Deck 7: Language, problem-Solving, and Intelligence

Question 1

Male vs.female on multiple intelligences When rating their own and the other gender's intellectual abilities,men rated themselves as higher in:

A)interpersonal
B)naturalistic
C)verbal
D)musical.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Communication predicament model According to the Communication _______________ Model,older adults become less cognitively capable when they are spoken to in a condescending manner.

A)Problem
B)Predicament
C)Practice
D)Preference

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Executive functioning and driving Which executive functioning do you rely most heavily upon while driving?

A)Listening to warnings.
B)Observing road signs.
C)Turning the wheel.
D)Planning your route.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Context and language By using ___________ to guide them,older adults can compensate for age-related changes in memory and speed when comprehending language.

A)spelling
B)retrieval
C)context
D)reminiscence

Question 5

Elderspeak example- choice While checking in on an older adult patient whose husband is visiting her in the hospital,a nurse's aide finds them holding hands and kissing.The aide immediately laughs and says "That's so cute!" What is the aide's behavior referred to in the psychology of aging?

A)Geriaphobia
B)Oldism
C)Elderspeak
D)Dialectism

Question 6

Perseveration Due to the tendency to engage in _______________,many older adults repeat the same words on tests of verbal fluency when they are asked to produce words that all begin with the same letter.

A)task-switching
B)assimilation
C)perserveration
D)inhibition

Question 7

Trail-making test The Trail Making Test is used in a neuropsychological assessment to evaluate the older adult's:

A)naturalistic intelligence.
B)frontal lobe functioning.
C)frustration tolerance.
D)visual memory.

Question 8

Transfer Through videogame training,researchers hope one day to demonstrate that the improvements in skills acquired in these platforms will help older adults improve in their everyday lives,a process known as:

A)perseveration
B)comprehension
C)induction
D)transfer.

Question 9

Paralinguistic elements and compensation By interpreting the paralinguistic elements of speech,such as _________________,older adults can compensate for not hearing every word spoken to them in a conversation.

A)gestures
B)grammar
C)semantics
D)punctuation

Question 10

Neuropsychological assessment A trained neuropsychologist assessing older adults is likely to use which type of procedures?

A)Administering the same 10 tests to all clients.
B)Giving most tests in a group format before assessing individuals.
C)Tailoring the assessment to the client's age and symptoms.
D)Asking the individual's family to assist in testing.

Question 11

Task-switching as measure of executive functioning In neuropsychological tests called ___________________,the examiner changes the nature of the judgments that the older adult must produce.

A)verbal fluency
B)task-switching
C)digit symbol
D)trailmaking

Question 12

Elderspeak example- stem Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery.Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:

A)Mr.Nino
B)Honey
C)Al
D)Dear

Question 13

Behaviors to note when administering the WAIS-IV As noted in the text,when administering the WAIS-IV to an older adult,the examiner is instructed to note such factors as:

A)room temperature.
B)gender differences.
C)sense of humor.
D)vision problems.

Question 14

Neuroplasticity in language (HAROLD model) Consistent with the ____________ model of aging and neuroplasticity,older adults are able to compensate by using the right hemisphere in processing language instead of the left.

A)HAROLD
B)WAIS
C)PMAT
D)PASA

Question 15

PMAT vs.WAIS-IV Unlike the WAIS-IV,the PMAT also assesses an individual's:

A)word fluency.
B)processing speed.
C)memory.
D)personality.

Question 16

WAIS-IV scale of Perceptual Reasoning A WAIS-IV test that measures the ability called Perceptual Reasoning is:

A)Symbol Search.
B)Block Design.
C)Digit Span.
D)Comprehension.

Question 17

Language and working memory Changes in which cognitive function may affect the ability of older adults to put words together,while speaking,into a sentence?

A)semantic memory
B)visualization
C)working memory
D)task-switching

Question 18

WAIS-IV scale of Digit Span The Digit Span scale on the WAIS-IV measures which intellectual ability?

A)Processing Speed
B)Perceptual Reasoning
C)Working Memory
D)Number Manipulation

Question 19

Communication predicatment model and elderspeak The communication predicament model is associated with which type of language directed toward older adults?

A)elderspeak
B)gerontophication.
C)dialecticism.
D)formal operationism.

Question 20

Executive functioning- choice The abilities to plan,use working memory,allocate mental resources to incoming tasks,and inhibit information are included in the cognitive skill known in psychology as:

A)executive functioning.
B)organizational aptitude.
C)everyday problem-solving.
D)crystallized intelligence.

Question 21

Adult learners The majority of adults ages 60 and older in the U.S.reportedly take adult education courses because they seek:

A)career advancement.
B)second or third degrees.
C)personal interest.
D)interactions with the young.

Question 22

Mental clutter The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to:

A)speak in an adult-like manner.
B)focus on the gist of a story.
C)inhibit irrelevant information.
D)repeat the same word over and over.

Question 23

Bilingualism and aging on task-switching Bilingual adults benefit because the task-switching required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:

A)everyday problem-solving
B)crystallized intelligence
C)working memory
D)executive functioning

Question 24

Problem-solving changes in older adults In research on the attraction effect in problem solving,the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

A)advertising
B)personal taste
C)extraneous factors
D)price

Question 25

Formal operations The thinking involved in Piaget's stage of formal operations involves which type of ability?

A)Solving problems with new techniques.
B)Using abstract symbols and logic.
C)Finding new,undefined problems.
D)Understanding interpersonal relations.

Question 26

CHC model of visual processing In the CHC model of intelligence,length estimation would be considered a measure of:

A)processing speed.
B)quantitative knowledge.
C)visual processing.
D)reaction and decision speed.

