Deck 5: Developmental Disorders

Question 1

Which term describes a disorder present at and existing from the time of birth?

A) Anomaly
B) Inherited
C) Congenital
D) Developmental

Answer 1

Congenital

Question 2

The _____ cyst has a strong predilection for females.

A) lateral periodontal
B) nasopalatine canal
C) nasolabial
D) gingival

Answer 2

nasolabial

Question 3

This patient exhibits an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth caused by the short lingual frenum. What condition is suspected?

A) Ankyloglossia
B) Frenectomy
C) Lingual thyroid
D) Total ankyloglossia

Answer 3

Ankyloglossia

Question 4

Odontogenesis in the human embryo occurs at

A) 3 weeks.
B) 5 weeks.
C) 5 months.
D) 1 month.

Question 5

The _____ is characterized by its unique histologic appearance and its frequent recurrence rate.

A) radicular cyst
B) residual cyst
C) dentigerous cyst
D) odontogenic keratocyst

Question 6

Which term describes partial anodontia or the lack of one or more teeth?

A) Anodontia
B) Ankylosed
C) Hypodontia
D) Gemination

Question 7

What is the pseudocyst filled with salivary gland tissue that may be an extension of the sublingual gland?

A) Ranula
B) Static bone cyst
C) Lymphoepithelial cyst
D) Traumatic bone cyst

Question 8

Which term defines the joining of two adjacent teeth by cementum only?

A) Twinning
B) Concrescence
C) Cementogenesis
D) Fusion

Question 9

The first branchial arch divides into two maxillary processes and the _____ process.

A) mandibular
B) frontal
C) median nasal
D) globular

Question 10

This unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted second premolar is most likely a

A) normal developmental sac.
B) dentigerous cyst.
C) primordial cyst.
D) lateral periodontal cyst.

Question 11

Which is not considered a pseudocyst?

A) Thyroglossal tract cyst
B) Static bone cyst
C) Simple bone cyst
D) Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 12

The most common cyst observed in the oral cavity is caused by pulpal inflammation and is called a(n) _____ cyst.

A) dentigerous
B) eruption
C) radicular
D) primordial

Question 13

Clinically, the lingual thyroid nodule appears as a smooth nodular mass

A) at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
B) on the anterior ventral tongue.
C) on the lateral borders of the middle third of the tongue.
D) anterior to the circumvallate papillae.

Question 14

The formation of dentin is termed

A) amelogenesis.
B) dentinogenesis.
C) dens in dente.
D) odontogenesis.

Question 15

Total anodontia is often associated with a hereditary disturbance termed

A) taurodontism.
B) amelogenesis imperfecta.
C) ectodermal dysplasia.
D) cleidocranial dysplasia.

Question 16

The body of the tongue develops from the

A) frontal process.
B) first branchial arch.
C) second branchial arch.
D) third branchial arch.

Question 17

Which epithelium-lined tract is a developmental anomaly located in the corners of the mouth?

A) Commissural lip pit
B) Angular cheilitis
C) Fistula
D) Congenital lip pit

Question 18

Radiographically, this radiolucent cyst is often heart shaped, caused by the anatomic Y shape of the area. It is called the _____ cyst.

A) nasopalatine canal
B) median palatine
C) nasolabial
D) globulomaxillary

Question 19

Which is not true about the thyroglossal tract cyst?

A) It is found in individuals younger than 20 years.
B) No sex predilection exists.
C) Clinically, it is located below the hyoid bone.
D) Conservative nonsurgical treatment is sufficient.

Question 20

The lateral periodontal cyst occurs most often on the lateral aspect of a tooth root, which is usually the

A) mandibular third molar.
B) maxillary premolars.
C) mandibular cuspid/premolars.
D) maxillary anteriors.

Question 21

Regional odontodysplasia is also referred to as

A) hypodontia.
B) ghost teeth.
C) taurodontism.
D) supernumerary teeth.

Question 22

Which tooth is most commonly affected by dens in dente?

A) Maxillary central
B) Mandibular lateral
C) Maxillary lateral
D) A supernumerary tooth

Question 23

The developmental anomaly seen in this radiographic image is

A) taurodontism.
B) mulberry molar.
C) supernumerary roots on the mandibular premolars.
D) dilaceration.

Question 24

Pitting is the most common type of enamel hypoplasia seen in patients who have which condition during tooth development?

A) Febrile illness
B) Drinking water with 2.4 ppm of fluoride during tooth development
C) Congenital syphilis
D) Herpes simplex

Question 25

Enamel hypoplasia is the result of a disturbance of or damage to ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation. Which is not be a factor?

A) Genetics
B) Ingestion of high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development
C) Vitamin deficiency during tooth development
D) Shingles

Question 26

The supernumerary tooth in this illustration is

A) a mesiodens.
B) a dilaceration.
C) the result of twinning.
D) the result of gemination.

