Question 1

A particularly rich plexus of veins is present in the connective tissue of which respiratory structure?&#10;A) Bronchiole&#10;B) Larynx&#10;C) Nasal concha&#10;D) Olfactory epithelium of the anterior nasal cavity&#10;E) Primary bronchus

Accepted Answer

The nasal concha, also known as turbinates, have a rich plexus of veins in their connective tissue. This helps to warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs.

Question 2

Kartagener's syndrome,characterized by frequent respiratory infections,arises from a defect in which respiratory structure?&#10;A) Cartilage in bronchi&#10;B) Cilia in respiratory epithelia&#10;C) Goblet cells in bronchioles&#10;D) Pulmonary alveolar capillaries&#10;E) Surfactant in alveolar cells

Accepted Answer

Kartagener's syndrome arises from a defect in the cilia in respiratory epithelia, which impairs mucociliary clearance and leads to frequent respiratory infections.

Question 3

Clara cells are specialized secretory cells that can be found in the:&#10;A) Bronchi&#10;B) Larynx&#10;C) Olfactory epithelium&#10;D) Pulmonary alveoli&#10;E) Bronchioles

Accepted Answer

Clara cells are found in the bronchioles of the respiratory system. They produce and secrete a variety of substances that help protect the lungs, such as surfactant and enzymes that break down harmful chemicals.

Question 4

Elastic cartilage and a stratified squamous epithelium are found in which respiratory structure?&#10;A) Bronchiole&#10;B) Bronchus&#10;C) Epiglottis&#10;D) Nasal concha&#10;E) Trachea

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract. It is composed of elastic cartilage and lined by a stratified squamous epithelium. This structure helps form the c-shaped rings that make up the trachea. The bronchioles and bronchi are composed of smooth muscle and a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, while the nasal conchae are composed of bony tissue covered in a respiratory epithelium.

Question 5

Macrophages termed &#34;dust cells&#34; are particularly prominent in which portion of the respiratory system?&#10;A) Extrapulmonary bronchi&#10;B) Lamina propria of the trachea&#10;C) Pharyngeal tonsils&#10;D) Pulmonary alveoli&#10;E) Pulmonary bronchioles

Accepted Answer

Macrophages called "dust cells" are found within the pulmonary alveoli, which are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system. These cells help to remove foreign particles, such as dust and bacteria, from the lungs.

Question 6

The combination of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium,a lamina propria of loose connective tissue,and a layer of smooth muscle is found in which respiratory structure?&#10;A) Bronchus&#10;B) Larynx&#10;C) Pulmonary alveolus&#10;D) Bronchiole&#10;E) Trachea

Accepted Answer

The answer of The combination of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium,a...

Question 7

The function of type II cells in pulmonary alveoli is to:&#10;A) Detoxify nitrogen dioxide&#10;B) Facilitate the diffusion of oxygen out of pulmonary capillaries&#10;C) Perform proteolysis of mucous proteins&#10;D) Secrete the phospholipids of surfactant&#10;E) Utilize cilia to transport mucus out of the lungs

Accepted Answer

Type II cells are responsible for secreting surfactant, which contains phospholipids that reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevent their collapse during exhalation.

Deck 15: Respiratory System