Deck 15: Individual Behavior

Question 1

A person who lacks conscientiousness focuses on what can be accomplished and meets commitments.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The sensing vs.intuitive dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses whether a person tends to rely on logic or emotions in dealing with problems.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Impression management is the systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A person with high openness to experience has low curiosity.

Question 5

An open person is broad-minded,receptive to new things,and comfortable with change.

Question 6

Perception affects the impressions we form about ourselves,other people,and daily life experiences.

Question 7

A person with a "low-Mach" personality is viewed as exploitative and unconcerned about others,often acting with the assumption that the end justifies the means.

Question 8

A Type A personality feels guilty when relaxing.

Question 9

One of the tactics of impression management states that employees should avoid smiling when engaged in conversations as this creates personal bonds.

Question 10

Fundamental attribution error neglects possible internal explanations for the poor-quality work.

Question 11

A high self-monitor is predictable and tends to act consistently regardless of circumstances.

Question 12

Halo effect errors often show up in performance evaluations.

Question 13

Locus of control is the belief that what happens is not within one's control.

Question 14

Stereotypes are always negative and ill-intended.

Question 15

Authoritarianism is the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences.

Question 16

A healthy psychological contract offers a balance between individual contributions made to the organization and inducements received.

Question 17

Self-serving bias explains personal failures by internal causes.

Question 18

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses personalities based on a questionnaire that probes into how people act or feel in various situations.

Question 19

Self-serving bias explains personal success by internal causes and personal failures by external causes.

Question 20

Under selective perception,information that makes us uncomfortable is screened out; comfortable information is allowed in.

Question 21

A ________ occurs when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.

A)projection
B)fundamental attribution error
C)selective perception
D)halo effect
E)stereotype

Question 22

A psychological contract refers to:

A)the loyalty of an employee to the organization.
B)the extent to which an individual is dedicated to a job.
C)the mental exhaustion from work stress.
D)a strong positive feeling about one's job and the organization.
E)the set of individual expectations about the employment relationship.

Question 23

Jerry,the manager of a research organization,believes that women avoid arithmetic and statistics,whereas men prefer such topics.This assumption made by Jerry is an example of a ________.

A)stereotype
B)self-serving bias
C)projection
D)fundamental attribution error
E)halo effect

Question 24

Selective perception refers to:

A)the tendency to define problems from one's own point of view.
B)the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.
C)using a single attribute to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.
D)the systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us.
E)assigning attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.

Question 25

Reese was given a promotion as she met all quality and productivity standards.However,she did not exhibit effective interpersonal skills in her new job role.She was promoted due to her performance skills without taking her people skills into consideration.Which of the following perceptual tendencies is displayed here?

A)Anchoring effect
B)Selective perception
C)Projection
D)Fundamental attribution error
E)Halo effect

Question 26

Job satisfaction is the degree to which an individual feels positive or negative about a job.

Question 27

Employee engagement refers to the willingness to "go beyond the call of duty" or "go the extra mile" in one's work.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about perceptions?

A)Perceptions have a marginal influence on individual behavior.
B)Perceptions will not have an impact on daily life experiences.
C)People perceive the same people,things,or situations differently.
D)People's perceptions are immune to their cultural background.
E)Perceptions refer to the desire to achieve or to accomplish something.

Question 29

Which of the following refers to attribution?

A)It is the set of individual expectations about the employment relationship.
B)It is the process of explaining events.
C)It is the process through which people receive,organize,and interpret information from the environment.
D)It is the tendency to define problems from one's own point of view.
E)It is the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.

Question 30

Which of the following is a consequence of an unbalanced psychological contract?

A)Eustress
B)Fundamental attribution error
C)Projection
D)Withdrawal
E)False sense of confidence

Question 31

The cognitive component of attitude reflects a belief or an opinion.

Question 32

Moods tend to be short term and clearly targeted.

Question 33

The affective component reflects an intention to behave in a manner consistent with the belief and feeling.

Question 34

________ involves the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.

A)Fundamental attribution error
B)Self-serving bias
C)Projection
D)Halo effect
E)Stereotype

Question 35

Oliver's performance at work was declining as he had to meet unrealistic targets daily.Though he was able to meet the targets,the quality of his work was not very good.His supervisor assumed that this was due to his lack of concentration and laziness.This scenario is an instance of a ________.

