Question 1

Scott and Zach play outside all afternoon, looking for insects and pushing each other down a hill. They love to run. When they finally come inside, they draw a person with multiple recognizable parts, and their pictures are fairly realistic. They proceed to tell stories about how their day went and the fun that they had. What age best represents this play scenario?

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 5 years
D) 9 years

C

Accepted Answer

The scenario involves playing outside, looking for insects, running, drawing recognizable parts of a person, and telling stories. These activities require a certain level of physical and cognitive development, which is typically seen in 5 year olds. The other options are too young to engage in these activities or too old to be drawing with recognizable parts.

Question 2

Which theory refers to the interaction and cooperation of many systems as key to children's learning?&#10;A) Neuromaturational&#10;B) Social development&#10;C) Cognitive development&#10;D) Dynamic systems

Accepted Answer

The Dynamic Systems theory suggests that children's learning is influenced by the interaction and cooperation of many systems, such as cognitive, social, environmental, and physiological factors. It emphasizes the importance of context and the child's active participation in their own learning and development. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Question 3

Which sequence most closely reflects the development of gross motor skills?&#10;A) Sitting, crawling, prone, reflexive movements, rolling, standing&#10;B) Sitting, reflexive movements, crawling, prone, rolling, standing&#10;C) Reflexive movements, rolling, prone, crawling, sitting, standing&#10;D) Reflexive movements, prone, rolling, sitting, crawling, standing

Accepted Answer

The sequence that most closely reflects the development of gross motor skills starts with reflexive movements, which are the automatic movements babies are born with. Next, babies develop the ability to control their head and neck while prone (lying on their stomach), followed by rolling, which helps them start to explore their environment. Sitting comes next as babies gain trunk control, followed by crawling, which allows for greater mobility. Finally, standing is achieved as babies develop the strength and balance necessary for upright posture. This progression from reflexive movements to standing is a natural development sequence observed in infants.

Question 4

Ron suddenly decides to catch a small ball with two hands after remembering that this was helpful when he played with a large ball yesterday. What term best describes this type of response?&#10;A) Resilient&#10;B) Sensorimotor&#10;C) Affordance&#10;D) Adaptive

Accepted Answer

Ron's decision to catch a small ball with two hands, based on his previous experience with a large ball, demonstrates an adaptive response. This means he is adjusting his actions based on past experiences to better handle a similar situation.

Question 5

Which theory has been used to explain motor development?&#10;A) Neuromaturational&#10;B) Social development&#10;C) Cognitive development&#10;D) Risk and resiliency

Accepted Answer

The Neuromaturational theory proposes that motor development is determined by the development of the central nervous system. As the nervous system matures, infants gain greater control over their movements and are able to perform increasingly complex motor skills. This theory has been widely used to explain motor development in infants and young children.

Question 6

Which set of characteristics is more descriptive of resilient children?&#10;A) Reflective, internally motivated, flexible problem solvers&#10;B) Impulsive, externally motivated, structured thinkers&#10;C) Spontaneous, internally motivated, rigid and structured&#10;D) Timid and shy, externally motivated, followers

Accepted Answer

Resilient children are often reflective, meaning they think before they act, and internally motivated, meaning they have a sense of personal drive or purpose. They are also typically flexible problem solvers, able to adapt to changing situations and come up with creative solutions. In contrast, options B, C, and D all include characteristics that are less typical of resilient children, such as being impulsive, rigid, or timid.

Question 7

What is it called when the same hand-to-mouth movement an infant used to suck on his fist is used later to feed himself?&#10;A) Adaptive learning&#10;B) Flexible synergy&#10;C) Primitive reflex&#10;D) Neuromaturational

Accepted Answer

Flexible synergy refers to the ability to adapt and use a learned movement pattern, like the hand-to-mouth movement, in different contexts as the child develops.

Question 8

Which statement is not a principle of neuromaturational theory? A) Movement progresses from primitive reflex patterns to voluntary movement. B) The sequence and rate of motor development are consistent among infants and children. C) Low-level skills are prerequisites for certain high-level skills. D) Development occurs through an interplay between the environment and the child's ability.

Accepted Answer

Neuromaturational theory emphasizes that development is primarily driven by biological maturation, rather than by interaction with the environment. Thus, it does not typically account for the role of environmental factors in development, making option D the statement that is not a principle of this theory.

Question 9

Which theorist emphasized social interaction and scaffolding as key to children's learning?&#10;A) Gessell&#10;B) Piaget&#10;C) Vygotsky&#10;D) Bobath

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky emphasized that social interaction and scaffolding are key to children's learning. He believed that learning is a collaborative process between the child and more knowledgeable others, and that adults and peers play important roles in providing support and guidance as children learn new skills and concepts.

Question 10

Tammy loves to put her dolls to bed and feed her baby doll lunch. She is able to pick up small objects, but she cannot button clothes yet. She loves to play in the sandbox with her dolls and will now play with other children, although they have difficulty sharing. Tammy loves swinging and running outside, although she is not able to pump a swing and her running is still somewhat awkward. She has a lot of energy. She is very hard to keep up with and sometimes has tantrums. What age best represents her play skills?

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 5 years
D) 9 years

Accepted Answer

Tammy's play skills suggest that she is around 2 years old. She is able to pick up small objects, which typically develops around 12-15 months, and she loves to put her dolls to bed and feed her baby doll lunch, suggesting she has developed some imaginative play skills. Her difficulty with sharing and having tantrums is common at this age, and her love for swinging and running outside is characteristic of a toddler.

Question 11

Molly and Kerrigan are on different soccer teams, and they clearly know the rules. They enjoy making friendship bracelets and telling elaborate stories about their friends. They are responsible for picking up their rooms and helping out at home. What age best represents this play scenario?

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 5 years
D) 9 years

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molly and Kerrigan are on different soccer...

Question 12

Maria, a 22-year-old Latina mother, does not understand why the occupational therapist keeps providing her with schedules for her 1-year-old infant, who has developmental delays and feeding issues. When considering the Latino culture, why might Maria be confused?

A) Latino culture values interdependence and flexible schedules for children.
B) Latino culture does not like others telling them what to do.
C) Latino culture views structures as wrong and unimportant.
D) Latino culture values independence and strict schedules and timelines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maria, a 22-year-old Latina mother, does not...

Question 13

Two-year-old Barry has to use fine motor movements to wind up a toy. Which term is used to describe the match between the properties of the toy and Barry's goals?&#10;A) Dynamic systems&#10;B) Context&#10;C) Affordance&#10;D) Flexible synergy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two-year-old Barry has to use fine motor...

Question 14

Which sequence reflects the stages of learning to acquire a new skill?&#10;A) Exploratory, perceptual, achievement&#10;B) Perceptual, exploratory, achievement&#10;C) Achievement, exploratory, perceptual&#10;D) Achievement, perceptual, exploratory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which sequence reflects the stages of learning...

Question 15

What kind of skill is defined as 5-year-old Grace understands that pencils are lightweight, fit well within her hand, and are somewhat smooth on the edges (with some ridges)?&#10;A) Proprioception&#10;B) Haptic perception&#10;C) Depth perception&#10;D) Figure-ground perception

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kind of skill is defined as...

Deck 3: Development of Childhood Occupations