54

Which of the following 18 carbon fatty acids will have the highest melting point?

A) oleic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 55

Why are the melting points of cis-unsaturated fatty acids lower than those of trans-unsaturated fatty acids?

A) The cis-unsaturated fatty acid chains are shorter.
B) The trans-unsaturated fatty acid chains pack together in close parallel alignment.
C) The cis-unsaturated fatty acid chains have stronger London dispersion forces.
D) All three factors (a)-(c) are important.

Question 56

Which of the following will be true of a saturated fatty acid and a cis-unsaturated fatty acid which contain the same number of carbon atoms?

A) They will have very nearly the same melting point.
B) The saturated fatty acid will have a lower melting point.
C) The cis-unsaturated fatty acid will have a lower melting point.
D) There is no general statement possible regarding their melting points.

Question 57

Which of the following is true of the sources of fatty acids?

A) Both animals and plants are rich in saturated fatty acids.
B) Both animals and plants are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
C) Animals are rich in saturated fatty acids and plants are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
D) Plants are rich in saturated fatty acids and animals are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 58

Which of the following compounds is a naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acid?

A)
B)
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 59

Which of the following notations corresponds to the fatty acid with the highest melting point?

A) 18:0
B) 18:1
C) 18:2
D) 18:3

Question 60

Which of the following is true regarding the stability of the cis and trans configurations of unsaturated fatty acids?

A) The cis configuration is more stable.
B) The trans configuration is more stable.
C) The cis and trans configurations have equal stability.
D) The relative stabilities vary depending on the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid.

Question 61

In what form(s) will a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, be present if the pH of an aqueous solution is adjusted to be very much higher than the pK_a of the acid?

A) primarily as RCOOH (aq)
B) primarily as RCOO− (aq)
C) equal amounts of (a) and (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)

Question 62

The presence of which of the following cations results in hard water?

A) Ca²⁺
B) Fe³⁺
C) Mg²⁺
D) any of these

Question 63

Which of the following correctly describes the reagent(s) used to manufacture a detergent from a linear alkylbenzene precursor?

A) NaOH only
B) H₂SO₄ only
C) NaOH followed by H₂SO₄
D) H₂SO₄ followed by NaOH

Question 64

The reactions of a carboxylic acid with which of the following reagents produces a gas?

A) NaHCO₃
B) Na₂CO₃
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 65

Soaps are most commonly fatty acid salts of which cation?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sodium

Question 66

In what form(s) will a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, be present if the pH of an aqueous solution is adjusted to be very much lower than the pK_a of the acid?

A) primarily as RCOOH (aq)
B) primarily as RCOO− (aq)
C) equal amounts of a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 67

Which of the following can be used as a fungal growth inhibitor?

A) calcium propanoater
B) sodium benzoate
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 68

In a soap micelle, which of the following is true?

A) The hydrophilic region is on the surface and the hydrophobic region is in the interior.
B) The hydrophobic region is on the surface and the hydrophilic region is in the interior.
C) The hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are uniformly distributed throughout the micelle.
D) When the micelle is formed, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions interact and neutralize one another.

Question 69

In what form(s) will a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, be present if the pH of an aqueous solution is adjusted to be the same as the pKa of the acid?

A) primarily as RCOOH (aq)
B) primarily as RCOO− (aq)
C) equal amounts of a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 70

The bleaching agent in many detergents is which of the following?

A) a sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate
B) sodium silicate
C) sodium perborate tetrahydrate
D) Any of these, they are all bleaching agents.

Question 71

What is the name of the compound produced by the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide?

A) benzoic sodate
B) sodium hydroxybenzoate
C) sodium benzide
D) sodium benzoate

Question 72

Given that the electron-withdrawing ability of a substituent falls off with distance, rank order the following carboxylic acids from strongest acid to weakest acid:

A) (i) > (ii) > (iii)
B) (iii) > (ii) > (i)
C) (ii) > (iii) > (i)
D) (ii) > (i) > (iii)

Question 73

The cleansing agent in many detergents is which of the following?

A) a sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate
B) sodium silicate
C) sodium perborate tetrahydrate
D) Any of these, they are all cleansing agents.

Question 74

Which of the following is a byproduct in the production of soaps?

A) glycerol
B) triglycerides
C) ethanol
D) none of these

Question 75

A precipitate is formed when soaps are used in waters which contain which of the following cations?

A) Ca²⁺
B) K⁺
C) either a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 76

As soap removes grease from a material, which of the following occurs?

A) The grease is adsorbed on the outer surface of a micelle
B) The grease is enclosed within the body of a micelle
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 77

Saponification requires which of the following reagents?

A) an oxidizing agent
B) a strong base
C) a reducing agent
D) a weak acid

Question 78

Which of the following compounds will be the strongest acid?

A) bromoacetic acid
B) chloroacetic acid
C) fluoroacetic acid
D) iodoacetic acid

Question 79

Which of the following is used by dentists to cauterize gums?

A) acetic acid
B) chloroacetic acid
C) dichloroacetic acid
D) trichloroacetic acid

Question 80

Which of the following compounds will be the weakest acid?

A) bromoacetic acid
B) chloroacetic acid
C) fluoroacetic acid
D) iodoacetic acid