A)stereotype
B)halo effect
C)fundamental attribution error
D)projection
E)self-serving bias

Question 36

________ is the process through which people receive,organize,and interpret information from the environment.

A)Attribution
B)Perception
C)Projection
D)Conversion
E)Distortion

Question 37

The revenues of Edge Corporation had been low for the past few months.The finance department of the firm believed that the financial meltdown in their nation was the primary reason for the poor performance of the firm.They failed to consider any other reason for the poor revenues.Which of the following perceptual tendencies is displayed in this case?

A)Stereotype
B)Selective perception
C)Projection
D)Fundamental attribution error
E)Self-serving bias

Question 38

A ________ overestimates internal factors and underestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.

A)fundamental attribution error
B)stereotype
C)halo effect
D)projection
E)self-serving bias

Question 39

Ben,a team lead,is quick at understanding concepts and in executing projects.He assumes that all his coworkers have the same ability to complete projects.Which of the following perceptual tendencies is displayed here?

A)Stereotype
B)Selective perception
C)Fundamental attribution error
D)Self-serving bias
E)Projection

Question 40

Which of the following occurs when attributes commonly associated with a group are assigned to an individual?

A)Fundamental attribution error
B)Psychological contract
C)Selective perception
D)Self-serving bias
E)Stereotype

Question 41

Fred works for a financial consulting firm.He is generally manipulative and not concerned about the interests and values of his coworkers.He does not care about emotions and feelings and lacks basic social skills.This implies that Fred has:

A)high self-monitoring skills.
B)low authoritarianism.
C)a "high-Mach" personality.
D)high extraversion.
E)an internal locus of control.

Question 42

Which of the following is true of authoritarianism?

A)Authoritarianism is the system that opposes status differences.
B)An individual with an authoritarian personality tends to act rigidly and be control-oriented in a follower capacity.
C)An individual with an authoritarian personality is likely to be subservient and follow rules when in a leadership capacity.
D)People with authoritarian principles never act unethically or illegally.
E)Authoritarianism is the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences.

Question 43

Ashton is an employee with an internal locus of control.Which of the following characteristics would be observed in Ashton?

A)Self-confidence
B)Lack of job satisfaction
C)High alienation from work
D)Denial of responsibility for his poor work
E)Tendency to blame others for his negative feedback

Question 44

Which of the following is true of locus of control?

A)It is the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences.
B)People with an internal locus of control are more prone to blame others for what happens to them.
C)Individuals with an external locus of control are more self-confident and accept responsibility for their own actions.
D)People with an internal locus of control tend to be more satisfied and less alienated from their work.
E)It describes the extent to which someone is emotionally detached and manipulative.

Question 45

Which of the following is true of openness to experience?

A)Openness to experience refers to the degree to which someone is outgoing and sociable.
B)An open person is a source of conflict and discomfort for others.
C)Openness to experience refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured,cooperative,and trusting.
D)Openness to experience refers to the degree to which someone is responsible,dependable,and careful.
E)An open person is broad-minded and receptive to new things.

Question 46

The profile of characteristics making an individual unique from others is referred to as ________.

A)stereotype
B)personality
C)self-serving bias
D)locus of control
E)cognitive dissonance

Question 47

Sensing refers to:

A)focusing on details while gathering data.
B)relying on emotions while making decisions.
C)focusing on the big picture in dealing with problems while gathering data.
D)acting with flexibility and spontaneity while gathering data.
E)being quiet and shy while interacting with people.

Question 48

A person with a "low-Mach" personality:

A)often acts with the assumption that the end justifies the means.
B)is viewed as exploitative and unconcerned about others.
C)is emotionally detached and manipulative.
D)is deferential in allowing others to exert power over him or her.
E)is not interested in others' emotions and values.

Question 49

Thomas,the business head of an organization,is broad-minded and well-informed.He believes in changing along with the changes in the environment.Also,he encourages all his coworkers to suggest new ideas to help in the growth of the organization.This implies that Thomas has ________.

A)low conscientiousness
B)low agreeableness
C)high openness to experience
D)high selective perception
E)low emotional stability

Question 50

The degree to which someone is responsible,dependable,and careful is referred to as ________.

A)agreeableness
B)introversion
C)perceptiveness
D)extraversion
E)conscientiousness

Question 51

Which of the following is true of Machiavellianism?

A)A person with "high-Mach" personality is deferential in allowing others to exert power over him or her.
B)A person with "high-Mach" personality often acts with the assumption that the end justifies the means.
C)A person with "low-Mach" personality tends to be very manipulative.
D)A person with "low-Mach" personality is viewed as exploitative and unconcerned about others.
E)Machiavellianism is the extent to which one believes that what happens is within one's control.

Question 52

Jason is a senior executive at Brown Inc.He is well-mannered and has the ability to cooperate with all his colleagues.When employees have any work-related issues or personal issues,they approach him for support as they trust him.Which of the following personality traits does Jason most likely possess?

A)Agreeableness
B)Introversion
C)Self-serving bias
D)Locus of control
E)Extraversion

Question 53

Which of the following refers to Machiavellianism?

A)The degree to which someone is able to adjust behavior in response to external factors
B)The degree to which a person tends to defer to authority
C)The degree to which someone is curious,open to new ideas,and imaginative
D)The extent to which someone is emotionally detached and manipulative
E)The degree to which someone is relaxed,secure,and unworried

Question 54

Which of the following examples displays the personality trait of emotional stability?

A)A manager encouraging unique suggestions from employees for the promotion of a product
B)A supervisor being careful about making merger decisions
C)A manager staying calm and confident when his team fails to meet quarterly targets
D)A proprietor implementing changes in his organization
E)A team lead exhibiting good communication skills with his subordinates

Question 55

Joshua is a senior executive at ANMR Inc.He accepts status differences in his organization and tends to be control-oriented when he leads a team of employees.When he interacts with his seniors,he is prepared to obey them unquestioningly.This implies that Joshua has an)________ personality.

A)Type A
B)authoritarian
C)high-Mach
D)introvert
E)self-monitored

Question 56

The perceiving work style refers to:

A)focusing on details while gathering data.
B)focusing on details while working.
C)acting with flexibility and spontaneity while working.
D)acting with order and control while working.
E)relying on rules and regulations while working.

Question 57

The degree to which someone is outgoing,sociable,and assertive is referred to as ________.

A)agreeableness
B)perceptiveness
C)cognitive dissonance
D)extraversion
E)conscientiousness

Question 58

Barney often tries to multi-task and fails to do well in any task.He tends to be careless and irresponsible while working on his projects.This implies that Barney:

A)lacks conscientiousness.
B)has low agreeableness.
C)lacks emotional stability.
D)lacks openness to experience.
E)has low extraversion.

Question 59

Anne,a manager at a bank,is cooperative,sociable,dependable,and unworried.However,she lacks the interest to bring about any changes in the operations of the bank and is narrow minded.This implies that Anne lacks ________.

A)conscientiousness
B)openness to experience
C)agreeableness
D)extraversion
E)emotional stability

Question 60

Which of the following is true of a conscientious person?

A)A conscientious person focuses on new ideas and imaginations.
B)A conscientious person is more withdrawn and reserved.
C)A conscientious person focuses on what can be accomplished and meets commitments.
D)A conscientious person has few interests and is resistant to change.
E)A conscientious person often engages in multi-tasking.

Question 61

Connie was against the use of animals for testing cosmetics.She believed that it amounted to cruelty toward animals.She worked in a certain organization as it was known for using alternative testing methods.When a special research team revealed that the firm actually used animals for testing purposes,she experienced a psychological discomfort.This discomfort Connie experienced is an example of ________.

A)mood contagion
B)cognitive dissonance
C)constructive stress
D)destructive stress
E)workplace rage

Question 62

A person with a Type A personality:

A)believes in taking breaks during work.
B)is oriented toward extreme achievement and perfectionism.
C)does not interrupt the speech of others.
D)believes in doing one task at a time.
E)is oriented toward extreme patience.

Question 63

The ________ component of an attitude reflects an intention to act in a manner consistent with the belief and feeling.

A)cognitive
B)emotional
C)affective
D)intentional
E)behavioral

Question 64

The degree to which someone is able to adjust behavior in response to external factors is referred to as ________.

