Question 1

Leininger suggests nursing information be derived from individuals within the group being treated. This information is called:&#10;A) Ethnic.&#10;B) Emic.&#10;C) Ethic.&#10;D) Etic.

Accepted Answer

Leininger's theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the emic perspective, or the insider's view, of those being treated. This perspective includes their cultural beliefs, values, practices, and norms. Therefore, nursing information should be derived from individuals within the group being treated to ensure cultural congruence and improve patient outcomes.

Question 2

The goal of Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality is to provide _____________________ care to people of diverse cultures&#10;A) Holistic&#10;B) Medically appropriate&#10;C) Culture-specific and congruent&#10;D) Cross-cultural and sensitive

Accepted Answer

Leininger's theory aims to provide culture-specific and congruent care, meaning care that is tailored to the specific cultural beliefs and practices of an individual or group. This approach recognizes the importance of cultural factors in influencing health and healing, and seeks to integrate cultural knowledge into the provision of care. While holistic, medically appropriate, and cross-cultural sensitivity are all important aspects of nursing care, Leininger's theory specifically emphasizes the need for culture-specific and congruent care.

Question 3

Anticipating the need for discovery of qualitative knowledge in her theory, Leininger created what types of definitions?&#10;A) Conceptual&#10;B) Operational&#10;C) Orientational&#10;D) Cultural

Accepted Answer

Leininger created orientational definitions to capture and convey subjective qualitative data related to culture and human experiences.

Question 4

To create culturally sensitive nursing actions and decisions, nurses should gather knowledge and information about:&#10;A) The patient's height, weight, and vital signs.&#10;B) The patient's past medical treatments.&#10;C) The patient's primary physician.&#10;D) The patient's personal health values and beliefs.

Accepted Answer

To create culturally sensitive nursing actions and decisions, nurses should gather knowledge and information about the patient's personal health values and beliefs, as these can vary greatly between different cultures and may influence their healthcare decisions and preferences. Gathering information about the patient's height, weight, vital signs, past medical treatments, and primary physician is important as well, but these factors are not as directly linked to cultural sensitivity.

Question 5

When working with clients using the Leininger model, the nurse is careful not to impose her or his own _________________views that may not be culturally sensitive or client-centered.&#10;A) Congruent&#10;B) Emic&#10;C) Etic&#10;D) Human

Accepted Answer

The Leininger model is based on the concepts of emic and etic orientations. The etic orientation refers to a universal perspective of health and illness that is not specific to any culture. The emic orientation, on the other hand, is specific to a particular culture and takes into account the clients' cultural beliefs, practices, and values. The nurse must avoid imposing their own etic views on the clients, as these may not be culturally sensitive or client-centered. Therefore, choice C, Etic, is the best answer.

Question 6

The research method used to discover largely covert, complex, and generally hidden care knowledge in cultures or subcultures is called:&#10;A) Ethical nursing.&#10;B) Econursing.&#10;C) Ethnonursing.&#10;D) Emic nursing.

Accepted Answer

Ethnonursing is a research method used to study the largely covert, complex, and generally hidden care knowledge in cultures or subcultures. It involves understanding the culture-specific meaning of nursing care and practices from the perspective of the insiders (emic) rather than imposing an outsider’s (etic) understanding of nursing care on the culture being studied. This helps in developing culturally congruent nursing care interventions. Ethical nursing is focused on ethical principles for making decisions about patient care, while econursing is focused on environmental sustainability and health. Emic nursing is not a commonly used term in nursing research.

Question 7

Leininger calls the ability to work with people of diverse cultures by being willing to provide different ways of care for different cultures ________________ Nursing.&#10;A) Transcultural&#10;B) Pancultural&#10;C) Cultural&#10;D) Holistic

Accepted Answer

Leininger's concept of providing care that is specific and respectful to diverse cultures is known as transcultural nursing. This goes beyond simply recognizing and respecting cultural differences but actively adapting care practices to better meet the unique needs and beliefs of each individual patient. Pancultural nursing refers to a broader approach that emphasizes commonalities and shared experiences across cultures, while cultural nursing and holistic nursing do not specifically address the challenges and opportunities of working with diverse cultural populations.

Question 8

To better understand the methodology for developing transcultural nursing practice, Leininger studied:&#10;A) Archaeology.&#10;B) Anthropology.&#10;C) Paleontology.&#10;D) Holistic medicine.

Accepted Answer

Leininger studied anthropology to better understand the methodology for developing transcultural nursing practice. Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior, and societies, including their cultures and traditions. This knowledge helped Leininger develop the concept of transcultural nursing, which focuses on providing culturally congruent and competent care to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Question 9

Observers conducting research via the ethnonursing method should interact with the interviewee as:&#10;A) Active observers.&#10;B) Theory authorities.&#10;C) Expert interviewers.&#10;D) Data collection experts.

Accepted Answer

Observers conducting research via the ethnonursing method should interact with the interviewee as active observers. This means that they should be present and engaged in the interview, actively listening, observing, and participating in the conversation in order to gain a deep understanding of the interviewee's perspective and experiences. While it is important for researchers to have knowledge and expertise in the area they are studying, they should not come into the interview as theory authorities, expert interviewers, or data collection experts. These roles prioritize the researcher's knowledge and skills, rather than the interviewee's experiences and perspectives.

Question 10

When conducting interviews using Leininger's theory as a guide, researchers listen to ______________ to understand an informant's views, beliefs, and practices.&#10;A) Informed sources&#10;B) Key informants&#10;C) General informants&#10;D) Subject informants

Accepted Answer

According to Leininger's theory, key informants are the individuals who possess in-depth knowledge about a particular topic or phenomenon of interest. Researchers conduct interviews with these informants and listen carefully to their views, beliefs, and practices to gain a comprehensive understanding of the cultural phenomenon being studied. Therefore, the best choice is B - key informants.

Deck 17: Madeline Leiningers Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality