Deck 31: Plant Structure,growth,and Reproduction

Question 1

Which of the following structures is the first to emerge from the germinating seed of a eudicot such as the garden bean?

A)the embryonic root
B)the shoot sheath
C)the embryonic shoot hook
D)cotyledons

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In a showy flower such as a magnolia or rose,the flower parts that play the main role in attracting the notice of animal pollinators are the

A)stigmas.
B)sepals.
C)fruits.
D)petals.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What happens to the cotyledons of pea and maize seeds?

A)They immediately begin to use the sun's energy in photosynthesis.
B)They surround the base of the shoot to provide additional strength.
C)They remain in the soil and decompose.
D)They form a protective sheath around the developing root system.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which part of this seed contains stored food to allow the seed to grow until it can perform photosynthesis?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 5

The increase in girth associated with production of wood and bark in trees occurs as a consequence of

A)indeterminate growth.
B)growth in apical meristems.
C)primary growth.
D)secondary growth.

Question 6

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of

A)five.
B)three.
C)four.
D)two.

Question 7

The "halves" of an individual peanut,which represent its cotyledons,develop from the fertilized zygote and are composed of

A)triploid endosperm cells.
B)diploid embryo sporophyte cells.
C)haploid endosperm cells.
D)diploid maternal sporophyte cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of eudicots?

A)vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem
B)parallel leaf venation
C)a taproot system
D)a flower with six petals

Question 9

What is the evolutionary advantage of the very long life span of some plants?

A)the ability to adapt to changing environments
B)the ability to produce many offspring over many years
C)the ability to develop resistance to many diseases
D)the ability to grow back after being damaged.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of tracheids?

A)food storage
B)water conduction
C)photosynthesis
D)production of sex cells

Question 11

What event that occurred around 10,000 years ago led to genetic changes in many of the plants we are most familiar with?

A)the invention of genetic engineering
B)the beginning of agriculture
C)the mass extinction of herbivores
D)the domestication of animals

Question 12

Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?

A)chloroplasts
B)cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane
C)a large central vacuole containing fluid
D)mitochondria

Question 13

Which of the following statements about germination is false?

A)A hydrated seed expands,rupturing its seed coat.
B)Germination usually takes place after a period of dormancy.
C)The germination of a seed represents the beginning of life.
D)Germination usually begins when a seed takes up water.

Question 14

The tallest plant on Earth is

A)a 740- foot white oak tree in Illinois.
B)a 379- foot redwood tree in California.
C)a giant seed fern in southern Peru.
D)a 500- foot kelp living off the coast of California.

Question 15

How does the sperm of an angiosperm reach the egg?

A)by actively swimming down through the style to the egg
B)usually via an insect,which places sperm in the ovary while probing for nectar
C)via the pollen tube that grows from the ovule to reach the pollen grain on the stigma
D)via the pollen tube that grows from the pollen grain through the carpel tissues to the ovule

Question 16

Which of the following cells provide flexible support to the growing parts of plants?

A)sieve- tube elements
B)collenchyma cells
C)parenchyma cells
D)sclerenchyma cells

Question 17

Which of the following substances,by providing strength,allows sclerenchyma cells to provide support and play a role analogous to that of an animal's skeleton?

A)starch
B)chlorophyll
C)sucrose
D)lignin

Question 18

How many chromosomes are there in a maize egg cell nucleus as compared to a maize pollen cell nucleus?

A)the same number
B)half as many
C)twice as many
D)half as many or the same number,depending on whether the pollen cell has divided to produce sperm or not

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of fruits?

A)production of food for the developing embryo
B)attracting pollinators
C)seed dispersal
D)pollen dispersal

Question 20

What is the difference between the heartwood and sapwood of a tree?

A)Heartwood no longer transports water and minerals,while sapwood still conducts xylem sap.
B)Heartwood contains xylem and sapwood contains phloem.
C)Heartwood contains old phloem that no longer functions,and sapwood contains functioning phloem.
D)Sapwood contains xylem and heartwood contains phloem.

Question 21

A mature ovary,specialized as a vessel that houses and protects seeds,is a

A)seed coat.
B)ovule.
C)cotyledon.
D)fruit.

Question 22

A plant stem modified for storage of food such as starch is called a

A)taproot.
B)tuber.
C)runner.
D)bulb.

Question 23

How many chromosomes are there in a maize embryo cell nucleus as compared to a maize endosperm cell nucleus?

A)the same number
B)two- thirds as many
C)twice as many
D)half as many

Question 24

Which of the following is an advantage of cloning horticultural crops over sexual propagation?

A)Cloned plants grow more slowly,but have stronger stems.
B)Cloned plants are healthier and less susceptible to disease.
C)Cloning plants can allow growers to produce large numbers of plants with minimal effort and expense.
D)Cloning provides more variation in flower color and size.

Question 25

Which part of this root tip is the apical meristem?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 26

What is the node of a plant stem?

A)the area between the shoots and the roots
B)the point of leaf attachment
C)the point of apical dominance
D)a small pore where gases are exchanged

Question 27

Flowers bear seeds that develop from ovules housed in protective chambers called

A)sepals.
B)antheridia.
C)stamens.
D)ovaries.

Question 28

Which of the following flower parts produces female gametophytes?

A)sepals
B)anthers
C)ovules
D)stigmas

Question 29

The male organ of a flower is the

A)style.
B)sepal.
C)stamen.
D)carpel.

Question 30

Most angiosperms are dicots and most dicots are

A)gymnosperms.
B)cycads.
C)mosses.
D)eudicots.

Question 31

A vascular cambium cell divides to produce an inner and an outer daughter cell.Which of the following represents the probable fate of these cells?

