Deck 12: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The myocardium is

A)the major portion of the heart.
B)made largely of cardiac muscle tissue.
C)the endocardium.
D)Both the major portion of the heart and made largely of cardiac muscle tissue.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

A)It is located in the mediastinum.
B)The base rests on the diaphragm.
C)It connects the systemic and pulmonary circuits.
D)It slants more to the left.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What vessels carry oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange?

A)Pulmonary arteries
B)Pulmonary veins
C)Aorta and coronary arteries
D)Superior and inferior vena cavas

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the function of the heart valves?

A)To push blood
B)To prevent the backflow of blood
C)To stimulate the heart
D)To give support to the heart

Question 5

As blood leaves the right atrium,it passes through the ______ valve to the right ventricle.

A)tricuspid
B)pulmonary semilunar
C)mitral
D)bicuspid

Question 6

Which are the strongest pumping chambers?

A)Atria
B)Ventricles

Question 7

What vessels carry oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium?

A)Superior and inferior vena cavae
B)Pulmonary veins
C)Pulmonary arteries
D)Both superior and inferior vena cavae and pulmonary veins

Question 8

The visceral pericardium also forms the ________ of the heart wall.

A)epicardium
B)myocardium
C)endocardium

Question 9

Which lists the proper order of the layers of the heart wall from outermost (superficial)to innermost (deep)?

A)Endocardium,myocardium,epicardium
B)Epicardium,myocardium,endocardium
C)Myocardium,epicardium,endocardium

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a vessel that empties into the right atrium?

A)Inferior vena cava
B)Superior vena cava
C)Coronary sinus
D)Pulmonary veins

Question 11

What valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A)Pulmonary semilunar valve
B)Tricuspid valve
C)Bicuspid valve
D)Aortic semilunar valve

Question 12

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker myocardial wall?

A)It has to pump blood to the lungs.
B)It has to pump blood to the body.
C)It has to pump blood to the left atrium.
D)It has to pump blood to the liver.

Question 13

The aorta

A)receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B)carries oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D)carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 14

The left atrium

A)receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B)pumps oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D)pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart?

A)Serves as an endocrine gland
B)Creates blood pressure
C)Keeps oxygen-poor blood separated from oxygen-rich blood
D)Maintains the acidity level of the blood

Question 16

What is the name of the extensions of the ventricular myocardium that prevent the valves from opening into the atria?

A)Chordae tendinae
B)Interventricular septum
C)Interatrial septum
D)Papillary muscles

Question 17

Which chamber pumps the blood to the body through the systemic circuit?

A)Right atrium
B)Left atrium
C)Right ventricle
D)Left ventricle

Question 18

What is pericarditis?

A)Inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart
B)Inflammation of the heart valves
C)Inflammation of the outermost layer of the heart
D)High blood pressure

Question 19

The right atrium

A)receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B)pumps oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D)pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 20

What structures anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles of the ventricle walls?

A)Interatrial septum
B)Auricles
C)Chordae tendinae
D)Coronary sinus

Question 21

What are the first blood vessels to branch from the aorta as it leaves the heart?

A)Pulmonary arteries
B)Pulmonary veins
C)Coronary arteries
D)Coronary veins

Question 22

The pathway from the lungs,through the left side of the heart and out the aorta to the body tissues is called the

A)pulmonary circuit.
B)coronary circulation.
C)systemic circuit.
D)hepatic-portal system.

Question 23

An area other than the SA node can become the pacemaker.This area is called a(an)

A)heart block.
B)intrinsic conduction system.
C)ectopic pacemaker.
D)interventricular septum.

Question 24

The heart sounds are due to the

A)valves closing.
B)heart contraction.
C)heart relaxing.
D)blood flowing.

Question 25

Which of the following vessels carries blood with a high oxygen content?

A)Aorta
B)Pulmonary veins
C)Pulmonary arteries
D)Both the aorta and pulmonary veins

Question 26

In an ECG,the QRS complex represents

A)depolarization of the atria.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 27

The myocardium obtains oxygen and nutrients from

A)blood in the left ventricle.
B)the coronary arteries.
C)the cardiac vein.
D)the carotid artery.

