Deck 10: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism and Blood Health

Question 1

Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with

A)folate.
B)niacin.
C)thiamin.
D)riboflavin.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which statement regarding thiamin is FALSE?

A)It plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy.
B)It plays a role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
C)It is often toxic when consumed in excess.
D)It acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?

A)dermatitis
B)diarrhea
C)dementia
D)dizziness

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The primary sources of folate in the American diet are

A)milk and dairy products.
B)fresh fruits and vegetables.
C)meat, fish, and poultry.
D)enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products.

Question 5

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?

A)citrus fruits
B)green leafy vegetables
C)milk
D)whole and enriched cereals and grains

Question 6

Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with

A)Down's syndrome.
B)gestational diabetes.
C)neural tube defects.
D)pellagra.

Question 7

Chromium assists in the uptake of which of the following?

A)calcium
B)sodium
C)potassium
D)glucose

Question 8

Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?

A)niacin
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 9

Which of these nutrients is destroyed by exposure to light?

A)riboflavin
B)iron
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin D

Question 10

What is transamination?

A)a deficiency of vitamin B₆
B)a symptom of niacin toxicity
C)a key process in the creation of nonessential amino acids
D)vitamin deficiency resulting from inadequate protein intake

Question 11

Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for the proper functioning of which type of cells?

A)epithelial (skin)
B)nerve
C)gastric (stomach)
D)hepatic (liver)

Question 12

What is the primary role of the B-vitamins?

A)provide the body with energy
B)act as coenzymes
C)maintain and repair body tissues
D)maintain acid-base balance

Question 13

Pellagra was first seen in populations where the dietary staple was

A)white rice.
B)unpasteurized milk.
C)corn.
D)wheat.

Question 14

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with the decreased absorption and utilization of

A)glucose.
B)thiamin.
C)riboflavin.
D)protein.

Question 15

Good sources of riboflavin include

A)milk, meats, and green vegetables.
B)refined grains and pork.
C)citrus fruits and berries.
D)potatoes, carrots, and bananas.

Question 16

A person suffering from fatigue, muscle wasting, and nerve damage is likely suffering from which of the following deficiency diseases?

A)cretinism
B)beriberi
C)pellagra
D)macrocytic anemia

Question 17

A toxicity of folate can disguise a true deficiency of which nutrient, resulting in nerve damage?

A)niacin
B)vitamin B₆
C)iron
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 18

What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?

A)dizziness
B)diarrhea
C)fatigue
D)flushing

Question 19

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo?

A)Folate is needed for proper cell division.
B)Folate is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance.
C)Folate regulates bone formation.
D)Folate is essential for heart function.

Question 20

The first B-vitamin discovered was

A)thiamin.
B)niacin.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B₁₂.

Question 21

Prothrombin and factor VII are

A)hormones that regulate the pH of the blood.
B)proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood.
C)cofactors of energy metabolism.
D)transport proteins that aid in the absorption of iron.

Question 22

Which of the following individuals would be at risk for a vitamin K deficiency?

A)a 55-year-old perimenopausal woman
B)a 16-year-old adolescent who drinks 4 to 5 cans of soda each day
C)a 30-year-old with Crohn's disease
D)a 6-year-old child who does not eat any vegetables

Question 23

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of which kind of hormones?

A)estrogen
B)growth
C)thyroid
D)androgen

Question 24

A person exhibiting symptoms of impaired work performance, general fatigue, pale skin, depressed immune function, impaired cognitive and nerve function, and impaired memory is likely suffering from

A)pernicious anemia.
B)neural tube defects.
C)macrocytic anemia.
D)iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 25

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that bled a lot before it clotted. Which of the following deficiencies might cause increased bleeding?

A)vitamin K
B)iron
C)copper
D)zinc

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin K?

A)exposure to sunlight
B)spinach
C)soybean oil
D)intestinal bacteria

Question 27

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is

A)myoglobin.
B)hemoglobin.
C)hematocrit.
D)hemosiderin.

Question 28

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Bob to follow to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron?

A)eating meat with beans and vegetables
B)drinking a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal
C)drinking a glass of milk with his iron supplement
D)cooking his foods in cast-iron pans

Question 29

A deficiency of which nutrient has been associated with convulsions and dermatitis in infants?

A)vitamin B₆
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)folate
D)pantothenic acid

Question 30

Which of the following will impair iron absorption?

A)low amounts of stomach acid
B)low dietary intake of iron
C)iron-deficiency anemia
D)chronic blood loss

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?

A)liver
B)spleen
C)bone marrow
D)kidney

Question 32

Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because

A)absorption of vitamin K from dietary sources is close to 100%.
B)most foods contain some vitamin K.
C)intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K.
D)the majority of people take vitamin K supplements.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a vitamin?

A)pantothenic acid
B)biotin
C)choline
D)riboflavin

Question 34

Which of the following provides 100% of the RDA of folate?

A)1 cup cooked spaghetti
B)1 cup cooked broccoli
C)1 cup cooked spinach
D)3/4 cup of whole grain Total cereal

Question 35

High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with the development of

A)diabetes.
B)heart disease.
C)neural tube defects.
D)osteoporosis.

