Deck 9: Consumer Culture

Question 1

In the context of socialization, learning results in core societal values that are relatively enduring.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the context of learning culture, media is considered an influential institution today.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Cultural distance (CD) is independent of geographical distance between countries.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In Asian nations, where power distance is high, older people have more status than younger people.

Question 5

Consumption activities associated with a given role tend to be universal across cultures.

Question 6

Nonverbal communication cues have universally accepted standard meanings that are independent of their cultural contexts.

Question 7

Nations that are high in uncertainty avoidance will be quicker to adopt product or react to novel price promotions.

Question 8

Jane lives in a place where an individual is primarily identified as belonging to a particular family. Jane lives in a highly individualistic society.

Question 9

Popular culture captures cultural trends and shapes norms and sanctions within society.

Question 10

The core societal value (CSV) profile of a culture can influence the effectiveness of cultural shaping.

Question 11

The masculinity dimension of core societal value (CSV) captures traits such as caring, conciliation, and community.

Question 12

Role expectations define the types of products that are appropriate for a person within a role.

Question 13

International advertisements that make use of Globish slogans emphasize the correct use of English grammar.

Question 14

When marketers promote their products in foreign markets, translation of advertisements is sufficient for effective communication with the consumers.

Question 15

While tradition can be thought of as influencing culture, it can also be stated that, in the long run culture also defines tradition.

Question 16

An influx of nonnative media can influence the rate of acculturation.

Question 17

Translation-back translation is a way to try to produce translational equivalence.

Question 18

Long-term orientation prioritizes future rewards over short-term benefits.

Question 19

Every consumption act has an absolute meaning.

Question 20

Countries with relatively high cultural distance (CD) scores are more similar and tend to value the same types of consumption experiences.

Question 21

In the masculinity dimension of core societal value (CSV), femininity refers to the prominence of women in society.

Question 22

A consumer with a strong ethnic identification is most likely to quickly adopt products from a different culture.

Question 23

Role expectations are the primary basis for cultural norms and sanctions.

Question 24

Culture guides consumers in deciding the appropriate actions in various consumer situations.

Question 25

Cultural distance (CD) represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their core societal values (CSVs).

Question 26

In a nation low in uncertainty avoidance, the primary task of the marketer is to make the unfamiliar seem familiar.

Question 27

Low-power-distance nations tend to be less egalitarian.

Question 28

An acquired taste for flavors in some cultures, considered "unpalatable" in other cultures, is made possible through enculturation.

Question 29

In low-power-distance nations, marketing messages that make use of authority appeals are very effective in facilitating positive consumer response.

Question 30

In societies with a high long-term orientation, consumers tend to be spendthrift and indolent.

Question 31

Which of the following processes represents the way a person learns his or her native culture?

A) Acculturation
B) Enculturation
C) Acclimatization
D) Adaptation

Question 32

The extent to which scarcity drives actual purchase intentions is more pronounced among cultures high in uncertainty avoidance.

Question 33

_____ refers to the customs and accepted ways of structuring society.

A) Sanction
B) Adaptation
C) Tradition
D) Ethnocentrism

Question 34

Culver is a city in which both men and women are likely to be employed as nurses, even though traits such as caring, conciliation, and community are traditionally associated with women. Hence, Culver ranks high on the masculinity dimension of core societal value (CSV).

Question 35

Culture determines things that are socially rewarding or socially unrewarding.

Question 36

Consumers who are highly ethnocentric believe in purchasing globally and buy products from different cultures across the world.

Question 37

Aaron's community is generally perceived as adventurous with a pronounced inclination toward risk-taking and an aversion for the structured, routine life. According to the core societal value (CSV) dimensions, Aaron's community is low in _____.

A) uncertainty avoidance
B) power distance
C) individualism
D) masculinity

Question 38

Consumers can find value in marketing messages even if they do not understand the language used in the advertisement.

Question 39

_____ is a belief among consumers that their ethnic group is superior to others and that the products that come from their native land are superior to other products.

A) Consumer ethnocentrism
B) Consumer xenophilia
C) Consumer hedonism
D) Consumer affect

Question 40

In emerging cultures, marketers look for _____ as one of the signs of opportunities to do business.

A) free markets
B) command markets
C) markets with oligopoly
D) government-controlled markets

Question 41

The _____ approach represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their core societal values (CSVs).

A) cultural distance
B) cultural diffusion
C) cultural lag
D) cultural equity

Question 42

Which of the following is true of the Chinese principle of "guanxi"?

A) It is associated more with immediate payoffs.
B) It refers to a higher degree of implicit trust among exchange partners.
C) It refers to reciprocation of a good deed with a good deed.
D) It presents barriers for credit card companies.

Question 43

Unlike highly collectivistic societies, highly individualistic societies:

A) are extremely loyal to the groups to which they belong.
B) are uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.
C) place high value on self-reliance.
D) tend to live in extended families.

Question 44

YouSparkle, a cosmetics company, is planning to expand its business to South America and the Middle East. Their range of makeup is waterproof. The advertisement to be aired in Brazil depicts models on a beach to demonstrate the waterproof property of the makeup. However, in the advertisement for the Middle East, the company plans to promote their cosmetics as sweat proof using modestly dressed models. This difference in the advertisements for the two distinct cultures is an example of _____.

A) glocalization
B) translational equivalence
C) guanxi
D) indulgence-restraint

Question 45

Jonah lives in a place where the weather is cold even during summer. As a result, he rarely takes showers, unlike people living in the tropics. This difference in the attitude toward taking showers can be attributed to the difference in _____.

A) ethnic factors
B) ecological factors
C) social factors
D) intrinsic factors

Question 46

Wei lives in Beijing where most consumers value thriftiness and perseverance and relationships are gradually established with the intention of making them last for a lifetime. This is an example of a culture high in _____.

A) femininity
B) masculinity
C) power distance
D) long-term orientation

Question 47

John, an American, works for a U.S. law firm. The firm transferred him to its office in Brazil for three years. During his stay there, John learned a lot about the Brazilian culture. Gradually, he adopted social and business etiquettes of Brazilians, which helped him in his interactions with his local business associates. In the given scenario, John's adoption of Brazilian etiquettes is an example of _____.

A) enculturation
B) acculturation
C) renquing
D) guanxi

Question 48

Which of the following represents a commonly agreed-upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living within a society?

A) Core societal values
B) Long-term orientations
C) Renquing
D) Cultural relativism

Question 49

In some cultures, commercial exploitation of natural resources is a breach of cultural norms and may cause severe disapproval of the community. This is an example of _____.

A) xenocentrism
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural sanction
D) cultural bias

Question 50

The customary greetings people exchange when they meet, which differ from culture to culture, are an example of _____.

A) restraint
B) sanction
C) etiquette
D) trait

Question 51

_____ is the extent to which people accept as fact the principle of the division of authority and privilege among different groups within society.

A) Individualism
B) Long-term orientation
C) Uncertainty avoidance
D) Power distance

Question 52

In Japan, business deals focus on building lasting and enduring relationships between the parties involved. This is a result of high _____.

A) uncertainty avoidance
B) masculinity
C) power distance
D) long-term orientation

Question 53

A culture high in _____ is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.

A) power distance
B) individualism
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) long-term orientation

Question 54

Which of the following core societal value (CSV) dimensions reflects values consistent with Confucian philosophy and a prioritization of future rewards?

A) Uncertainty avoidance
B) Long-term orientation
C) Masculinity
D) Power distance

Question 55

The socialization process by which consumers' behaviors slowly adapt to a culture through a series of rewards and sanctions is referred to as _____.

A) indulgence
B) ethnocentrism
C) shaping
D) modeling

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true about the uncertainty-avoidance trait?

A) Consumers with low uncertainty avoidance are more likely to have a higher degree of implicit trust.
B) Consumers with low uncertainty avoidance demand greater amounts of product information and explanation.
C) Consumers with high uncertainty avoidance are slower in buying products that are perceived to be scarce.
D) Consumers with high uncertainty avoidance will be faster in adopting product innovations.

Question 57

Claudia, a researcher, conducted a survey in Spain. She wrote her report in Spanish. However, she wants to publish her findings in English. She hires a translator to translate her report in English and hires another translator to translate it back to Spanish. Claudia is trying to ensure _____.

A) metric equivalence
B) scalar equivalence
C) dialectic equivalence
D) translational equivalence

Question 58

The idea of renquing is that:

A) parties doing business together must first invest time and resources in getting to know one another.
B) when someone does a good deed for you, you are expected to return that good deed.
C) indulgence should be regulated through the means of social and cultural norms.
D) those with less status must show deference to those with greater status.

Question 59

Kamal lives with his parents and grandparents. All of Kamal's decisions incorporate his family's opinions and wishes. In the given scenario, it is most likely that Kamal belongs to a culture that is:

A) highly collectivistic.
B) highly individualistic.
C) high in uncertainty avoidance.
D) highly pragmatic.

