Deck 24: fluid Imbalance

Question 1

A fluid loss greater than what percentage of body weight can result in organ failure, coma, and death?

A) 2 percent
B) 3 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 8 percent

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The MOST serious type of heat illness is heat

A) syncope.
B) cramps.
C) stroke.
D) exhaustion.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Any person who is active in a hot environment should stop exercising if

A) they feel dizzy, light-headed, disoriented or nauseous.
B) their respirations increase in rate and depth.
C) they feel like their muscles are fatigued.
D) their heart rate increases.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?

A) pregnant women and the elderly
B) adolescents and children
C) infants and pregnant women
D) infants and the elderly

Question 5

The most effective treatment for heat stroke is to cool the body and seek immediate medical assistance.

Question 6

Clear to pale colored urine is a good indicator of good hydration status.

Question 7

One of the reasons the elderly are at high risk of dehydration is that their thirst mechanism is less effective than younger people.

Question 8

Hyperventilation, core body temperature above 40°C or 105°F, hot and dry skin, and rapid pulse are all symptoms of what type of heat illness?

A) heat stroke
B) heat exhaustion
C) heat syncope
D) heat cramps

Question 9

Which of following does NOT explain why infants are at a higher risk of dehydration compared to adults?

A) Infants excrete urine at a higher rate.
B) Infants cannot tell parents or caregivers when they are thirsty.
C) Infants have a greater ratio of body surface area to body core.
D) Infants have a lower total body water percentage.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for preventing heat-related deaths in high school and collegiate athletes?

A) regular fluid breaks for athletes
B) changing the time of events to avoid periods of high heat and humidly
C) canceling training and competition during periods of high heat and humidity
D) attendance of a certified athletic trainer at all sporting events

Question 11

After completing a 10K run, Bonita notices that her urine is brown and similar to the color of cola. What does this indicate about Bonita's hydration status?

A) She is well hydrated.
B) She may be inadequately hydrated and needs to replace fluids.
C) She is suffering from severe dehydration and needs treatment immediately.
D) The color of urine is not a reliable indicator of hydration status.

Question 12

A potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms is heat

A) hypertension.
B) fever.
C) dehydration.
D) stroke.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment of heat exhaustion?

A) Relocate to a cool location and drink a sports beverage.
B) Loosen clothing and cool the body with a shower or bath.
C) Seek medical attention if symptoms do not subside within an hour.
D) Place a heating pad in an area of the body where blood circulates close to the surface.

Question 14

Heat cramps that develop during vigorous physical activity in hot temperatures are due to

A) a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
B) blood flow being diverted away from the muscles to the heart.
C) an internal body temperature exceeding 105°F.
D) an elevation in blood pressure.

Question 15

Heat exhaustion is the most severe form of heat illness.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?

A) Bill, who has the flu and has been suffering from vomiting and diarrhea for three days
B) Mario, who has diabetes with a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL
C) Maria, who is a bulimic and vomits after every meal
D) Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives

Question 17

Athletes are more likely to develop a heat illness on hot and humid days. Why?

A) The kidneys do not reabsorb water as well on hot and humid days.
B) The thirst mechanism is not as acute on hot and humid days.
C) In hot and humid weather the body cannot dissipate heat via evaporation of sweat.
D) On hot and humid days, blood flow is diverted away from the extremities, and the body cannot be cooled as fast.

Question 18

Infants are very vulnerable to dehydration because they have a smaller ratio of body surface area to body core, causing them to lose more water than an older child.

Question 19

Bert goes to the gym and works out strenuously for about 45 minutes. After his exercise bout he weighs himself and notices that he has lost a pound. How much fluid should he drink to rehydrate his body?

A) 1 cup
B) 2 cups
C) 3 cups
D) 4 cups

Question 20

The underlying reason for the differences in the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion versus heat stroke is

A) the duration of sun exposure.
B) the level of intensity of exertion.
C) the hydration level of the body.
D) the failure of the body's sweat mechanism.

Question 21

One of the symptoms of heat exhaustion is cessation of body sweating.

Question 22

People who have excess body fat have difficulty dissipating heat during exercise.

Question 23

Heat cramps are caused by fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 24

Strict guidelines are in place to prevent heat-related deaths in high school and collegiate athletes.

Question 25

Hot and humid environments increase the risk of heat illness because sweat does not evaporate and the body cannot cool itself.