Deck 39: Assisting in Pulmonary Medicine

Question 1

Asbestosis typically is seen in individuals who worked for years in which of the following occupations?

A) Coal mining
B) Construction and insulation manufacturing
C) Sandblasting
D) All of the above

Answer 1

Construction and insulation manufacturing

Question 2

The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between lung tissue and the bloodstream occurs in the

A) bronchi.
B) bronchiole.
C) alveolar ducts.
D) alveolar sacs.

Answer 2

alveolar sacs.

Question 3

Nonproductive cough and expiratory wheezing are signs of

A) asthma.
B) COPD.
C) pneumonia.
D) tuberculosis.

Answer 3

asthma.

Question 4

The medical terms for "throat" and "windpipe" are

A) larynx and trachea.
B) larynx and bronchus.
C) pharynx and bronchus.
D) pharynx and trachea.

Question 5

The procedure that measures the amount of air moving into and out of the lungs is

A) bronchoscopy.
B) intubation.
C) spirometry.
D) thoracentesis.
E) tracheostomy.

Question 6

When the physician orders a nebulizer treatment, the route of drug administration is through

A) irrigation.
B) inhalation.
C) sublingual absorption.
D) instillation.

Question 7

Which statement is true about the paranasal sinuses?

A) They are fluid-filled, bony structures of the face.
B) The sinuses contain resident bacteria.
C) The classic sign of a sinus infection is a headache.
D) Sinus infections are treated with decongestants, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and analgesics.
E) Both C and D are true.

Question 8

A serious inflammation of the lungs can be caused by

A) mycobacteria.
B) influenza virus.
C) fungi.
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 9

To obtain a useful evaluation of pulmonary function in a patient with asthma, you must administer the test when the patient

A) has suffered a spasm in the bronchial tubes within the previous hour.
B) is experiencing a bronchial spasm.
C) has already been evaluated with chest radiographs.
D) has taken medication to expand the bronchi.

Question 10

Which phrase best describes the process of ventilation?

A) Downward movement of the diaphragm to allow air to enter the lungs
B) Exchange of oxygenated air and waste gases
C) Transport of oxygen from the outside environment into the alveoli
D) Signal from the brain that initiates the breathing cycle

Question 11

You would expect a patient diagnosed with pneumonia to have what signs and symptoms?

A) Signs of pulmonary consolidation
B) Positive QFT
C) Rales and rhonchi
D) A and C
E) All of the above

Question 12

Which statement is true about the formation of tubercles?

A) They form when a patient is exposed to TB and then develops the disease.
B) They are the result of cell-mediated isolation of the tuberculin bacillus.
C) Immediate treatment with 3 months of INH destroys any possible tubercles in the body.
D) Tubercles do not affect the TB skin test results, because the patient does not have active TB.

Question 13

Which medication is used for immediate control of asthma symptoms?

A) Ventolin
B) Aerobid
C) Singulair
D) Azmacort

Question 14

The signs and symptoms of sleep apnea include

A) hypersomnia.
B) dry mouth or sore throat in the morning.
C) morning headache.
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which respiratory action is initiated by a signal from the medulla oblongata?

A) Expiration
B) Inspiration
C) Ventilation
D) Exhalation

Question 16

A new employee is to have the two-step Mantoux test to screen for TB. What does this mean?

A) Her blood needs to be drawn at 1-week intervals.
B) Her first Mantoux test was positive, so the second is ordered as a follow-up procedure.
C) Her chest x-ray film was suspicious, so the Mantoux test is ordered to confirm the presence of TB.
D) A second Mantoux is done 1 to 3 weeks after the first test.

Question 17

Which structure is classified as part of the upper respiratory tract?

A) Bronchi
B) Larynx
C) Lung
D) Trachea

Question 18

Which of the following medications are used to treat allergic rhinitis?

A) Allegra and Flonase
B) Septra and Amoxicillin
C) Alupent and Seravent
D) INH and RIF

Question 19

A blood test to help diagnose tuberculosis is

A) WBC count.
B) WBC with diff.
C) QuantiFERON-TB Gold test.
D) Mantoux.
E) PPD.

Question 20

The symptoms of an asthma attack include

A) nonproductive cough.
B) hemoptysis.
C) inspiratory wheezing.
D) rhinorrhea.

Question 21

Which symptom(s) is (are) typically not associated with allergic rhinitis?

