Deck 13: Juvenile Justice and Corrections

Question 1

__________ is to juveniles as __________ is to adults.

A) Disposition; sentencing
B) Sentencing; disposition
C) Rehabilitation; retribution
D) Retribution; rehabilitation

Answer 1

Disposition; sentencing

Question 2

Juvenile competency to stand trial is measured by which standard?

A) The Dusky standard
B) The Miranda standard
C) The Tarasoff standard
D) The Belgrade standard

Answer 2

The Dusky standard

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

A) Truancy
B) Gambling
C) Simple assault
D) Robbery

Answer 3

Truancy

Question 4

Which adjective best describes juvenile courts prior to 1960?

A) Abusive
B) Informal
C) Rehabilitative
D) Infallible

Question 5

Greg was placed in juvenile detention following an arrest for sexual assault. Which program is Greg least likely to participate in while he's being held?

A) A youth math class
B) A sex education class
C) A substance abuse treatment program
D) A treatment program for juvenile sex offenders

Question 6

How many states have laws that allow juveniles to be tried as adults?

A) Two
B) Ten
C) Twenty-six
D) Fifty

Question 7

Parens patriae is similar to which doctrine?

A) Tender years doctrine
B) Best interest of the child
C) Person in need of supervision
D) ex parte crouse

Question 8

A group home that holds juvenile offenders is an example of which type of residential placement?

A) Intermediate sanctions
B) Community-based
C) Detention program
D) Rehabilitation institution.

Question 9

Which two factors are strong predictors of Miranda competence in juveniles?

A) Cognitive ability and ethnoracial group
B) Socioeconomic status and education level
C) Religion and race
D) Age and suggestibility

Question 10

Sam is a 16-year-old sex offender who has a history of depression and substance abuse. According to research, which program would be most effective for Sam?

A) A state facility with intense supervision
B) A state facility that focuses on low-risk offenders
C) A community-based program that focuses on a therapeutic intervention
D) A program that focuses on suicidal treatment

Question 11

It's recommended that attorneys who work with juveniles should receive training in __________ psychology.

A) experimental
B) social
C) developmental
D) rehabilitative

Question 12

Which two landmark Supreme Court cases were the impetus for change in juvenile courts?

A) Kent v. United States and In re Gault
B) Miranda v. Arizona and Gideon v. Wainwright
C) United States v. Nixon and Brown v. Board of Education
D) Marbury v. Madison and Mapp v. Ohio

Question 13

Many juveniles who come before the courts have characteristics such as intellectual disability and social immaturity. These juveniles are at a disadvantage when it comes to

A) constitutional rights.
B) rehabilitative services.
C) criminal behavior.
D) decisional competency.

Question 14

Sebastian is being questioned by police about a breaking and entering case. The presence of which adult(s) would most likely result in Sebastian waiving his juvenile constitutional rights?

A) His attorney
B) The forensic psychologist
C) His parents
D) The victims

Question 15

Compared to rehabilitation, detention is

A) a temporary placement.
B) racially biased
C) reserved for younger offenders.
D) community-based.

Question 16

What is the most common mental health diagnosis for youth in detention and correction facilities?

A) Psychopathy
B) Mania
C) Depression
D) Substance abuse

Question 17

Val is a 16-year-old depressed female who has been placed in juvenile detention following her arrest for a property offense. How will Val's depression likely manifest?

A) She will be sad and withdrawn
B) She will be irritable and hostile
C) She will manipulate her treatment team
D) She will try to run away from the facility

Question 18

Black juveniles continue to be disproportionately detained in which type of cases?

A) Homicide
B) Drug related offenses
C) Status offenses
D) Robbery

Question 19

Which year did the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) pass?

A) 1969
B) 1970
C) 1974
D) 1980

Question 20

The first juvenile court was intended to serve the needs of __________ children who needed supervision.

A) poor
B) homeless
C) all
D) violent

Question 21

When does assessment of juvenile sex offenders typically begin?