A)self-monitoring
B)authoritarianism
C)locus of control
D)extraversion
E)Machiavellianism

Question 65

Graham is an advertising professional who loves his job.This is an example of the ________ component of Graham's attitude.

A)cognitive
B)affective
C)intentional
D)opinion
E)behavioral

Question 66

Nick is a general manager in an organization.He always works toward achieving all his goals and believes in perfection.He engages in many tasks at once and tends to hurry the speech of others.Which of the following individual personality variations does Nick possess?

A)Authoritarianism
B)Machiavellianism
C)Self-monitoring
D)Type A orientation
E)Locus of control

Question 67

George is an executive analyst in the merchandising department of Title Inc.He loves to get feedback for his work as he believes that it helps to improve his performance.He is a fast-learner and has the ability to modify his behavior in response to the immediate situation and to external factors.Which of the following is true about George?

A)He is a Type A personality.
B)He is a high Mach personality.
C)He is high in self-monitoring.
D)He is an authoritarian.
E)He is low in self-monitoring.

Question 68

Which of the following is true about job satisfaction?

A)Job satisfaction tends to be lower in small firms and higher in large firms.
B)The relationship between job satisfaction and temporary absenteeism is not strong.
C)Performance does not influence job satisfaction.
D)There is a strong relationship between job satisfaction and performance.
E)A strong relationship exists between job satisfaction and actual job turnover.

Question 69

Chris received negative feedback for his recent project.He has decided to concentrate and put in more effort in order to improve his work.This is an example of the ________ component of attitude.

A)behavioral
B)affective
C)intentional
D)emotional
E)cognitive

Question 70

Which of the following refers to cognitive dissonance?

A)The predisposition to act in a certain way
B)The extent to which someone is emotionally detached and manipulative
C)The degree to which someone is able to adjust behavior in response to external factors
D)The degree to which an individual feels positive about a job
E)The discomfort felt when attitude and behavior are inconsistent

Question 71

Lily feels that her job is challenging as she has many important responsibilities.She believes that she has been growing along with her organization,and that she has been able to learn many new skills.She is happy that she receives fair pay and promotions on time.Which of the following is Lily experiencing?

A)Organizational citizenship
B)Mood contagion
C)Halo effect
D)Job satisfaction
E)Machiavellianism

Question 72

Which of the following is true of self-monitoring?

A)A person high in self-monitoring is not comfortable with feedback.
B)A person high in self-monitoring is predictable.
C)A person high in self-monitoring tends to act consistently regardless of circumstances.
D)A person high in self-monitoring tends to be a good learner.
E)Low self-monitors are flexible in changing behavior from one situation to the next.

Question 73

Vanessa is low in self-monitoring.Which of the following characteristics would be observed in Vanessa?

A)Learning skills
B)Ability to change
C)Willingness to change
D)Flexibility
E)Predictability

Question 74

Which of the following would result in job satisfaction?

A)Opportunities
B)Job attendance
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Machiavellianism
E)Mood contagion

Question 75

The ________ component of an attitude reflects a specific feeling.

A)cognitive
B)intentional
C)affective
D)opinion
E)behavioral

Question 76

Bruce works at Martin Bank Ltd.He receives task-related support from his leads,and has friendly and trustworthy colleagues.His job is stress-free and secure.These working conditions help in increasing Bruce's ________.

A)emotional intelligence
B)job satisfaction
C)locus of control
D)cognitive dissonance
E)Machiavellianism

Question 77

Which of the following components of individual attitudes reflects a belief or an opinion?

A)Cognitive component
B)Affective component
C)Normative component
D)Emotional component
E)Behavioral component

Question 78

An employee's strong positive feeling about one's job and the organization is referred to as ________.

A)mood contagion
B)emotional intelligence
C)cognitive dissonance
D)employee engagement
E)Machiavellianism

Question 79

Amanda is a Type A personality.Which of the following patterns of behavior would be observed in Amanda?

A)Slow eating patterns
B)Patience
C)Multi-tasking
D)Laziness
E)Lack of stress

Question 80

Bruno joined a law school in California as he had a good opinion about the institute.This is an example of the ________ component of individual attitudes.

A)affective
B)normative
C)emotional
D)behavioral
E)cognitive