A) Itchy eyes, ears, nose, throat, and roof of the mouth
B) Red and watery eyes
C) Clear, thin nasal discharge
D) Fever

Question 22

What is the terminal one cell thick tissue in the respiratory system which allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the cell membrane?

A) Bronchioles
B) Alveoli
C) Bronchi
D) Pericardial sac

Question 23

Which of the following structures is located in the lower respiratory tract?

A) Pharynx
B) Larynx
C) Trachea
D) Bronchial tubes
E) Both C and D

Question 24

The correct position for a spirometry test is

A) semi-Fowler's position on the exam table.
B) upright with the chin tucked into the chest.
C) upright with the chin slightly elevated and the neck extended.
D) standing.

Question 25

Which of the following characteristics best describes the right lung?

A) Divided into three lobes
B) Has two lobes
C) Longer and narrower
D) Has a distinct indentation in its center

Question 26

Carcinoma of the larynx is almost always seen in patients with a history of

A) smoking and chronic alcohol consumption.
B) obesity and CHF.
C) cancer of the lung.
D) A and C

Question 27

Which location of sinusitis is typically associated with pain or discomfort in the upper jaw and teeth?

A) Frontal sinuses
B) Maxillary sinuses
C) Ethmoid sinuses
D) Sphenoid sinuses

Question 28

Individuals who consistently test positive on TB skin screening tests but are asymptomatic and not infectious are in which stage of TB?

A) Primary infection
B) Latent TB
C) Secondary TB
D) Active pulmonary TB

Question 29

The PFT results for a patient with emphysema show

A) decreased vital capacity and increased inspiratory capacity.
B) decreased residual volume.
C) increased residual volume and decreased forced expiratory volume.
D) A and C

Question 30

You have a patient scheduled for a bronchoscopy procedure at the hospital next week. What instructions should you give the patient about preparing for the exam?

A) Do not brush your teeth in the morning before the procedure.
B) The procedure may interfere with breathing, but the physician will be there to help you.
C) Remain NPO for 4 to 8 hours before the test.
D) The procedure may be slightly uncomfortable, because sedation may interfere with your breathing.

Question 31

A successful spirometry effort is one in which the patient

A) exhales slowly and continuously.
B) blows into the mouthpiece as hard and as fast as possible.
C) breathes normally into the machine for at least 5 minutes.
D) inhales and exhales repeatedly into the mouthpiece.

Question 32

What is the third leading cause of death in the United States?

A) Influenza
B) Pneumonia
C) Chronic lower respiratory diseases
D) Acute upper respiratory diseases

Question 33

Which statement is true about pulse oximetry?

A) It can be performed on any finger; nail polish does not have to be removed.
B) It measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is oxygenated compared with the total amount of hemoglobin available.
C) It provides both the oxygen saturation level and the patient's pulse rate.
D) Both B and C are true.

Question 34

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

A) Streptococci
B) Influenza
C) Inhalation of irritants or gas
D) Aspiration of solids or fluids into the lungs

Question 35

Clubbing of the fingers in a patient with emphysema is caused by

A) chronic tissue hypoxia.
B) low blood glucose levels.
C) complications from medications.
D) congestive heart failure.

Question 36

Risk factors for sleep apnea include

A) female gender.
B) obesity.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) CHF.

Question 37

What test is ordered to determine whether the pneumonia is viral or bacterial?

A) Chest x-ray
B) Sputum culture and sensitivity
C) White blood cell count
D) All of the above

Question 38

A patient suspected of having cancer of the lung shows what symptom(s)?

A) Atelectasis
B) Hemoptysis
C) Increased residual volume
D) A and B

Question 39

Which structure protects the opening into the larynx?

A) Voice box
B) Vocal cords
C) Epiglottis
D) Pharynx

Question 40

Carl Rowe is to have a sleep study at the local hospital. The study is performed with what technology?

A) Electroencephalogram
B) ECG
C) Polysomnography
D) A and C

Question 41

__________ is the medical term for a collapsed lung.

Question 42

An individual with emphysema suffers from __________, which requires the person to sit upright to breathe.

Question 43

The medical term for runny nose is __________.

Question 44

A surgical procedure to repair or alter the shape of the nose is called a(n) __________.

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the green zone of a traditional peak flow meter?

A) Reading is 80% to 100% of normal peak flow rates
B) Patient's highest reading is 40% to 80% of normal
C) Readings below 50% of the normal level
D) None of the above

Question 46

A normal pulse oximetry reading is

A) lower than 80%.
B) 80% to 90%.
C) 90% to 92%.
D) 95% or higher.

Question 47

A microorganism that is exceedingly pathogenic or deadly is said to be highly __________.

Question 48

Which of the following tests is performed to diagnose a pulmonary abnormality?

A) Mantoux test
B) Chest x-ray
C) Bronchoscopy
D) PFT
E) None of the above

Question 49

The medical term for a low level of oxygen in the blood is __________.

Question 50

A collection of air in the pleural space that results in atelectasis is called a(n) __________.

Question 51

If pus accumulates in the pleural space, the patient is diagnosed with __________.

Question 52

The medical term for dilation of the bronchioles is __________.

Question 53

A surgical procedure of the chest cavity is called a(n) __________.

Question 54

What is the initial treatment regimen for active pulmonary TB recommended by the CDC?

A) 9 months of daily isoniazid (INH)
B) 12-dose regimen of INH and rifapentine (RPT)
C) Rifampin (RIF) daily for 4 months
D) INH, RIF, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol daily for 2 months

Question 55

Early symptoms of which of the following diseases are easily masked by symptoms regularly displayed by habitual smokers?

A) Lung cancer
B) Carcinoma of the larynx
C) Emphysema
D) All of the above

Question 56

A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the throat for breathing is called a(n) __________.

Question 57

Bronchoscopy provides an endoscopic view of which of the following structures?

A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Bronchi
D) All of the above

Question 58

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs is called __________.

Question 59

Risk factors for developing obstructive sleep apnea include all of the following except

A) fat or thick neck.
B) enlarged adenoids or tonsils.
C) female gender.
D) family history of sleep apnea.
E) alcohol consumption or sedative use.

Question 60

A patient with an elevated level of carbon dioxide in the blood is said to have __________.

Question 61

Emphysema results from overinflation of alveoli and difficulty with inspiration.

Question 62

Pulse oximetry provides the physician with the oxygen saturation level of the arterial blood without the need for an arterial blood sample.

Question 63

The _________________ is determined by having the patient breathe in and out as frequently as possible in 15 seconds.

Question 64

The CDC recommends that active pulmonary TB be treated with a single antibiotic for 6 months.

Question 65

The best time for sputum specimen collection is first thing in the morning.

Question 66

A 28-year-old patient recently diagnosed with asthma needs reinforcement on how to use his rescue inhaler accurately. List and explain four important steps in the use of an MDI that should be included in patient teaching.

Question 67

Pneumonia is most often seen in young children and the elderly.

Question 68

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled with normal respiration is the __________.

Question 69

The correct term for recording the symptom of an abnormally rapid respiratory rate is __________.

Question 70

The treatment for viral pneumonia is palliative.

Question 71

__________ is measured by instructing the patient to inhale deeply and exhale completely without forcing the exhalation.

Question 72

Individuals exposed to TB have a positive PPD result for the rest of their lives.

Question 73

Tuberculosis is a serious national health threat. Explain the difference between latent and active TB.

Question 74

Discuss the recommended treatment for individuals exposed to TB who have a negative sputum culture compared with the recommended treatment for individuals diagnosed with active TB.

Question 75

Carly Appleton, a 16-year-old patient with asthma, needs instruction on performing peak flow readings at home. She has never used a peak flow meter and doesn't understand why the doctor wants her to treat asthma symptoms based on meter readings. Explain the purpose of the meter and the steps for its use.

Question 76

A diagnosis of TB is confirmed with a chest x-ray examination.

Question 77

A positive TB test result indicates that the patient is in the primary infection stage of the disease.

Question 78

Pneumoconioses typically are seen in patients with industrial occupations.

Question 79

Document the following case using the correct respiratory system terms.
You are gathering a patient history on a new patient, who tells you that she was hospitalized 2 years ago for a collapsed lung. Her signs and symptoms included difficulty breathing; bloody sputum; and rapid, labored respirations; she also had to sit up to breathe comfortably. She says that the physician at the hospital told her she had a collection of air in the space surrounding her lung that also contained pus. She developed sharp pain each time she breathed and had to have chest surgery to repair the problem.

Question 80

A patient diagnosed with TB frequently experiences __________, which is bloody sputum.