Deck 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Question 1

The formation of chyme occurs in which part of the GI tract?

A)Small intestine
B)Large intestine
C)Gallbladder
D)Stomach

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The movement of food through the digestive tract is regulated by:

A)the endocrine and nervous systems.
B)the lymphatic and muscular systems.
C)the respiratory and urinary systems.
D)the cardiovascular system.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)Kidney

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which structure prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea?

A)Tongue
B)Pharynx
C)Esophageal sphincter
D)Epiglottis

Question 5

The pharynx is a cavity shared by the digestive tract and the:

A)urinary tract.
B)respiratory tract.
C)pancreatic duct.
D)common bile duct.

Question 6

When the gastroesophageal sphincter contracts,food:

A)flows from the esophagus into the stomach.
B)is prevented from reentering the esophagus from the stomach.
C)leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
D)is eliminated from the body through the anus.

Question 7

What enzyme prevents bacterial growth in the mouth?

A)Amylase
B)Lysozyme
C)Bacteriocidase
D)Lipase

Question 8

Which of the following sequences is organized from the simplest to the most complex arrangement?

A)atoms : molecules : tissues : organs
B)molecules : tissues : atoms : organs
C)tissues: atoms : molecules : organs
D)atoms : organs : tissues : molecules

Question 9

Activity in the digestive tract begins in response to the sight and smell of food.This is referred to as the _________ response.

A)cephalic
B)gastric
C)intestinal
D)cognitive

Question 10

Transit time is the rate at which food:

A)moves through the digestive tract.
B)is swallowed.
C)is absorbed into the blood.
D)is broken down into chyme.

Question 11

The digestive tract begins at the _________ and ends at the _________.

A)esophagus; small intestine
B)mouth; transverse colon
C)esophageal sphincter; pylorus
D)mouth; anus

Question 12

_________ are units of matter that cannot be further broken down by chemical means.

A)Organic compounds
B)Cells
C)Atoms
D)Solvents

Question 13

Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract are called:

A)segmentation.
B)muscular syncopation.
C)gastroesophageal sphincterization.
D)peristalsis.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a product released by the GI tract?

A)Mucus
B)Enzymes
C)Chyme
D)Hormones

Question 15

The hormone gastrin is released in response to:

A)the presence of food in the stomach.
B)contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincter.
C)relaxation of the anal sphincter.
D)the presence of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori in the stomach.

Question 16

The internal lining of the gastrointestinal tract is the:

A)submucosa.
B)serosa.
C)muscularis.
D)mucosa.

Question 17

The most important roles of the digestive system include digestion and:

A)metabolism.
B)absorption.
C)circulation.
D)excretion.

Question 18

Nutrients classified as "organic molecules" have a molecular structure which contains the element:

A)carbon.
B)oxygen.
C)nitrogen.
D)sulfur.

Question 19

Chewing is an important digestive function because it improves the functionality of:

A)enzymes.
B)hormones.
C)mucus.
D)peristalsis.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of the stomach?

A)It produces pepsinogen.
B)Parietal cells in gastric pits produce hydrochloric acid.
C)The main function is absorption.
D)It has 3 layers of smooth muscle.

Question 21

A diseased gallbladder can interfere with:

A)chyme formation.
B)the ability to chew.
C)the ability to regulate blood glucose levels.
D)fat digestion.

Question 22

The primary function of the large intestine is to:

A)prepare and store unabsorbed food residue for excretion.
B)absorb digested nutrients.
C)neutralize chyme.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 23

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

A)liver.
B)large intestine.
C)stomach.
D)small intestine.

Question 24

Which of the following structures is located past (beyond)the ileocecal valve?

A)Colon
B)Common bile duct
C)Stomach
D)Pharynx

Question 25

The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter.

A)gastroesophageal
B)celiac
C)anal
D)pyloric

Question 26

Inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa reduces the ability of the intestine to absorb water or nutrients causing:

A)constipation.
B)diarrhea.
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
D)gallstones.

Question 27

The most common cause of ulcers is:

A)chronic use of the pain reliever Tylenol.
B)eating large amounts of acidic foods such as peppers and tomatoes.
C)a bacterial infection.
D)stress.

Question 28

The stomach wall is protected from the acidity of the gastric juice by:

A)the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
B)a viscous mucus layer.
C)the action of gastrin.
D)pancreatic secretions.

Question 29

Pancreas secretions contain digestive enzymes and:

A)bicarbonate ions.
B)bile.
C)cholecystokinin (CCK).
D)chyme.

Question 30

Which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract?

A)Gallbladder
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)All of these are correct

Question 31

"Heartburn" is typically:

A)caused by acidic stomach contents leaking back through the pyloric sphincter.
B)more common in men and those who are underweight.
C)caused when the stomach bulges through the diaphragm.
D)All of the choices are true.

Question 32

Which of the following meals is likely to stay in the stomach the longest?