A) At the time the offense is committed.
B) Before adjudication.
C) After placement in an institutional setting.
D) during intensive group therapy.

Question 22

Juvenile detention refers to the _____ placement of a youth before or during the _____.

A) secure; trial
B) rehabilitative; treatment
C) permanent; crime
D) temporary; adjudication process

Question 23

In a their research on mental health services in delinquent youth facilities, Sedlak and McPherson (2010a) found that

A) a small proportion of facilities provided mental health services for youth.
B) the majority of treatment programs were effective and of high quality.
C) many mental health personnel were untrained to meet the needs of the youth.
D) suicide risk was the most frequent type of evaluation.

Question 24

Teaching-family homes operate according to which psychology learning theory?

A) Behavior modification
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Social learning
D) Humanism

Question 25

Which two programs are most similar in their approaches to the treatment of delinquents?

A) Multisystemic therapy and functional family therapy
B) Homebuilders and Teaching-Family
C) Boot camps and Wilderness programs
D) ART and Risk-Needs-Responsivity

Question 26

What was the overall purpose of the 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act?

A) To improve the care of juveniles
B) To ensure the safety of the public
C) To abolish status offenses
D) To reduce poverty

Question 27

Behavioral parent training approaches such as FFT and MST are effective at reducing

A) marital distress.
B) recidivism.
C) parental depression.
D) behavioral change.

Question 28

Which of the following is least accurate about juvenile sex offenders?

A) A high percentage have been sexually abused themselves.
B) They are likely to reoffend if not treated.
C) They may start offending in early adolescence.
D) They are often mentally disordered.

Question 29

The most dominant method of treatment for juvenile sex offenders involves

A) peer groups.
B) family counseling.
C) individual psychotherapy.
D) medication administration.

Question 30

Juvenile boot camps follow a ________ model.

A) rehabilitative
B) opportunistic
C) prevention
D) military

Question 31

One important feature of private facilities is that they

A) are able to admit only youth they believe they can help.
B) admit a high proportion of minority youth.
C) focus on delinquents of one gender.
D) require a shorter length of stay than public facilities.

Question 32

Wilderness programs are often provided by ____ for juveniles who are _____.

A) individuals; sex offenders
B) physicians; substance abusers
C) private organizations; at risk or adjudicated
D) mental health clinicians; considered incorrigible

Question 33

Juvenile delinquents who are asked to identify triggers of their aggression, offered techniques to reduce their anger and encouraged to find peaceful solutions to a moral dilemma are likely participating in which program?

A) Aggression replacement training
B) Moral reasoning
C) Paint Creek model
D) Anger management

Question 34

According to Arnold Goldstein (2002a), low-level behaviors such as threatening, bullying, or vandalism are precursors to serious aggression if these behaviors are

A) stifled.
B) extinguished.
C) reinforced.
D) pervasive.

Question 35

Compared to delinquent boys, delinquent girls are more likely to

A) lack self-esteem and suffer from mental disorders.
B) participate in violent crime.
C) be victims of gang-related crimes.
D) falsely confess to a crime they didn't commit.

Question 36

Which of the following is one reason that violent juveniles are often good candidates for cognitive-behavioral intervention?

A) They have developmental delays
B) They often have a hostile attribution bias
C) They are predisposed to substance abuse
D) The begin their behavior at a young age

Question 37

Disproportionate minority confinement refers to the

A) tendency of police to arrest minorities at sobriety check points.
B) societal need to increase secure facilities in order to house minorities.
C) change in immigration patterns of ethnic minorities.
D) proportion of racial and ethnic minorities who are detained or incarcerated.

Question 38

Day reporting centers and intensive supervision programs are examples of

A) intermediate sanctions.
B) private facilities.
C) detention institutions.
D) innovative amenities.

Question 39

Which of the following illustrates a concern with group homes such as the teaching-family model?

A) They focus primarily on serious delinquents.
B) They don't reinforce positive behaviors
C) They focus on substance abuse treatment
D) They don't address the importance of individual cultural needs

Question 40

A primary goal of multisystemic therapy involves helping juveniles break bonds with __________ and develop bonds with __________.

