Deck 11: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Question 1

A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called

A)overweight.
B)obesity.
C)morbid obesity.
D)severe obesity.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function?

A)respiration (inhaling and exhaling air)
B)circulation of your blood and lymph
C)walking up stairs
D)maintaining your body temperature

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called

A)the basal metabolic rate.
B)the nutrient expenditure quotient.
C)the thermic effect of food.
D)adaptive thermogenesis.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it

A)is difficult to determine.
B)does not take body composition into account.
C)is not a good indicator of health risks.
D)is not accurate when used on women.

Question 5

Body mass index (BMI) is BEST described as

A)the percentage of an individual's body weight as compared to a reference standard.
B)an individual's body density squared.
C)a ratio of an individual's fat tissue to their lean tissue mass squared.
D)a ratio of an individual's body weight to their height squared.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?

A)energy consumed minus energy expended
B)energy expended minus energy consumed
C)energy expended plus energy consumed
D)energy consumed equals energy expended

Question 7

Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 5'10" tall and weighs 170 pounds. How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?

A)1,375 kcal
B)1,855 kcal
C)3,024 kcal
D)3,360 kcal

Question 8

Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food?

A)5 to 10 percent
B)5 to 20 percent
C)5 to 40 percent
D)5 to 60 percent

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthy body weight?"

A)a weight appropriate for your age and physical development
B)a weight compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance
C)a weight that is acceptable to you
D)a weight that is acceptable to society

Question 10

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that 1 cup contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. How many kilocalories are there in two cups of this cereal?

A)162
B)187
C)256
D)324

Question 11

Lance would like to lose two pounds a week. If his present energy intake is 4,200 kcal a day and his energy expenditure does not change, how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal?

A)2,000
B)2,500
C)3,200
D)3,700

Question 12

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for which kind of disease?

A)respiratory
B)gastrointestinal
C)liver
D)heart

Question 13

In men, a waist-to-hip ratio higher than what is associated with an increased risk for chronic disease?

A)0.80
B)0.90
C)18.5
D)30.0

Question 14

Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate?

A)a 28-year-old conditioned male athlete
B)a 28-year-old overweight woman
C)a 28-year-old normal weight male
D)a 28-year-old pregnant woman

Question 15

Robin's dinner contains 750 kilocalories. What is the minimum amount of kilocalories that Robin will expend in order to process this meal?

A)7 kcal
B)25 kcal
C)38 kcal
D)113 kcal

Question 16

The three components of total energy expenditure include

A)basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis.
B)basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
C)basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity.
D)basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 17

Serena is 5'8" tall and weighs 180 pounds. Serena's BMI indicates that she is

A)underweight.
B)at a healthy weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.

Question 18

Research studies have shown that the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension begins to increase at a BMI greater than

A)24 kg/m2.
B)30 kg/m2.
C)35 kg/m2.
D)40 kg/m2.

Question 19

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's

A)gender.
B)fat body mass.
C)lean body mass.
D)age.

Question 20

Which nutrient requires the LEAST amount of energy to digest, transport, and store?

A)carbohydrate
B)alcohol
C)fat
D)protein

Question 21

Leptin is a hormone produced by what kind of cells?

A)liver cells
B)pancreatic cells
C)muscle cells
D)adipose cells

Question 22

In theory, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks (e.g., about 28 days)?

A)0.5 lbs
B)2 lbs
C)3 lbs
D)4 lbs

Question 23

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?

A)The individual will lose mostly adipose tissue.
B)The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.
C)The individual will lose both adipose and lean body tissue.
D)The individual will not lose any body weight.

Question 24

Which of these is the MOST important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss?

A)calories
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)fat

Question 25

Which of the following does NOT increase food intake?

A)beta-endorphins
B)neuropeptide Y
C)serotonin
D)decreased blood glucose levels

Question 26

Ghrelin is

A)a gastric protein that stimulates appetite.
B)an intestinal hormone that raises insulin concentrations.
C)a hormone produced by fat cells that decreases appetite.
D)an intestinal protein that decreases blood glucose levels.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary components of a sound weight change plan?

A)gradual change in energy intake
B)incorporation of regular and appropriate physical activity
C)application of behavior modification techniques
D)a change of more than 2 pounds per week

Question 28

Being underweight increases a person's risk of developing

A)infection and illness.
B)high blood pressure.
C)sleep apnea.
D)type 1 diabetes.

Question 29

You weighed a team of football players and, according to their Body Mass Index, they are categorized as overweight and obese. Which of the following would you MOST LIKELY conclude?

A)The majority are probably obese and should make efforts to lose weight.
B)Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated BMIs.
C)Their bones may be well mineralized, which is responsible for their BMI.
D)The BMI tables must be wrong; throw them out.

Question 30

Miguel weighs 250 pounds and is trying to lose weight. He decides to start an exercise program and starts walking (2 mph) for 30 minutes, five days a week. This activity burns 0.044 kcal/kg body weight/minute. How many additional kilocalories will Miguel burn each week with this exercise regime?

A)290
B)560
C)750
D)980

Question 31

Which of the following does NOT result in satiety?

A)expansion of the stomach
B)nutrient absorption from the small intestine
C)decrease in blood sugar
D)the release of PYY into the bloodstream

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an example of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet?

A)the Atkins diet
B)Sugar Busters
C)the DASH diet
D)Protein Power

Question 33

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for someone who is trying to gain weight?

A)Eat an additional 500 to 1,000 kcal a day.
B)Do not exercise.
C)Eat small, frequent meals.
D)Eat approximately 25 to 30% of kilocalories from fat.

