Deck 11: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Question 1

Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate?

A) a 28-year-old conditioned male athlete
B) a 28-year-old overweight woman
C) a 28-year-old normal weight male
D) a 28-year-old pregnant woman

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In men, a waist-to-hip ratio higher than what is associated with an increased risk for chronic disease?

A) 0.80
B) 0.90
C) 18.5
D) 30.0

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which nutrient requires the LEAST amount of energy to digest, transport, and store?

A) carbohydrate
B) alcohol
C) fat
D) protein

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Research studies have shown that the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension begins to increase at a BMI greater than

A) 24 kg/m2.
B) 30 kg/m2.
C) 35 kg/m2.
D) 40 kg/m2.

Question 5

Lance would like to lose two pounds a week. If his present energy intake is 4,200 kcal a day and his energy expenditure does not change, how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal?

A) 2,000
B) 2,500
C) 3,200
D) 3,700

Question 6

Having an excess of body weight that negatively affects health is called

A) underweight.
B) overweight.
C) obesity.
D) normal weight.

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food?

A) 5 to 10 percent
B) 5 to 20 percent
C) 5 to 40 percent
D) 5 to 60 percent

Question 8

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it

A) is difficult to determine.
B) does not take body composition into account.
C) is not a good indicator of health risks.
D) is not accurate when used on women.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?

A) energy consumed minus energy expended
B) energy expended minus energy consumed
C) energy expended plus energy consumed
D) energy consumed equals energy expended

Question 10

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for which kind of disease?

A) respiratory
B) gastrointestinal
C) liver
D) heart

Question 11

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's

A) gender.
B) fat body mass.
C) lean body mass.
D) age.

Question 12

Robin's dinner contains 750 kilocalories. What is the minimum amount of kilocalories that Robin will expend in order to process this meal?

A) 7 kcal
B) 25 kcal
C) 38 kcal
D) 113 kcal

Question 13

Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 1.8 m (5'10") tall and weighs 77.3 kg (170 lb). How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?

A) 1,375 kcal
B) 1,855 kcal
C) 3,024 kcal
D) 3,360 kcal

Question 14

The three components of total energy expenditure include

A) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis.
B) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
C) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity.
D) basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthy body weight"?

A) a weight appropriate for your age and physical development
B) a weight compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance
C) a weight that is acceptable to you
D) a weight that is acceptable to society

Question 16

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called

A) the basal metabolic rate.
B) the nutrient expenditure quotient.
C) the thermic effect of food.
D) adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 17

Body mass index (BMI) is BEST described as

A) the percentage of an individual's body weight as compared to a reference standard.
B) an individual's body density squared.
C) a ratio of an individual's fat tissue to their lean tissue mass squared.
D) a ratio of an individual's body weight to their height squared.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function?

A) respiration (inhaling and exhaling air)
B) circulation of your blood and lymph
C) walking up stairs
D) maintaining your body temperature

Question 19

Serena is 1.7 m (5'8") tall and weighs 82 kg (180 lb). Serena's BMI indicates that she is

A) underweight.
B) at a healthy weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 20

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that 1 cup contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. How many kilocalories are there in two cups of this cereal?

A) 162
B) 187
C) 256
D) 324

Question 21

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?

A) The individual will lose mostly adipose tissue.
B) The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.
C) The individual will lose both adipose and lean body tissue.
D) The individual will not lose any body weight.

Question 22

Leptin is a hormone produced by what kind of cells?

A) liver cells
B) pancreatic cells
C) muscle cells
D) adipose cells

Question 23

On average, an individual's BMR decreases approximately 3 to 5 percent per decade after they reach what age?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Question 24

Which of the following does NOT result in satiety?

A) expansion of the stomach
B) nutrient absorption from the small intestine
C) decrease in blood sugar
D) the release of PYY into the bloodstream

Question 25

You weighed a team of football players and, according to their Body Mass Index, they are categorized as overweight and obese. Which of the following would you MOST LIKELY conclude?

A) The majority are probably obese and should make efforts to lose weight.
B) Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated BMIs.
C) Their bones may be well mineralized, which is responsible for their BMI.
D) The BMI tables must be wrong; throw them out.

Question 26

In theory, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks (e.g., about 28 days)?

A) 0.23 kg (0.5 lb)
B) 0.92 kg (2 lb)
C) 1.4 kg (3 lb)
D) 1.8 kg (4 lb)

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an example of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet?

A) the Atkins diet
B) Sugar Busters
C) the DASH diet
D) Protein Power

Question 28

What is the U.S. National Weight Control Registry?

A) a list of medical doctors specially trained at treating individuals with obesity
B) a government agency that monitors fad diets for quackery
C) recommendations from hundreds of registered dietitians suggesting ways to achieve a healthy body weight
D) an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have lost at least 30 pounds and maintained their weight for at least one year

Question 29

One pound (454 g) of body fat is equal to how many kilocalories?

A) 2,500
B) 3,000
C) 3,500
D) 4,000

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary components of a sound weight change plan?

A) gradual change in energy intake
B) incorporation of regular and appropriate physical activity
C) application of behavior modification techniques
D) a change of more than 1 kg (2 lb) per week

Question 31

Being underweight increases a person's risk of developing

A) infection and illness.
B) high blood pressure.
C) sleep apnea.
D) type 1 diabetes.

Question 32

Miguel weighs 114 kg (250 lb) and is trying to lose weight. He decides to start an exercise program and starts walking (3.2 kph) for 30 minutes, five days a week. This activity burns 0.044 kcal/kg body weight/minute. How many additional kilocalories will Miguel burn each week with this exercise regime?

