Focus on Supplements

Question 1

Which of the following statements is untrue?

A)There are no mandatory standards in supplement manufacture.
B)the amount of an ingredient in a dietary supplement is standardized and does not vary from dose to dose.
C)the degree of quality control depends on the manufacturer.
D)The U.S.Pharmacopeia has developed a voluntary dietary supplement verification program to help insure quality.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Enzyme supplements can be helpful for

A)individuals with deficiencies of digestive enzymes.
B)normal individuals who want their digestive system to work more efficiently.
C)people who have difficulty sleeping.
D)diabetics.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The dietary supplement labels contain all of the following except:

A)the recommended serving size
B)the name and quantity of each ingredient
C)the Daily Value for those ingredients that have one
D)the safety guarantee

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

A)limited the definition of a dietary supplement to only essential nutrients.
B)ensured that dietary supplements would be safe.
C)set up strict regulations regarding the dose and constituents of dietary supplements.
D)defined the substances that could be included in products called dietary supplements.

Question 5

Supplements of the amino acid L-tryptophan

A)taken before exercise boost growth hormone release.
B)increase muscle mass.
C)enhance exercise performance.
D)have been linked to a potentially deadly blood disorder.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about oral growth hormones is true?

A)They are broken down in the gut before they can reach their target.
B)They increase muscle mass.
C)They decrease body fat.
D)They boost stamina.

Question 7

Which statement about omega-three fatty acids is correct?

A)Supplements may not contain enough to have a beneficial effect.
B)Supplements are necessary since the diet cannot provide enough.
C)Supplements of omega-three fatty acids have caused dangerous side effects in most of the people who have taken them.
D)It is not practical to try and get these fatty acids from food since cooking destroys them.

Question 8

Ubiquinone or conenzyme Q

A)is essential for production of energy fromcarbohydrates.
B)is needed in the electronic transport chain
C)is needed in the final stage of aerobic metabolism where ATP is generated.
D)all of these statements are true.

Question 9

Which statement about lipoic acid is incorrect?

A)Supplements of lipoic acid will accelerate certain biological reactions.
B)Lipoic acid is necessary for aerobic respiration.
C)Lipoic acid is a coenzyme.
D)Lipoic acid can by synthesized by human cells.

Question 10

DHEA

A)is absorbed across the intestine.
B)is modified by the kidney.
C)is a breakdown product of the sex hormones.
D)concentrations in the blood increase with age

Question 11

Supplements of molecules made in the body

A)are essential to the body's metabolic functioning
B)have little beneficial effect if the body makes adequate amounts.
C)prevent deficiency symptoms.
D)enhance bodily functions.

Question 12

Melatonin has been shown to

A)delay aging.
B)be safe and effective in the long term.
C)increase the levels of sex hormones.
D)decrease jet lag symptoms.

Question 13

The function of carbohydrate supplements such as sports drinks and carbohydrate gels is

A)to prevent the storage of fat.
B)to provide glucose to exercising muscles.
C)to increase glycogen stores.
D)to help athletes put on muscle.

Question 14

Which statement about DHEA supplementation is incorrect?

A)DHEA supplementation has not been found to be effective for increasing muscle mass.
B)People take DHEA supplements to prevent the drop in sex hormones that comes with aging.
C)DHEA supplements have been shown to be useful for treating menopausal symptoms.
D)The long term effects of DHEA supplementation are unknown.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about melatonin is untrue?

A)It is broken down in the gut before it can reach its target.
B)Melatonin is made from the amino acid tryptophan.
C)Melatonin influences sleep cycles in humans.
D)Melatonin is a hormone.

Question 16

Protein supplements

A)provide no benefits if the diet is adequate in protein.
B)are very helpful for the 50% of Americans who do not eat enough dietary protein.
C)cause the formation of ketones.
D)are extremely helpful when trying to increase lean body mass.

Question 17

Who might benefit from coenzyme Q supplements?

A)People with chronic fatigue.
B)Athletes for increased muscle metabolism.
C)People who take cholesterol lowering statin drugs.
D)People whose muscles are weak.

Question 18

DHEA is

A)a protein hormone.
B)a steroid hormone.
C)a hormone formed from a single amino acid)
D)an enzyme.

Question 19

Which statement about enzyme supplements is untrue?

A)Enzyme supplements are proteins.
B)Enzyme supplements can benefit those with lactose intolerance.
C)Enzyme supplements are absorbed across the intestine and perform vital functions for cells inside the body.
D)Enzyme supplements are broken down to amino acids in the intestine.

Question 20

Which statement about the regulation of dietary supplements is true?

A)These products require FDA review,just like drugs.
B)The FDA has the right to remove supplements from the market if there is a suspicion that it might not be safe.
C)Supplements containing ingredients not sold in the US before October 15,1994 must provide the FDA with safety data.
D)Since supplements are natural,they are safe for humans.

Question 21

A friend has been feeling blue for a few weeks.She doesn't think her problem is serious enough to see a doctor and wants your opinion on St.John's wort.What are the benefits and risks of herbal medications in general and St.John's wort in particular? Should she try this herbal medication?

Question 22

Why is it unsafe for some people to take beta-carotene supplements?

Question 23

Are the benefits of amino acid supplementation worth the risk? Why or why not?

Question 24

One problem with beta-carotene supplements is

A)under some circumstances,these supplements can increase oxidative damage rather than decreasing it.
B)they promote macular degeneration.
C)they are difficult to find since most carotenoid supplements contain other carotenoids.
D)they cause the breakdown of vitamin E.

Question 25

Which of the following cannot raise blood sugar but can supply glucose for muscle contraction?

A)liver glycogen
B)muscle glycogen
C)cellulose
D)pectin

Question 26

Which statement about flavonoid supplementation is correct?

A)These supplements can cure arthritis.
B)Supplements have not been shown to have the same health promoting benefits as foods.
C)These supplements are useful in macular degeneration.
D)These supplements lower blood pressure.

Question 27

St.John's wort contains the chemical found in:

A)Zoloft
B)Valium
C)Prozac
D)birth control pills

Question 28

Which supplement is a component of phospholipids in cell membranes?

A)carnitine
B)inositol
C)SAM-e
D)glucosamine

Question 29

Which of the following supplements are reported to reduce arthritis pain and stop cartilage degeneration?

A)glucosamine and carnitine
B)creatine and chondroitin
C)creatine and carnitine
D)glucosamine and chondroitin

Question 30

Which herbal medication is used to improve urinary flow?

A)Kava
B)Ginseng
C)Garlic
D)Saw Palmetto

Question 31

Why do phytochemical supplements not provide all the health benefits of phytochemical containing foods?

Question 32

Why are some enzyme supplements ineffective? What is the difference between those enzyme supplements that get to their target organs and those that don't?

Question 33

Which statement about ginkgo biloba is incorrect?

A)Since ginkgo biloba is an herb,it has no side effects.
B)Ginkgo biloba can cause high blood pressure when taken with a diuretic.
C)Ginkgo biloba has no measurable benefit on memory in healthy adults.
D)Ginkgo biloba is the top selling herbal medicinal product in the US.

Question 34

How does the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act define a dietary supplement? What standards does this act enforce?

Question 35

Which supplement may be helpful for depression?

A)carnitine
B)inositol
C)SAM-e
D)glucosamine

Question 36

You are at a dinner party and realize that seven of the ten people at the table are taking some type of herbal supplement.Comment on the nutritional impact of taking herbal supplements.

Question 37

Which of the following supplements has been shown to enhance strength,performance,and recovery from high intensity exercise?

A)carnitine
B)creatine
C)coenzyme Q
D)all of these choices