Question 36

The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency?

A)herbal tea
B)raw egg whites
C)natural licorice
D)grapefruit juice

Question 37

A lack of dietary iodine during pregnancy is the primary cause of which of the following medical conditions, worldwide?

A)goiters
B)neural tube defects
C)anemia
D)cretinism

Question 38

The meat factor is

A)a special quality found in meat, poultry, and fish that enhances iron absorption.
B)the protein carrier needed by the body to absorb dietary manganese, folate, or vitamin B₆.
C)a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of protein and fat.
D)the increased absorption of dietary folate by the mother during pregnancy.

Question 39

A goiter can result from

A)too much or too little iodine in the diet.
B)choline supplementation.
C)cretinism.
D)excess dietary chromium.

Question 40

Which component of the blood is essential in transporting oxygen to body cells?

A)leukocytes
B)platelets
C)erythrocytes
D)plasma

Question 41

The phytates and fiber found in whole grains and beans strongly inhibit absorption of which nutrient?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)B₁₂
D)B₆

Question 42

Which of the following is a molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it and help it do its job?

A)a transport protein
B)collagen
C)a coenzyme
D)a prion

Question 43

A lack of intrinsic factor can lead to what form of anemia?

A)microcytic
B)pernicious
C)megaloblastic
D)sickle cell

Question 44

The fluid portion of the blood is called

A)lymph.
B)hemoglobin.
C)platelets.
D)plasma.

Question 45

Which mineral increases insulin's effectiveness in cells?

A)selenium
B)chromium
C)fluoride
D)copper

Question 46

Which kind of severe deficiency results in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic) anemia?

A)folate
B)iron
C)B₆
D)zinc

Question 47

The transport protein for iron is

A)heme.
B)hemosiderin.
C)ferritin.
D)transferrin.

Question 48

The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells is called

A)homocysteine.
B)hemocysteine.
C)hemoglobin.
D)myoglobin.

Question 49

Iron absorption is highest when

A)iron stores are high.
B)iron stores are low.
C)stomach acid is low.
D)iron intake is high.

Question 50

Which mineral's absorption is enhanced greatly by vitamin C?

A)chromium
B)iron
C)sulfur
D)manganese

Question 51

A genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron absoprtion is

A)sickle cell anemia.
B)hemochromatosis.
C)beriberi.
D)pellagra.

Question 52

Which of the following is associated with increased absorption of zinc?

A)vegetarian diet
B)growth
C)aging
D)illness

Question 53

Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following levels in the body?

A)hemoglobin
B)hematocrit
C)transferrin
D)ferritin

Question 54

Zinc is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in

A)bone health.
B)the transport of iron to cells.
C)brain function.
D)sexual maturation.

Question 55

In the United States, accidental overdose of which of the following is the most common cause of poisoning deaths in children under six?

A)folate
B)iron
C)zinc
D)lead

Question 56

The B-vitamins provide a good source of energy for the body.

Question 57

A major dietary source of iodine worldwide is

A)dairy products.
B)salt water fish.
C)iodized table salt.
D)fruits and vegetables.

Question 58

A severe vitamin B₁₂ deficiency results what form of anemia?

A)sickle cell
B)thalessemia
C)pernicious
D)microcytic

Question 59

What is the most common nutrient deficiency, worldwide?

A)calcium
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)folate
D)iron

Question 60

Which of the following are red blood cells that transport oxygen through the body?

A)erythrocytes
B)hemoglobin
C)myoglobin
D)leukocytes

Question 61

Without adequate vitamin K, blood does not clot properly and bleeding problems can develop.

Question 62

Non-heme iron is found in both animal- and plant-based foods.

Question 63

Individuals suffering from a zinc deficiency should include more whole and enriched grains in their diets.

Question 64

A deficiency of thiamin leads to the development of pellagra.

Question 65

High zinc intakes can inhibit the absorption of copper.

Question 66

There are no known side effects associated with consuming large amounts of vitamin K from supplements or food.

Question 67

The human body typically absorbs less than 20% of the iron consumed in the diet.

Question 68

Milk is a good source of riboflavin.

Question 69

Vitamin K deficiency is associated with an overgrowth of intestinal bacteria.

Question 70

Adequate folate consumption is the most critical during the last trimester of pregnancy.

Question 71

Men are at a greater risk for iron deficiency than women.

Question 72

Heme iron is absorbed better than non-heme iron.

Question 73

Because of a condition known as atrophic gastritis, older adults sometimes need to be given periodic injections of B₁₂.

Question 74

Inadequate intake of folate during pregnancy is associated with major birth defects.

Question 75

Blood is the only fluid tissue in the human body.

Question 76

Diets rich in vitamin B₆, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ are associated with reduced blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine.

Question 77

Thiamin, consumed in excess, is toxic.

Question 78

Vitamin C impairs the absorption of iron.

Question 79

Iodine is naturally found in many foods and beverages.

Question 80

Because the absorption of dietary iron varies greatly, the RDA for iron is not adequate for most people.