Question 28

In an ECG,the P wave represents

A)depolarization of the atria.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 29

The correct sequence in the conduction system of the heart is

A)Purkinje fibers,AV bundle,bundle branches.
B)AV node,SA node,Purkinje fibers.
C)SA node,AV node,AV bundle,bundle branches,Purkinje fibers.
D)AV node,bundle branches,SA node,Purkinje fibers.

Question 30

The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing backwards into the

A)right atrium.
B)left atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)left ventricle.

Question 31

The pathway from the superior and inferior vena cavae,through the right side of the heart to the lungs is called the

A)pulmonary circuit.
B)coronary circulation.
C)systemic circuit.
D)hepatic-portal system.

Question 32

The first heart sound,"lub," is made by

A)closure of the AV valves.
B)closure of the semilunar valves.
C)contraction of the ventricles.
D)contraction of the atria.

Question 33

Which of the following represents the correct sequence when tracing the path of blood from the superior or inferior vena cava to the lungs?

A)left atrium,pulmonary semilunar valve,left ventricle,mitral valve,pulmonary arteries
B)right atrium,tricuspid valve,right ventricle,pulmonary semilunar valve,pulmonary arteries
C)tricuspid valve,right atrium,aortic semilunar valve,right ventricle,pulmonary veins
D)pulmonary semilunar valve,right atrium,mitral valve,right ventricle,pulmonary veins

Question 34

What structural component of cardiac muscle cells allows for electrical current to flow from cell to cell?

A)Tight junctions
B)Gap junctions
C)Adhesion junction

Question 35

The sound of a heart murmur is created from

A)acid reflux in the esophagus.
B)fluid in the lungs.
C)leaky heart valves.
D)a hiccup.

Question 36

What acts as a pacemaker,initiating the heartbeat?

A)Nerves
B)AV node
C)SA node
D)Brain

Question 37

The pulmonary vein

A)carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to the left atrium.
B)carries oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D)carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 38

What is the condition in which the heart impulses are too slow to maintain circulation?

A)Heart block
B)Arrhythmia
C)Ectopic pacemaker.
D)Incompetent valve.

Question 39

The second heart sound,"dup," is caused by the

A)closing of the AV valves.
B)closing of the mitral valve.
C)closing of the semilunar valves.
D)contraction of the ventricles.

Question 40

In an ECG,the T wave represents

A)depolarization of the atria.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 41

The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute is the

A)stroke volume.
B)heart rate.
C)cardiac output.
D)cardiac cycle.

Question 42

The cardioregulatory center is located in the

A)cerebrum.
B)cerebellum.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.

Question 43

Which chambers contract simultaneously?

A)Two atria
B)Right atrium and right ventricle
C)All chambers contract simultaneously.
D)All chambers contract individually.

Question 44

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes the heart rate to

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
D)increase,then decrease.

Question 45

When is the first sound of the heartbeat produced?

A)Beginning of atrial systole
B)Beginning of atrial diastole
C)Beginning of ventricular systole
D)Beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 46

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart causes the heart rate to

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
D)increase,then decrease.

Question 47

A heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

A)tachycardia.
B)fibrillation.
C)bradycardia.
D)ectopic.

Question 48

An increase in heart rate would ______ cardiac output.

A)decrease
B)increase

Question 49

During atrial systole,the AV valves are ______ and the semilunar valves are _____.

A)closed;open
B)closed;closed
C)open;closed
D)open;open

Question 50

Calculate the cardiac output in an individual whose stroke volume is 0.075 L and heart rate is 70.

A)933
B)5.25
C)70.075
D)69.925

Question 51

Cardiac output is equal to

A)heart rate $\times$ stroke volume.
B)heart rate / stroke volume.
C)stroke volume + heart rate.
D)stroke volume - heart rate

Question 52

During ventricular systole,the AV valves _______ and the semilunar valves _____.