Question 27

The most common supernumerary tooth is termed

A) distomolar.
B) mesiodens.
C) mulberry molar.
D) Turner tooth.

Question 28

The projection of white material seen at the furcation area in this maxillary molar is a developmental anomaly. Which condition is suspected?

A) Dens evaginatus
B) Enamel pearl
C) Supernumerary cusp
D) Calculus

Question 29

Another name for dens invaginatus is

A) taurodontism.
B) dens in dente.
C) dens evaginatus.
D) enamel pearl.

Question 30

Regional odontodysplasia is

A) a decrease in radiodensity seen on one or more unerupted teeth in a quadrant.
B) a genetic condition.
C) caused by systemic illness.
D) most often seen in the mandible.

Question 31

This radiographic image clearly shows which developmental anomaly?

A) Dens in dente
B) Periapical pathology (PAP)
C) Caries
D) Open contacts

Question 32

Impacted teeth cannot erupt because of

A) lack of eruptive force.
B) physical obstruction.
C) ankylosis.
D) bone pathology.

Question 33

For which condition would pulp vitality be nonvital?

A) Radicular cyst
B) Median mandibular cyst
C) Median palatal cyst
D) Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

Question 34

Which defines a disturbance of the maturation of the enamel matrix?

A) Turner tooth
B) Mulberry molar
C) Premature birth
D) Enamel hypocalcification

Question 35

Ingesting water with four times the amount of fluoride causes

A) brown-to-black staining.
B) cusp fractures.
C) white spots on the middle third of smooth crowns.
D) increased dental caries.

Question 36

Nonerupted supernumerary teeth should be extracted because of which risk?

A) Malignant tumor development
B) Cysts around the crowns
C) Internal resorption
D) Condensing osteitis

Question 37

Multiple supernumerary teeth may be a component of which condition?

A) Cleidocranial dysplasia
B) Dermoid cyst
C) Syphilis
D) Static bone cyst

Question 38

The pear-shaped radiolucency observed in this radiographic image is most likely a _____ cyst.

A) radicular
B) globulomaxillary
C) lateral periodontal
D) nasopalatine canal

Question 39

Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly often seen with

A) extra cusps.
B) a periapical lesion.
C) tuberculated premolars.
D) supernumerary roots.

Question 40

The pseudocyst seen in this radiographic image is surrounded by salivary gland tissue. It is a(n) _____ bone cyst.

A) simple
B) Stafne
C) traumatic
D) aneurysmal

Question 41

Which tumor frequently arises from a dentigerous cyst?

A) Sarcoma
B) Ameloblastoma
C) Odontoma
D) Dens in dente

Question 42

When two or more teeth are joined by cementum, as shown in this picture, it is termed

A) concrescence.
B) dilaceration.
C) enamel pearl.
D) gemination.

Question 43

When counting the maxillary anterior teeth of this adolescent patient, it appears that five are present clinically, if the large tooth is counted as one. A radiographic image reveals that this large central tooth has two roots. This tooth demonstrates

A) geminism.
B) concrescence.
C) dilaceration.
D) fusion.

Question 44

This patient exhibits an accessory cusp located in the cingulum of the maxillary right lateral permanent incisor. This can be diagnosed as a

A) talon cusp.
B) dens in dente.
C) taurodontism.
D) dens evaginatus.

Question 45

Periapical radiographic examination reveals a well-defined unilocular radiolucency located in the midline of the hard palate. The diagnosis is _____ cyst.

A) nasolabial
B) globulomaxillary
C) branchial cleft
D) median palatine

Question 46

During embryonic development of the face, the frontal process divides into three parts. These three parts include the median nasal process, the right lateral nasal process, and the left lateral nasal process.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 47

This enlargement on the lateral neck of this patient has been present for months and is slowly increasing in size. It is painless and feels soft. Histologic examination shows this to be an epithelium-lined sac filled with clear, yellow fluid. It is a _____ cyst.

A) thyroglossal duct
B) branchial
C) median palatine
D) globulomaxillary

Question 48

Odontogenic keratocysts are a clinical component of

A) nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
B) neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen.
C) cherubism.
D) Gardner syndrome.

Question 49

Which term best describes a disorder caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup transmitted from parent to offspring?

A) Anomaly
B) Inherited
C) Congenital
D) Developmental

Question 50

This patient is healthy with no history of local or systemic infection or disease. The patient's teeth are caries free, as are all of the teeth of all of the patients who exhibit this defect. This is characteristic of

A) fluorosis.
B) Hutchinson incisors.
C) a Turner tooth.
D) attrition.

Question 51

Deciduous teeth in which bone has fused to cementum and dentin, preventing exfoliation of the deciduous tooth and eruption of the underlying permanent tooth are termed

A) embedded.
B) ankylosed.
C) impacted.
D) erupted.