A) teachers; parents
B) addictive substances, healthy lifestyle
C) antisocial peers; prosocial peers
D) peers, family members

Question 41

Most judicial waivers are made at the request of defense attorneys who want to prosecute juveniles in adult criminal courts.

Question 42

Cognitive behavioral programs are the most effective at treating juvenile offenders with substance abuse problems.

Question 43

Describe the symptoms of an adolescent with depression. How would these symptoms affect one's experience in detention or correctional facilities?

Question 44

The majority of the literature on juvenile sex offending focuses on adolescent white males.

Question 45

Prior to the establishment of juvenile courts, children who broke the law in large cities were sent to institutional settings called

A) aftercare programs.
B) boot camps.
C) group homes.
D) Houses of Refuge.

Question 46

Gerald Gault was a 15-year-old whose crime was making an obscene phone call to his neighbor.

Question 47

All of the following goals are common to sex offender treatment programs except

A) promoting healthy sexual interests.
B) confining offenders during treatment.
C) enhancing awareness of the impact of the offense on the victim.
D) establishing plans for relapse prevention.

Question 48

Residential placement facilities may house both offenders and nonoffenders.

Question 49

Research suggests that functional family therapy may be especially effective at

A) improving academic performance.
B) reducing violent crime committed by juveniles.
C) educating juveniles about sexual abuse.
D) reducing substance abuse.

Question 50

The goal of the Homebuilders model is to prevent the out-of-home placement of children through intensive, on-site intervention, and to teach families new problem-solving skills.

Question 51

Research shows that most juveniles cannot understand their constitutional rights.

Question 52

Explain the phrase "catch it low to prevent it high" What is the significance of this phrase to our understanding of juvenile aggression?

Question 53

Relapse prevention is essential to the treatment of juvenile sex offenders.

Question 54

The preferred method of treatment for sex offenders involves __________ and a(n) __________ approach.

A) medication; intensive therapy
B) education; disciplinary
C) peer groups; cognitive-behavioral
D) cooperation; curative

Question 55

Wilderness programs are publically funded rehabilitation strategies that were designed to treat violent juvenile offenders.

Question 56

All states require an inquiry into adjudicative competency in juvenile courts.

Question 57

Research suggests that it is always best for children to remain in their own homes, despite family dysfunction.

Question 58

It's important that a forensic psychologist is both evaluator and treatment provider in juvenile competency situations.

Question 59

According to Sexton & Turner (2010), which functional family therapist will yield the most positive results for juveniles?

A) A bilingual therapist with a doctorate degree.
B) A well-trained therapist who is supervised by a PhD.
C) A therapist who is the same gender as the juvenile and vested in the company.
D) A therapist who is nurturing and appreciated by the juvenile.

Question 60

When evaluating a juvenile's amenability for rehabilitation, labeling the juvenile a psychopath would likely result in transfer to criminal court.

Question 61

Identify the provisions of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 that are relevant to juvenile corrections.

Question 62

Describe the process of juvenile sex offender assessment. What information should ideally be obtained?

Question 63

Explain why substance abuse models are essential to juvenile rehabilitation. Name and briefly describe one inpatient substance abuse treatment model.

Question 64

Who was Gerald Gault? Identify the four constitutional rights that were violated in his case.

Question 65

Describe cognitive-behavioral treatment. Provide an example of a program that uses this approach.

Question 66

Define a token-economy model. Which approach to rehabilitation used this model? For which group is this model not recommended?

Question 67

Why is it important to distinguish between detention and treatment/rehabilitation?

Question 68

Discuss Henggeler's model of multisystemic therapy including the treatment strategy used and the role of psychologists. What does the research suggest about the effectiveness of this model?

Question 69

Identify the major problems facing juvenile corrections at the end of the 20th century. Which of these problems continue today?

Question 70

Discuss reasons why juveniles as a group may be especially susceptible to waiving their constitutional rights and to making false confessions.