Deck 30: vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?

A) Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood.
B) Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
C) Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.
D) Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is

A) heme.
B) oxalic acid.
C) phenol.
D) pyridoxine.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?

A) vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C
B) vitamin D and vitamin K
C) vitamin E and vitamin A
D) thiamin and niacin

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?

A) coenzymes
B) binding factors
C) vitamins and minerals
D) supplements

Question 5

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in

A) fat.
B) calcium.
C) fiber.
D) vitamin C.

Question 6

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic; they are harmless even when consumed in megadose amounts.

Question 7

Macronutrients are more efficiently absorbed by the body than micronutrients.

Question 8

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 9

Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing

A) cataracts.
B) colon cancer.
C) osteoporosis.
D) type 2 diabetes.

Question 10

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate

A) the compound from which the vitamins are synthesized.
B) the order of importance that the vitamins play in the body.
C) the abbreviation of the vitamins' chemical name.
D) the chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.

Question 11

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as

A) ascorbic acid.
B) vitamin B₁₂.
C) vitamin K.
D) vitamin B₆.

Question 12

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?

A) vitamins A and D
B) vitamins C and K
C) vitamins E and B₁₂
D) thiamin and riboflavin

Question 13

Toxicity to water-soluble vitamins is most often due to the over-use of high-potency vitamin supplements.

Question 14

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?

A) ≥ 10
B) ≥ 50
C) ≥ 100
D) ≥ 200

Question 15

Fat-soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Question 16

Since vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods, they are considered non-essential nutrients.

Question 17

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver.
B) Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat.

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

A) iron
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) calcium

Question 19

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?

A) pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
B) retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid
C) cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
D) phylloquinone and menaquinone

Question 20

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who

A) do not eat green vegetables.
B) avoid dairy products.
C) have a fat malabsorption disorder.
D) are overweight.

Question 21

Research shows that smokers benefit from daily supplements of beta carotene.

Question 22

Even individuals who eat a variety of healthy foods cannot meet their micronutrient needs from food alone and should take a daily supplement.

Question 23

The calcium in calcium fortified orange juice is well absorbed.

Question 24

Mineral supplements are made in the laboratory from plant sources.

Question 25

Most minerals are absorbed better from animal food sources than from supplements.