Question 52

The radiographic image of this patient exhibits a biloculated, well-defined radiolucency lateral to the tooth root. It is asymptomatic. This is a _____ cyst.

A) residual
B) follicular
C) lateral periodontal
D) primordial

Question 53

Microdontia most commonly occurs in

A) maxillary laterals and third molars.
B) maxillary canine.
C) mandibular molars.
D) mandibular incisors and molars.

Question 54

Odontogenesis in the human embryo takes place at approximately

A) 5 weeks.
B) 2 months.
C) 3 months.
D) at birth.

Question 55

During tooth development, ectoderm and ectomesenchymal cells give rise to each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Periodontal ligament
B) Ameloblasts
C) Odontoblasts
D) Cementoblasts

Question 56

The cyst that appears in the bone in this radiographic image surrounds the fully formed crown of an unerupted premolar. The dental hygienist should refer to this as a(n) _____ cyst.

A) eruption
B) follicular
C) lateral periodontal
D) primordial

Question 57

The deformity seen here with a bend in root apices is characteristic of

A) dilaceration.
B) gemination.
C) fusion.
D) concrescence.

Question 58

Proliferation is defined as

A) congenital lack of teeth.
B) formation of dentin.
C) multiplication of cells.
D) disposition in favor of something.

Question 59

A small elevated mass of thyroid tissue located near the foramen cecum or posterior lateral borders of the tongue, which forms as a result of failure of the embryonic thyroid tissue to migrate to its proper position, is called a(n)

A) ameloblastic fibroma.
B) hemangioma.
C) lingual thyroid nodule.
D) thyroglossal duct cyst.

Question 60

A solitary hypoplastic defect in this dentition is located on the facial surface of a permanent maxillary central incisor. The most likely cause of this defect is

A) a dietary deficiency during tooth formation.
B) absence of the primary mandibular central incisor.
C) physical injury of the primary maxillary central incisor.
D) neonatal hypoplasia of the primary anterior teeth.

Question 61

What is the radiographic feature of a cyst found within soft tissue?

A) Unilocular
B) Multilocular
C) Diffuse
D) No radiographic features are evident.

Question 62

Pitting of the enamel may be seen in these conditions except one. Which is the exception?

A) Measles
B) Vitamin A deficiency
C) Scarlet fever
D) Talon cusp

Question 63

What is a condition likely to reveal ankylosed teeth?

A) Presence of a dentigerous cyst
B) Existence of supernumerary teeth
C) Orthodontic appliances
D) Retained deciduous teeth

Question 64

An asymptomatic, well-defined unilocular radiolucency was discovered in the region of tooth #32 on a panoramic image of a young adult patient. This tooth had never formed and therefore was never extracted. Identify this cyst:

A) Primordial
B) Odontogenic keratocyst
C) Periapical
D) Static bone cyst

Question 65

The following groups of teeth are most often missing with hypodontia except one. Which is the exception?

A) Third molars
B) Mandibular canines
C) Maxillary lateral incisors
D) Mandibular second premolars

Question 66

Which statement about macrodontia is true?

A) A common developmental anomaly.
B) Commonly affects a single tooth.
C) Seen in cases of pituitary gigantism.
D) Treatment involves extraction and prosthetic replacement.

Question 67

Which term is unlike the others?

A) Distomolar
B) Supernumerary
C) Hypodontia
D) Mesiodens

Question 68

Which teeth are most commonly affected by microdontia?

A) #7 and #16
B) #10 and #17
C) #17 and #24
D) #25 and #31

Question 69

Your patient presents with several horizontal rows of deep pits traversing the surfaces of the permanent central and lateral incisors, canines, and first molars. The pits are stained and unsightly. Which condition is suspected?

A) Dens in dente
B) Concrescence
C) Enamel hypoplasia
D) Oligodontia

Question 70

Since the dens in dente is often a nonvital tooth, it may be seen in association with

A) an impacted tooth.
B) a periapical lesion.
C) swelling and displacement of surrounding teeth.
D) malocclusion.

Question 71

Which cyst develops from a preexisting periapical granuloma found at the apex of a nonvital tooth?

A) Radicular
B) Follicular
C) Eruption
D) Calcifying odontogenic

Question 72

The presence of Hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars would indicate the presence of which condition?

A) Hepatitis B
B) HIV disease
C) Syphilis
D) Chickenpox

Question 73

After the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, how long is it before the root length is complete?

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 1-4 years
D) 2-6 years

Question 74

Trauma or change in the environment at the time of birth can eventually cause enamel hypoplasia in the child. Which cells are so sensitive and easily damaged to cause this defect?

A) Ameloblasts
B) Neutrophils
C) Macrophages
D) C-reactive proteins

Question 75

With concrescence, which tissue unites two adjacent teeth?

A) Enamel
B) Dentin
C) Cementum
D) Pulp