Deck 8: Personality and Patterns of Coping

Question 1

Safe haven Research on attachment styles in older adults shows that older adults have a variety of sources of security which provide a(n)_____________ when they are experiencing distress.

A)emotional island
B)mental respite
C)safe haven
D)self affirmation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Redemptive self and generativity The notion of the "redemptive self," as proposed by McAdams comes closest to which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

A)Generativity
B)Autonomy
C)Ego integrity
D)Identity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Integrated stage in Loevinger's theory The adult's ability to express the true "inner self" is associated with which stage of development in Loevinger's theory?

A)Postformal
B)Integrated
C)Conscientious
D)Autonomous

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Avoidant attachment style A 34-year-old woman is struggling to overcome her extreme anxiety that her friends will desert her,so she tends to stay away from making new friendships.According to the attachment style perspective,she would be considered to be _________ in her attachment style.

A)avoidant.
B)resistant.
C)secure.
D)autonomous.

Question 5

Results from Mills and Radcliffe studies In longitudinal research on ego development in women conducted by Helson and her colleagues at Mills College,the results showed that during the years of adulthood,women decreased in:

A)feelings of independence.
B)degree of self-control.
C)perceived femininity.
D)self-rated leadership.

Question 6

Conscientiousness-conformist Because most adults in our society have internalized society's norms about what's right and wrong but do not necessarily have a true conscience,personality theorist Loevinger believed that they fall into the _______________ stage of ego development.

A)Introverted-Extraverted
B)Assimilation-Accommodation
C)Autonomy-shame/doubt
D)Conscientious-Conformist

Question 7

Aging Today- depressive realism As pointed out in "Aging Today," people who view their situations in life honestly,if not with a slight sense of worry,can be considered high in:

A)neurotic sadness.
B)negative emotionalism.
C)depressive realism.
D)affective dysregulation.

Question 8

Diffuse identity status and drug/delinquent behaviors Research on identity in emerging adults suggests that those who are most likely to engage in delinquent and drug-related behaviors are in which identity status?

A)Achieved
B)Moratorium
C)Diffuse
D)Foreclosed

Question 9

Quiet ego changes As people get older they should,according to Bauer,care less about themselves and more about others,an increase in what he calls:

A)quiet ego.
B)foreclosed identity.
C)secure attachment.
D)possible selves.

Question 10

Identity statuses- foreclosed In Erikson's theory,emerging adults who arrive at commitments but do not evaluate alternative commitments would be in which identity status?

A)Foreclosure.
B)Achieved.
C)Diffuse.
D)Moratorium.

Question 11

Immature defense mechanism example A 27-year-old graduate student finds out that he failed his comprehensive exams,an experience that would normally be extremely anxiety-provoking.However,instead of becoming openly upset,he goes out drinking with his friends that night and never even mentions the failure.Even the next day,he doesn't actually act like anything has gone wrong with his career.Vaillant would classify this as an example of a(n):

A)identity vs.identity diffusion crisis.
B)self-actualization threat.
C)insecure attachment style.
D)immature defense mechanism.

Question 12

RALS used hierarchical linear modeling Because it studied patterns of individual changes over time,the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study (RALS)on psychosocial development used the multivariate correlational method known as:

A)logistic regression.
B)analysis of variance.
C)hierarchical linear modeling.
D)meta-analysis.

Question 13

RALS used sequential method Using sequential methods made it possible for the RALS to investigate the role of ____________ in psychosocial development.

A)gender
B)race
C)marital status
D)cohort

Question 14

Gender differences in defense mechanisms In comparing men and women on defense mechanisms,researchers find that women are more likely than men to engage in which approach to handling stress or anxiety?

A)self-blame
B)reaction formation
C)denial
D)acting out

Question 15

Attachment theory perspective Attachment theory fits into the ______________ perspective in personality and aging.