A)Cheeseburger,small French fries,small soft drink,ice cream
B)Grilled chicken breast,mashed potato with butter,green beans,skim milk
C)Tuna sandwich on whole wheat,pickle,ice tea
D)Rice Krispies,skim milk,blueberries,coffee

Question 33

Which of the following digestive organs is lined with fingerlike projections called villi?

A)Esophagus
B)Stomach
C)Small intestine
D)Large intestine

Question 34

Which statement about Helicobacter pylori is true?

A)These microorganisms are killed by the low pH of the stomach secretions.
B)Dr.B.J.Marshall developed gastric inflammation after he drank a culture of H.pylori.
C)H)pylori causes irritable bowel syndrome.
D)H)pylori only causes ulcers if the stomach is already inflamed from stress.

Question 35

The absorption of nutrients by simple diffusion requires:

A)a carrier molecule.
B)energy.
C)a concentration gradient.
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 36

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit gastric secretion and motility?

A)The sight and smell of food
B)The release of gastrin from the stomach
C)The passage of chyme into the small intestine
D)The release of bile from the gallbladder

Question 37

Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from the:

A)gallbladder.
B)kidneys.
C)liver.
D)pancreas.

Question 38

The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of:

A)sphincters.
B)microvilli.
C)enterocytes.
D)gastric pits.

Question 39

Stomach emptying is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)the nutrient composition of a meal.
B)the time of day the meal is consumed.
C)the meal consistency (liquid versus solid).
D)emotional states (sadness,anger,stress).

Question 40

The release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine is controlled by:

A)secretin and CCK.
B)stimulation of stretch receptors in the stomach.
C)gastrin.
D)salivary amylase.

Question 41

Describe the signals that regulate gastric secretion and motility.

Question 42

The sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells is collectively referred to as:

A)digestion.
B)absorption.
C)metabolism.
D)hydrolysis.

Question 43

___________ is when all essential nutrients are given directly into the blood stream.

A)Enteral feeding
B)Tube feeding
C)Total parenteral nutrition
D)Force feeding

Question 44

________ are protein molecules that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

A)Hormones
B)Chylomicrons
C)Enzymes
D)Buffers

Question 45

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the intestine,they are carried to the __________ via the ___________.

A)kidneys; capillaries
B)liver; hepatic portal vein
C)gall bladder; bile duct
D)pancreas; lacteals

Question 46

The function of sphincters in the digestive tract is:

A)to coordinate muscular contractions that propel food forward.
B)to regulate the flow of food.
C)to control the release of bile.
D)to regulate enzymatic reactions.

Question 47

The urinary and respiratory systems help the body to remove:

A)unabsorbed food residue.
B)metabolic waste products.
C)excess calories.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 48

Which nutrient(s)are absorbed into the lymphatic system before entering the blood?

A)Fat
B)Water
C)Water-soluble vitamins
D)Glucose

Question 49

Describe the organization of the human body beginning with atoms and ending with the major body systems.

Question 50

How do the gallbladder and pancreas contribute to the process of digestion?

Question 51

As chyme moves out of the stomach,it passes through the:

A)gastroesophageal sphincter.
B)cecum.
C)pyloric sphincter.
D)cardiac sphincter.

Question 52

During ________________,the digestive system can absorb whole intact proteins.

A)infancy
B)aging adulthood
C)adulthood
D)childhood

Question 53

The end-products of carbohydrate catabolism includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)water.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)energy (ATP).
D)urea.

Question 54

Probiotics are:

A)an example of total parenteral nutrition.
B)substances that promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria.
C)are used to prevent bacterial overgrowth in the stomach.
D)beneficial bacteria added to foods.

Question 55

The hepatic portal circulation carries nutrients from the small intestine to the:

A)brain.
B)kidneys.
C)stomach.
D)liver.

Question 56

The chemical breakdown of glucose to produce energy is an example of:

A)catabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)digestion.
D)excretion.

Question 57

Metabolic reactions that build molecules and body structures are referred to as:

A)catabolic.
B)anabolic.
C)hydrolytic.
D)deamination reactions.

Question 58

Describe the major digestive events taking place in each of the following organs:
a)mouth,
b)stomach,
c)small intestine,
d)large intestine.

Question 59

The _____________ regulates the movement of molecules in and out of cells.

A)cytoplasm
B)mitochondria
C)cell membrane
D)cell wall

Question 60

Which organ filters metabolic waste products out of the blood?

A)Kidneys
B)Small intestine
C)Pancreas
D)Spleen

Question 61

Explain why a person who consumes toast,fruit and coffee for breakfast is more likely to feel hunger sooner compared to a person who eats an egg and fried potatoes for breakfast.

Question 62

At different stages of life,special diets may be needed to maximize nutrient intake and absorption.How does the digestive system of an infant differ from that of an older adult?

Question 63

Explain how triglycerides and glucose differ in terms of absorption and circulation.

Question 64

What factors impact the rate at which food leaves the stomach?