A) 290
B) 560
C) 750
D) 980

Question 33

A protein hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates appetite is

A) leptin.
B) PYY.
C) uncoupling protein.
D) ghrelin.

Question 34

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for someone who is trying to gain weight?

A) Eat an additional 500 to 1,000 kcal a day.
B) Do not exercise.
C) Eat small, frequent meals.
D) Eat approximately 25 to 30% of kilocalories from fat.

Question 35

Which of the following is FALSE abut Peptide YY (PYY)?

A) decreases appetite and inhibits food intake
B) is a protein produced in the GI tract
C) is released proportional to the number of calories eaten
D) occurs in higher levels in obese people

Question 36

Which of these is the MOST important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss?

A) calories
B) protein
C) carbohydrates
D) fat

Question 37

Which of the following is the part of the body in control of hunger regulation, by detecting and responding to the body's physiological signals?

A) the stomach
B) the hypothalamus
C) the small intestine
D) the mouth

Question 38

Ghrelin is

A) a gastric protein that stimulates appetite.
B) an intestinal hormone that raises insulin concentrations.
C) a hormone produced by fat cells that decreases appetite.
D) an intestinal protein that decreases blood glucose levels.

Question 39

Which of the following does NOT increase food intake?

A) beta-endorphins
B) neuropeptide Y
C) serotonin
D) decreased blood glucose levels

Question 40

The thrifty gene theory suggests that

A) our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range.
B) some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people.
C) adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
D) our adult weight is determined by our weight at birth.

Question 41

A woman with a hip-to-waist ratio higher than .80 is at an increased risk for the development of some chronic diseases.

Question 42

One distinct advantage of the BMI is that it is able to account for body composition.

Question 43

Because minerals and vitamins have no energy value, they can be disregarded when calculating a day's total energy intake.

Question 44

Which of the following does BMI apply to?

A) pregnant women
B) adolescents
C) children
D) adults

Question 45

The basal metabolic rate accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day.

Question 46

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is the amount of lean body mass one has.

Question 47

A body mass index (BMI) between 35.0 and 39.9 is classified as

A) underweight.
B) overweight.
C) obese-class I.
D) obese-class II.

Question 48

Individuals with a BMI of less than 18.5 have an increased risk of health problems and death.

Question 49

BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition.

Question 50

Lower-body obesity significantly increases one's risk for chronic disease.

Question 51

Individuals with a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 are classified as

A) overweight.
B) obese.
C) at a healthy weight.
D) underweight.

Question 52

A person who is ill with a fever will experience

A) an increased basal metabolic rate.
B) a decreased basal metabolic rate.
C) an increased thermic effect of food.
D) a decreased thermic effect of food.

Question 53

Over winter break, Matthew returned home and celebrated the holidays with his extended family. With all of the rich meals he enjoyed at several holiday feasts, and the plentiful snacks while watching football games, he gained 2.3 kg (5 lb) in twenty-one days. On average, how many Calories per day did he consume in excess of his body's needs?

A) 512
B) 3,500
C) 833
D) 1,568

Question 54

The cells in the hypothalamus that are triggered by low blood glucose and signal hunger are known as

A) eating cells.
B) feeding cells.
C) adipose cells.
D) hunger cells.

Question 55

People with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 are considered

A) overweight.
B) obese.
C) at a healthy weight.
D) morbidly obese.

Question 56

Pear-shaped fat patterning is more common in men than in women.

Question 57

The majority of obese people have a depressed basal metabolic rate.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a function of uncoupling proteins?

A) inhibit ATP formation
B) improve resistance to weight gain and obesity
C) stimulate appetite
D) increase energy loss through body heat

Question 59

BIA, Skinfolds and the Bod Pod are

A) methods to assess body composition.
B) neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of metabolic functions.
C) fat weight loss schemes.
D) strength exercises for injured muscles.

Question 60

A person with which of the following BMI values has the highest increased risk for premature mortality?

A) 30 kg/m2
B) 35 kg/m2
C) 16 kg/m2
D) 18.5 kg/m2

Question 61

An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.

Question 62

The type of fat distribution pattern associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease is known as pear-shaped fat patterning.

Question 63

People trying to gain weight should eat slightly more than half of their kilocalories from complex carbohydrates.

Question 64

Cultural factors can influence both food choices and levels of physical activity, and thus contribute to weight gain.

Question 65

How does BMI provide an important clue to your overall health?

Question 66

Define underweight, overweight and obesity.

Question 67

Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance in energy intake versus energy expenditure.

Question 68

Describe how bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) works. What are some of the challenges of using it?

Question 69

Over secretion of the hormone leptin will result in weight gain.

Question 70

The thermic effect of fat is higher than that of carbohydrate or protein.

Question 71

The energy we expend to maintain respiration and circulation is known as the energy cost of physical activity.

Question 72

Calculate Julie's BMI based on her height of 157 cm and her weight of 66 kg. How would you classify Julie's BMI? (Remember to show your work.)

Question 73

Appetite is a learned behavior.

Question 74

Heat-producing brown adipose tissue containing uncoupling proteins has been found only in animals and newborn humans.

Question 75

Describe 3 important limitations of using BMI to predict health risk.

Question 76

The shoulder-to-hip ratio is useful to assess one's fat distribution pattern and future chronic disease risk.

Question 77

Serotonin and cholecystokinin increase satiety in humans.

Question 78

The set-point theory suggests that our bodies are designed to maintain our weight within a narrow range.

Question 79

BMI is calculated by taking an individual's body weight (in kilograms) divided by their height2 (in meters).

Question 80

Waist circumference alone can indicate one's risk for chronic disease.