Question 27

Bilingualism and aging on Stroop Older bilingual speakers show performance deficits on which measure of executive functioning?

A)task-switching
B)Wisconsin card-sorting
C)Stroop task
D)spatial reasoning.

Question 28

Previous experience and problem-solving As shown in research on decision-making,one advantage that older problem-solvers seems to possess involves their greater ability to make the most out of:

A)timed performance.
B)finding alternative solutions.
C)advice from other people.
D)information from prior experience.

Question 29

Problems with instructions Instruction manuals that use terms that are ________ are particularly challenging for older adults.

A)specific
B)concrete
C)vague
D)well-defined

Question 30

Dialectical thinking and post-formal operations The term dialectical thinking applies most closely to which concept based on Piaget's theory?

A)Formal operations
B)Logical thought
C)Post-formal operations
D)Fluid intelligence

Question 31

Classic aging pattern The idea that intelligence tests such as the WAIS-IV show a peak in overall IQ in early adulthood is called the ____________ pattern.

A)classic aging
B)general factor
C)reserve capacity
D)Berlin wisdom

Question 32

Cohort effects in SLS An analysis of cohort effects in the SLS by Gerstorf and colleagues showed that later-born cohorts had higher scores than earlier-born cohorts on almost all measures,suggesting the effect of:

A)years of education.
B)cardiovascular disease rates.
C)exposure to technology.
D)global climate change.

Question 33

Infantilization Older adults subjected to the process called _____________ are likely to view themselves as unable to carry out activities for themselves.

A)dialectics
B)testing the limits
C)infantilization
D)pragmatization

Question 34

Stages in problem-solving A technical repairperson is trying to determine the cause of a recent outage.The first step in the problem-solving is needed to repair the damage is for the repairperson to:

A)use trial-and-error to check for causes.
B)assess the situation by evaluating all relevant factors.
C)determine the efficacy of each solution used.
D)try out different approaches until one fixes the problem.

Question 35

Crystallized increase example While playing "Words with Friends" with her 72-year-old grandmother,Frieda Lay is shocked to find that she is losing badly because her grandmother just seems to know so many more words.Frieda's grandmother is illustrating the fact that:

A)older adults are superior to younger adults in inductive reasoning.
B)later life is associated with much faster response speed.
C)secondary abilities improve but primary abilities decline in later life.
D)crystallized intelligence rises throughout adulthood into the 70s.

Question 36

CHC model third level In the CHC model of intelligence,the third level is considered to be:

A)specific skills.
B)pragmatic wisdom.
C)general ability.
D)visualization.

Question 37

Types of problems Problems in everyday life that are the easiest to solve for older adults are those that:

A)involve definite,well-stated goals.
B)are stated in vague or ambiguous terms.
C)require using an unusual or novel strategy.
D)place heavy demands on vocabulary skills.

Question 38

Everyday problems In solving everyday problems,older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?

A)Faster response times on problems requiring math.
B)Superior ability to analyze problems involving logic.
C)Better ability to handle problems described in writing.
D)Higher scores on problems of an interpersonal nature.

Question 39

SLS measures The measure of intelligence on which the SLS findings are based is the:

A)WAIS-IV.
B)CHC.
C)Gf-Gc.
D)PMAT.

Question 40

Attraction effect- stem In research on the attraction effect in problem solving,the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

A)advertising
B)personal taste
C)extraneous factors
D)product price

Question 41

Personality and intelligence The SLS showed that people least likely to retain their intellectual abilities in later adulthood were low on the personality factor of:

A)reserve capacity
B)life complexity.
C)dialectical thinking.
D)formal operations.

Question 42

Reserve capacity The idea of reserve capacity in research on aging and intelligence is very similar to the concept of ____________ in the nervous system.

A)fallout
B)preservation
C)plasticity
D)complexity

Question 43

Gender differences in intelligence Women show greater decreases across adulthood than men except on the _____________ scale of the WAIS-IV.

A)Digit Symbol
B)Similarities
C)Block Design
D)Matrix Reasoning

Question 44

Mechanics of intelligence In the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm,working memory would be considered to represent the __________ of intelligence.

A)mechanics
B)contextualization
C)pragmatics
D)relativism

Question 45

Wisdom and fluid intelligence In research on the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm by Grossman and colleagues,the older adults who were seen by others as wise had lower scores on a measure of:

A)fluid intelligence.
B)vocabulary knowledge.
C)general information.
D)life complexity.

Question 46

Berlin Wisdom Paradigm The Berlin Wisdom Paradigm emphasizes which quality of intelligence?

A)mechanics
B)multidimensional
C)pragmatics
D)crystallized

Question 47

Pragmatics of intelligence The pragmatics of intelligence,in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm,emphasizes which type of abilities?

A)Understanding the role of culture
B)Solving real-life problems
C)Being able to respond quickly
D)Having a strong working memory

Question 48

Whitehall II findings The findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to:

A)drink moderate amounts of alcohol.
B)live very close to their children.
C)exercise a moderate amount.
D)consume large amounts of fruits and vegetables.

Question 49

Testing the limits In the procedure known as testing the limits,researchers studying the aging process try to:

A)provide cognitive training until they show no more improvements.
B)challenge older adults to push themselves physically.
C)ask older adults to complete a large number of ability measures.
D)encourage older adults to work slowly and carefully.

Question 50

Teachers and intelligence Higher scores on verbal fluency and working memory were found among a sample of people employed as __________ in a study carried out in the Netherlands.

A)physicians
B)teachers
C)nurses
D)architects