Question 34

One pound of body fat is equal to how many kilocalories?

A)2,500
B)3,000
C)3,500
D)4,000

Question 35

On average, an individual's BMR decreases approximately 3 to 5 percent per decade after they reach what age?

A)20
B)30
C)50
D)70

Question 36

What is the National Weight Control Registry?

A)a list of medical doctors specially trained at treating individuals with obesity
B)a government agency that monitors fad diets for quackery
C)recommendations from hundreds of registered dietitians suggesting ways to achieve a healthy body weight
D)an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have lost at least 30 pounds and maintained their weight for at least one year

Question 37

Which of the following is the part of the body in control of hunger regulation, by detecting and responding to the body's physiological signals?

A)the stomach
B)the hypothalamus
C)the small intestine
D)the mouth

Question 38

A protein hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates appetite is

A)leptin.
B)PYY.
C)uncoupling protein.
D)ghrelin.

Question 39

The thrifty gene theory suggests that

A)our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range.
B)some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people.
C)adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
D)our adult weight is determined by our weight at birth.

Question 40

Which of the following is FALSE abut Peptide YY (PYY)?

A)decreases appetite and inhibits food intake
B)is a protein produced in the GI tract
C)is released proportional to the number of calories eaten
D)occurs in higher levels in obese people

Question 41

The thermic effect of fat is higher than that of carbohydrate or protein.

Question 42

One distinct advantage of the BMI is that it is able to account for body composition.

Question 43

A woman with a hip-to-waist ratio higher than .80 is at an increased risk for the development of some chronic diseases.

Question 44

Waist circumference alone can indicate one's risk for chronic disease.

Question 45

The basal metabolic rate accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day.

Question 46

The majority of obese people have a depressed basal metabolic rate.

Question 47

People with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 are considered

A)overweight.
B)obese.
C)at a healthy weight.
D)morbidly obese.

Question 48

BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition.

Question 49

The cells in the hypothalamus that are triggered by low blood glucose and signal hunger are known as

A)eating cells.
B)feeding cells.
C)adipose cells.
D)hunger cells.

Question 50

Over winter break, Matthew returned home and celebrated the holidays with his extended family. With all of the rich meals he enjoyed at several holiday feasts, and the plentiful snacks while watching football games, he gained 5 pounds in twenty-one days. On average, how many Calories per day did he consume in excess of his body's needs?

A)512
B)3,500
C)833
D)1,568

Question 51

Because minerals and vitamins have no energy value, they can be disregarded when calculating a day's total energy intake.

Question 52

A person with which of the following BMI values has the highest increased risk for premature mortality?

A)30 kg/m2
B)35 kg/m2
C)16 kg/m2
D)18.5 kg/m2

Question 53

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is the amount of lean body mass one has.

Question 54

Pear-shaped fat patterning is more common in men than in women.

Question 55

A person who is ill with a fever will experience

A)an increased basal metabolic rate.
B)a decreased basal metabolic rate.
C)an increased thermic effect of food.
D)a decreased thermic effect of food.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a function of uncoupling proteins?

A)inhibit ATP formation
B)improve resistance to weight gain and obesity
C)stimulate appetite
D)increase energy loss through body heat

Question 57

Individuals with a BMI of less than 18.5 have an increased risk of health problems and death.

Question 58

Individuals with a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 are classified as

A)overweight.
B)obese.
C)at a healthy weight.
D)underweight.

Question 59

Over secretion of the hormone leptin will result in weight gain.

Question 60

Lower-body obesity significantly increases one's risk for chronic disease.

Question 61

Describe the methods that are presently used to determine body composition. What are the strengths and limitations of each?

Question 62

Describe how cultural and economic factors can influence food choices and body weight.

Question 63

Describe the thrifty gene and set point theories and how they relate to the genetic influences on body weight.

Question 64

Many popular fad diet plans do not result in long-term, healthful weight changes. Describe characteristics of a fad diet, and explain why they often fail.

Question 65

The early weight loss often seen on a high-protein diet is actually a result of

A)a loss of water that is released when glycogen stores are broken down.
B)a loss of body muscle as the high protein stimulates proteolysis.
C)a loss of adipose tissue and total fat stores.
D)lower caloric intake.

Question 66

The set-point theory suggests that our bodies are designed to maintain our weight within a narrow range.

Question 67

Scott wants to begin a weight-loss program. What specific and practical suggestions can you give him to reduce his energy intake?

Question 68

Heat-producing brown adipose tissue containing uncoupling proteins has been found only in animals and newborn humans.

Question 69

Serotonin and cholecystokinin increase satiety in humans.

Question 70

The energy we expend to maintain respiration and circulation is known as the energy cost of physical activity.

Question 71

Cultural factors can influence both food choices and levels of physical activity, and thus contribute to weight gain.

Question 72

The type of fat distribution pattern associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease is known as pear-shaped fat patterning.

Question 73

What physiological, social, and psychological factors contribute to obesity?

Question 74

An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.

Question 75

High-protein diets are typically high in fat and low in carbohydrate.

Question 76

BMI is calculated by taking an individual's body weight (in kilograms) divided by their height2 (in meters).

Question 77

The shoulder-to-hip ratio is useful to assess one's fat distribution pattern and future chronic disease risk.

Question 78

Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance in energy intake versus energy expenditure.

Question 79

People trying to gain weight should eat slightly more than half of their kilocalories from complex carbohydrates.

Question 80

Appetite is a learned behavior.