A)close;open
B)close;close
C)open;close
D)open;open

Question 53

The cardiac output is dependent on

A)heart rate.
B)respiration rate.
C)stroke volume
D)Both heart rate and stroke volume are correct.

Question 54

A decrease in stroke volume would ______ cardiac output.

A)decrease
B)increase

Question 55

Systole refers to

A)relaxation.
B)contraction.
C)stimulation.

Question 56

The cardiac output of an average human is about _______ L per ventricle per minute.

A)0.5
B)1.0
C)5.0
D)50

Question 57

Diastole refers to

A)relaxation.
B)contraction.
C)stimulation.

Question 58

A heart rate below 60 beats per minute is called

A)tachycardia.
B)fibrillation.
C)bradycardia.
D)ectopic.

Question 59

When is the second sound of the heartbeat produced?

A)Beginning of atrial systole
B)Beginning of atrial diastole
C)Beginning of ventricular systole
D)Beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 60

What type of receptors,found in the aorta and common carotids arteries,send information to the cardioregulatory center to control heart rate?

A)Proprioceptors
B)Nociceptors
C)Baroreceptors
D)Photoreceptors

Question 61

The heart must be stimulated by the nervous system to contract.

Question 62

Endothelium,with its basement membrane,is found in the

A)tunica media.
B)tunica externa.
C)tunica muscularis.
D)tunica interna.

Question 63

Hypertension will cause ventricular contractions to become stronger to overcome the higher blood pressure.

Question 64

Which of the following does NOT affect the stroke volume of the heart?

A)Oxygen concentration of the blood
B)Strength of contraction of the ventricles
C)Blood electrolyte concentration
D)Venous return to the right atrium

Question 65

Pain in the chest area caused by reduced blood flow to the heart is called

A)myocardial infarction.
B)atherosclerosis.
C)angina pectoris.
D)thromboembolism.

Question 66

Blockage of coronary arteries kills heart muscle.This is called a(n)

A)angina pectoris.
B)myocardial infarction.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)coronary bypass.

Question 67

All capillary beds in the body are open all the time.

Question 68

An increase in blood pressure will cause reflex ___________ of the heart rate.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)no change
D)increase,then decrease

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of arteriosclerosis?

A)Low-level bacterial or viral infections
B)Smoking
C)High cholesterol
D)Hypotension

Question 70

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest,most muscular walls?

A)Arteries
B)Arterioles
C)Capillaries
D)Veins

Question 71

An increase in venous return will ______ stroke volume and ___________ the strength of contraction.

A)increase;increase
B)increase;decrease
C)decrease;decrease
D)decrease;increase

Question 72

What is the leading cause of heart attack and stroke in North America?

A)Alcohol
B)Smoking
C)Arteriosclerosis
D)Hypertension

Question 73

Which is the correct order of the tissue layers in large blood vessels,from superficial (outermost)to deep (innermost)?

A)Tunica interna,tunica media,tunica externa
B)Tunica externa,tunica interna,tunica media
C)Tunica externa,tunica media,tunica interna
D)Tunica media,tunica externa,tunica interna

Question 74

What type of vessel consists of one layer of endothelial cells?

A)Arteries
B)Veins
C)Capillaries
D)Arterioles

Question 75

The adjustment of the contraction of the heart to changes in venous return is known as the

A)ECG.
B)Frank-Starling law.
C)cardiac cycle.
D)cardiac circuit.

Question 76

A fever will generally cause the heart rate to

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
D)increase,then decrease.

Question 77

_______ carry blood away from the heart.

A)Arteries
B)Veins
C)Capillaries

Question 78

__________ carry blood to the heart.

A)Veins
B)Arteries
C)Capillaries

Question 79

Constriction and dilation of smooth muscle in ________ is used to control blood pressure.

A)capillaries
B)venules
C)arteries
D)arterioles

Question 80

The only location of gas,nutrient,and waste exchange is in the

A)veins.
B)arteries.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)arterioles.