A)Both cells will continue to divide without differentiating into specialized cells.
B)The inner cell will differentiate into xylem,and the outer cell will divide again.
C)Both cells continue to divide to produce wood.
D)The inner cell will differentiate into phloem,and the outer cell will differentiate into xylem.

Question 32

In general,plant dermal tissues are found

A)near the center of the plant stems and roots.
B)at the outer surface of a plant.
C)lining the vascular tissue.
D)throughout the plant body.

Question 33

Sieve- tube elements are plant cells that are part of a plant tissue called

A)tracheids.
B)phloem.
C)xylem.
D)sclereids.

Question 34

The chief function of root hairs is to

A)provide a home for symbiotic bacteria.
B)provide a direct passageway from the soil to the vascular cylinder.
C)decrease the anchoring power of roots.
D)increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Question 35

New growth that increases stem length on a plant arises mainly from

A)the base of the stem.
B)the tips of leaves.
C)apical meristems.
D)the vascular cambium.

Question 36

A seed develops from a(n)

A)pollen grain.
B)ovary.
C)fruit.
D)ovule.

Question 37

Which of the following plant cells or tissues help regulate the movement of carbon dioxide into and out of a leaf?

A)xylem
B)sieve tubes
C)root hairs
D)guard cells

Question 38

The cells that store starch in dicot roots are located between the

A)xylem and the phloem.
B)epidermis and the cortex.
C)epidermis and the root hairs.
D)epidermis and the vascular cylinder.

Question 39

In angiosperms,the process of _ ensures that the endosperm will develop only in ovules containing a fertilized egg.

A)cytogenesis
B)cytokinesis
C)meiosis
D)double fertilization

Question 40

Photosynthesis occurs in which type of plant tissue?

A)collenchyma
B)vascular cambium
C)epidermal tissue
D)parenchyma

Question 41

Which of the following statements is false?

A)A carrot is an example of a taproot.
B)The layers of an onion are actually modified leaves.
C)Stalks of celery are the petioles of the plant.
D)White potatoes are modified plant roots.

Question 42

The genetically identical organisms that result from asexual reproduction are called

A)seedlings.
B)seeds.
C)rootlets.
D)clones.

Question 43

Which of the following plant parts commonly contributes to asexual reproduction?

A)fruits
B)flowers
C)roots
D)seeds

Question 44

The growth that pushes a root down through the soil takes place through

A)cell elongation behind the root tip.
B)cell elongation at the tip of the root cap.
C)cell division in the apical meristem.
D)differentiation of xylem cells in the apical meristem.

Question 45

While cleaning out the attic,you find a packet of seeds that your grandmother gathered from her garden.You plant them outside,and some of them sprout.What was the condition of these germinating seeds while they were in the attic?

A)They were alive and very metabolically active.
B)The endosperm cells were dead; the embryo cells were alive but inactive.
C)They were dead,but the embryo cells revived in response to water.
D)They were alive but dormant.

Question 46

Which of the following is a disadvantage of cloning as a propagation technique?

A)Cloned organisms are dangerous and unpredictable.
B)Cloning is more expensive and more difficult than growing from seeds.
C)Cloning produces monocultures that can potentially be wiped out by a single disease.
D)Cloning is time- consuming,with slow results.

Question 47

Removing the terminal bud of a plant that shows apical dominance will cause

A)increased growth of the axillary buds.
B)an increase in the growth of the root system.
C)an immediate flowering of the plant.
D)increased growth of the terminal bud.

Question 48

How many layers of vascular cambium will there be in the trunk of a ten- year- old tree?

A)thousands
B)one
C)two
D)ten

Question 49

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are known as the ground tissue system.
B)The pith of a stem is often important in food storage.
C)Each vein in a leaf is composed of either xylem or phloem,but not both.
D)The ground tissue system of a leaf is called the mesophyll.

Question 50

A woody plant lives through five years of drought,followed by five years of good growing conditions.The ring of xylem cells formed during the five good years will

A)be living,whereas those formed during the drought years will be dead.
B)be thinner than those formed during the drought years.
C)be thicker than those formed during the drought years.
D)conduct a higher ratio of sugar to water than those formed during the drought years.

Question 51

Which type of vascular tissue cell in a plant is dead at maturity?

A)sieve- tube cells
B)parenchyma cells
C)vessel elements
D)companion cells

Question 52

Most trees and shrubs continue to grow year after year.Such plants are known as

A)superannuals.
B)biennials.
C)perennials.
D)annuals.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Plant root hairs help to absorb carbon dioxide from the soil.
B)The shoot system of a plant consists of the stems,leaves,and adaptations for reproduction.
C)Roots depend upon sugars produced in photosynthetic organs such as leaves.
D)Stems and leaves depend on the water and minerals absorbed by the roots.

Question 54

The three tissue systems of a mature plant root complete their development in the root zone of

A)differentiation.
B)elongation.
C)vascularization.
D)cell division.

Question 55

Before it opens up into full blossom,the outer green layer of a rosebud consists of the leaflike

A)stamen.
B)ovary.
C)petals.
D)sepals.

Question 56

If you carve your initials in the trunk of a tree,will they move up as the tree grows?

A)Yes,because secondary growth will cause them to move up.
B)Yes,because growth continues in all parts of a plant throughout its life.
C)Yes,because a tree elongates from the ground up.
D)No,because elongation occurs just below the tips of growing stems in the apical meristems.

Question 57

Foreign genes can be inserted into a single plant cell that is then cultured to produce

A)genetically modified seeds.
B)a genetically modified plant.
C)clones of the organisms from which the genes were taken.
D)new plant species.

Question 58

In a flowering plant,the cells that give rise to sperm undergo meiosis in the

A)sepals.
B)anthers.
C)ovaries.
D)stigma.