Question 60

Verbal communication proves to be difficult even within a single language because:

A) every language has several dialects.
B) every language does not have metric equivalences.
C) every language has translational equivalences.
D) some languages do not use body language to convey messages.

Question 61

Who among the following are most likely to take the longest time for acculturation?

A) Adults with high ethnic identification
B) Adults with low ethnic identification
C) Young children with low ethnocentrism
D) Young children with high ethnocentrism

Question 62

Robin, a teenager, has excelled in horse riding and rock climbing. It is quite common for people of his native culture to learn these two sports. Robin's excellence at both the sports is most likely the result of _____.

A) individualism
B) long-term orientation
C) enculturation
D) acculturation

Question 63

In the United States, people wear black to funerals, while in China, people wear white. This difference best exemplifies _____.

A) cultural sentiments
B) cultural biases
C) cultural norms
D) cultural sanctions

Question 64

_____ are the specific expectations that are associated with each type of person.

A) Role expectations
B) Rational expectations
C) Cultural sanctions
D) Complementarities

Question 65

Thirst, a beverage manufacturer, markets its products worldwide using the same strategy. However, the tagline in their ads and the music used in their jingles change according to the place. This is an example of _____.

A) enculturation
B) metric equivalence
C) glocalization
D) translational equivalence

Question 66

The process of learning by imitating others' behavior is known as _____.

A) shaping
B) modeling
C) reinforcing
D) diffusing

Question 67

Men tend to share some feminine traits in a culture with low _____.

A) individualism
B) masculinity
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) long-term orientation

Question 68

The term _____ refers to a rule that specifies the appropriate behavior in a given situation within a specific culture.

A) cultural bias
B) cultural norm
C) cultural sensitivity
D) cultural sanction

Question 69

Alex, an American, was invited to a formal dinner by his French manager. He was not sure about the correct flatware to be used for each course. He took his cues from the other diners and copied them. Alex's behavior is an example of _____.

A) xenocentrism
B) sanction
C) shaping
D) modeling

Question 70

Which of the following core societal value (CSV) dimensions captures distinctions existing in societies based on mannerisms typically associated with traits such as assertiveness and control over traits such as caring, conciliation, and community?

A) Individualism
B) Power distance
C) Uncertainty avoidance
D) Masculinity

Question 71

Which of the following is true of traditions?

A) They are followed by cultures for centuries, and they do not change.
B) They undergo rigorous modification in restrained cultures.
C) They eventually become embedded in culture and become relatively stable.
D) They are the social schemata that help people organize knowledge about other people.

Question 72

As a core societal value (CSV), collectivism refers to the extent to which:

A) an individual is expected to take responsibility for themselves and their immediate family.
B) society places high value on self-reliance, individual initiative, and personal achievement.
C) people see things as an extension of themselves.
D) the life of an individual is intertwined with a large cohesive group.

Question 73

The American society places a high value on being self-reliant as well as attaining personal milestones. According to the core societal value dimensions, the American society is most likely to be high in _____.

A) collectivism
B) individualism
C) communism
D) uncertainty avoidance

Question 74

ShoppingMart, a retail store, is in the process of setting up business operations in China. Mitch, the CEO of ShoppingMart, visits China to address some operational issues. Once he reaches there, he realizes that he needs to spend a lot of time socializing with local business partners before he can start discussing the work-related issues. Mitch is learning the practice of _____.

A) renquing
B) guanxi
C) kaizen
D) ganqing

Question 75

The natives of Midland, a country in southern Europe, believe that their wine is better than the wine produced elsewhere in the world. This is an example of _____.

A) consumer imperialism
B) cultural hegemony
C) consumer xenocentrism
D) consumer ethnocentrism

Question 76

In the country of Mandolia, most restaurants and public places have separate seating arrangements to segregate customers based on their "status and position" in society. Mandolia is most likely to have a culture that:

A) is high in power distance.
B) has short-term orientation.
C) has low uncertainty avoidance.
D) is high in femininity traits.

Question 77

_____ refers to using numbers to represent quantities the same way across cultures.

A) Metric equivalence
B) Translational equivalence
C) Elementary equivalence
D) Dialectic equivalence

Question 78

A _____ refers to the penalties associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent behavior.

A) renquing
B) cultural norm
C) guanxi
D) cultural sanction

Question 79

The physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place are known as _____.

A) intrinsic factors
B) geodemographic factors
C) demographic factors
D) ecological factors

Question 80

Daniel's workplace does not have any structured hierarchy and all employees are treated equally regardless of their designations or roles. Daniel's organization is most likely to be low in _____.

A) power distance
B) collectivism
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) masculinity