A)social cognitive
B)identity process
C)five-factor
D)psychodynamic

Question 16

Defense mechanisms in psychodynamic theory A major emphasis of psychodynamic theory is understanding the use of ________________ in adulthood.

A)defense mechanisms
B)traits
C)cognitive processes
D)five factors

Question 17

Mature defense mechanisms in Vaillant's theory In Vaillant's ego psychology theory of personality,older adults are more likely to show which type of adaptation to the/stress in the/ir lives?

A)Conscientious-conformist.
B)Identity accommodation.
C)Mature defense mechanism.
D)Insecure attachment style.

Question 18

Ego psychology basic concept The "ego" in ego psychology approaches to adult development and aging refers to the fact that these theories emphasize:

A)inborn traits or constitutional dispositions.
B)biological patterns of responding to stimuli.
C)learned habits acquired through reinforcement.
D)a structure in personality proposed by Freudian theory.

Question 19

Triumphant trail A 56-year old man has struggled with psychological disorder throughout his entire life,but he has finally managed to overcome his symptoms enough to establish himself in his community as a member of the town council.He has also found happiness in a committed relationship with a woman and they are talking about getting married.This man would fit which life pathway as described from research on the RALS?

A)Triumphant Trail.
B)Meandering Way.
C)Authentic Road.
D)Straight and Narrow.

Question 20

Authentic Road example- choice A 60-year-old accountant feels satisfied with the life choices she's made even though she's still open to making changes in the future.Which of the five pathways in the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study best describes her?

A)Authentic Road
B)Meandering Way
C)Triumphant Trail
D)Straight and Narrow

Question 21

Research on socioemotional selectivity theory Supporting the theory known as ____________,Isaacowitz's research on eye movements showed that older people prefer to look at the happy parts of a face.

A)trait pattern stability
B)socioemotional selectivity
C)intrapsychic preference
D)identity process.

Question 22

Type A and cardiovascular disease In the Type A behavior pattern,high scores on hostility seem strongly related to which health outcome?

A)Respiratory illness
B)Major depression
C)Cardiovascular disease
D)Hearing loss

Question 23

Meta-analysis of personality trait studies A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on aging and the Five Factor Model revealed that,across many of these studies,individuals increased up until the age of about 40 in which trait?

A)neuroticism
B)psychopathology
C)disagreeableness
D)social dominance

Question 24

Conscientiousness and drugs The personality trait within the Five Factor Model found to predict smoking and drug use in adulthood is:

A)Agreeableness
B)Conscientiousness
C)Extraversion
D)Introversion

Question 25

Socioemotional selectivity theory choice- stem The amount of time a person has left to live is an important factor in personality according to which theory of development?

A)normative influence
B)secure attachment
C)socioemotional selectivity
D)ego integrity

Question 26

Possible self- choice The idea of what you could become at some point in the future is known as your:

A)attachment style.
B)life structure.
C)possible self.
D)ego integrity.

Question 27

Type A and cardiovascular disease- example A behavioral health specialist working on a cardiologist's hospital team is called in to conduct a session with a new patient.After determining that the patient fits the Type A Behavior Pattern,what would be the best way for her to try to help this patient decrease his future heart disease risk?

A)Start a program of family therapy
B)Teach him to be less agreeable
C)Help him act out his feelings
D)Work on reducing his hostility.

Question 28

Correspondence principle- stem According to the correspondence principle,personality __________ is enhanced over adulthood because people selectively experience life events that reinforce their existing personalities.

A)stability
B)change
C)identity
D)change

Question 29

Correspondence principle- choice The ________________ principle would predict that,over time,a highly agreeable person would be more liked by other people,which would further increase that person's agreeableness over the years of adulthood.

A)accommodation
B)generativity
C)correspondence
D)stability

Question 30

Emotion-focused example- choice A 62-year-old woman was told by her physician,much to her own distress,that she needs to lose 15 pounds in order to reduce her risk of developing diabetes.Instead of following the physician's advice,though,she instead tries to make herself feel better by minimizing the importance of what she's just heard.This way of coping with stress is known as:

A)problem-focused.
B)support seeking.
C)emotion-focused.
D)possible self-affirmation.

Question 31

Socioemotional selectivity theory research Studies testing the predictions of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory involving eye tracking measurements while people look at facial stimuli note that younger adults,compared to older adults,are more likely to focus on parts of the face showing:

A)happiness
B)delight
C)joy
D)anger

Question 32

Prevention and personality Research conducted by Lodi-Smith comparing personality and preventive behaviors found that observer-rated personality traits were correlated with which measure relevant to health?

A)Type A behavior
B)smoking
C)education
D)blood pressure

Question 33

Affective functions of relationships As pointed out in socioemotional selectivity theory,people who value the _________ function of their relationships are likely to seek advice and practical tips from the people with whom they spend time.

A)affective
B)informational
C)mood-regulating
D)emotional

Question 34

NEO-PI-R- stem Researchers and clinicians use the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R)to study the _____________ model of personality in adulthood.

A)attachment style
B)ego development
C)five factor
D)defense mechanism

Question 35

Conscientiousness and IL-6 Lower levels of IL-6 were associated in research on the MIDUS with which FFM personality trait?

A)hostility
B)openness
C)conscientiousness
D)agreeableness

Question 36

Socioemotional selectivity theory - stem Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that we feel closer to ____________ as we get closer to the end of our lives.

A)casual acquaintances
B)our best friends
C)extended family
D)political leaders

Question 37

Problem-focused coping- stem People who use problem-focused coping are most likely to try to change ____________ when faced with a stressor.

A)their mood
B)the facts
C)their thoughts
D)the situation

Question 38

Resilience- choice The quality of _______________ refers being able to the ability to recover from stress.

A)extraversion
B)correspondence
C)resilience
D)attachment

Question 39

Trait perspective general The Five Factor model of personality fits into which overall category of psychological theories?

A)trait
B)neo-behaviorist
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 40

Hostility and heart disease A cardiologist/Dr.Al Fresco/ sees many middle-aged and older patients who suffer from heart disease and all seem to share a certain personality trait.Based on longitudinal research on adults from college through midlife,which personality trait is this likely to be?

A)hostility
B)conscientiousness
C)dutifulness
D)openness to experience

Question 41

Midlife crisis research on women In a large scale review of studies on midlife in women,the findings showed support for the idea that:

A)women experience a midlife crisis earlier than do men.
B)more women than men experience a midlife crisis.
C)the midlife crisis affects only unmarried women.
D)stage in midlife did not predict any outcome measures.

Question 42

Life structure- choice The patterning of an individual's personal development,occupation,family roles,religion,friendships,and religion at a particular point in time is referred to by Levinson as the:

A)life structure.
B)identity process.
C)coping style.
D)possible self.

Question 43

Self-efficacy and problem-focused People high in self-efficacy are likely to adapt to stress by using which type of coping methods?

A)affect regulation
B)problem-focused
C)secure attachment
D)emotion-focused

Question 44

Life story The inner narrative that people create of their experiences up to the present point is called the:

A)life structure.
B)feared self.
C)life story.
D)daily diary.

Question 45

American Beauty as example of mid-life crisis The movie "American Beauty" famously depicted a character intended to be involved in the process known as:

A)midlife crisis.
B)socioemotional selectivity.
C)introversion transition.
D)possible self-seeking.

Question 46

Identity accommodation and self-esteem In later life,people who are low in self-esteem tend to be those who use the identity process of:

A)assimilation
B)balance
C)mistrust
D)accommodation

Question 47

Percent who state they have a midlife crisis A large-scale survey of adults from MIDUS showed that ______% indicated they had experienced a "midlife" crisis,though the ages associated with that crisis showed a wide range.

A)95
B)57
C)78
D)26