Question 1

The extracellular matrix of cartilage,unlike that of most connective tissues,has unusually abundant molecules of:&#10;A) Keratin&#10;B) Type I collagen&#10;C) Type III collagen&#10;D) Type IV collagen&#10;E) Water

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix of cartilage has an unusually high amount of water, which gives it its gel-like consistency and helps with shock absorption. While collagen is present in cartilage, it is mostly composed of Type II collagen rather than Type I, III, or IV. Keratin is not found in cartilage.

Question 2

Osteocytes receive nutrient molecules directly from their contacts with:&#10;A) Capillaries&#10;B) Gap junctions on processes of other osteocytes&#10;C) Lymphatic vessels&#10;D) Osteoclasts&#10;E) The periosteum

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes receive nutrient molecules through gap junctions on the processes of other osteocytes, which form a network throughout the bone tissue. This allows for communication and transportation of nutrients between neighboring cells. Capillaries do play a role in supplying nutrients to bone tissue, but they do not directly supply nutrients to osteocytes. Lymphatic vessels and osteoclasts do not have a direct role in supplying nutrients to osteocytes. The periosteum is a layer of connective tissue on the outer surface of bones, but it is not involved in nutrient delivery to osteocytes.

Question 3

In a typical epiphyseal (growth)plate,which zone of cartilage is closest to the marrow cavity?&#10;A) Zone of reserve cartilage&#10;B) Zone of proliferating cartilage&#10;C) Zone of hypertrophic cartilage&#10;D) Zone of calcifying cartilage&#10;E) Zone of ossification

Accepted Answer

The zone of ossification is closest to the marrow cavity in the epiphyseal plate, where new bone is formed and replaces the cartilage.

Question 4

Large,multinucleated cells adherent to the surface of a bone are called:&#10;A) Foreign body giant cells&#10;B) Monocytes&#10;C) Osteoblasts&#10;D) Osteoclasts&#10;E) Osteocytes

Accepted Answer

Large, multinucleated cells adherent to the surface of a bone are called osteoclasts.

Question 5

In bone,Volkmann's canals function to:&#10;A) Allow fluid flow between bone and cartilage&#10;B) Carry longitudinally oriented blood vessels of haversian systems (osteons)&#10;C) Form tiny channels that allow communication between one osteocyte and another&#10;D) Surround osteoclasts that migrate to the surface of a bone&#10;E) Transfer blood between neighboring haversian systems

Accepted Answer

Volkmann's canals are channels in bone that provide pathways for blood vessels to connect the blood supply of the periosteum to that of the haversian canals (within the osteons) and the marrow cavity. They run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and the haversian canals, facilitating the transfer of blood between neighboring haversian systems.

Question 6

Which cell type,in its most active form,has an elongated,polarized morphologic appearance and a basophilic cytoplasm?&#10;A) Chondrocyte&#10;B) Osteoblast&#10;C) Osteoclast&#10;D) Osteocyte&#10;E) Periosteal fibroblast

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that are most active in a state of elongation and polarization. They have a basophilic cytoplasm due to the presence of ribosomes involved in protein synthesis for bone matrix formation. Chondrocytes are cartilage-forming cells and usually have a rounded appearance, whereas osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells with a ruffled border and a large, multi-nucleated appearance. Osteocytes, on the other hand, are mature bone cells that are relatively inactive and have a dendritic morphology. Periosteal fibroblasts are connective tissue cells located on the surface of bones and have a spindle-shaped appearance.

Question 7

Fibrocartilage is most commonly found in:&#10;A) Cartilage growth plates of immature bones&#10;B) Joint surfaces covering bones&#10;C) Intervertebral disks&#10;D) The auricle of the external ear&#10;E) The epiglottis of the larynx

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage that contains both collagen fibers and proteoglycans. It is found in areas of the body that require both support and flexibility, such as the intervertebral disks in the spine.

Deck 6: Cartilage and Bone