Deck 23: Circulation

Question 1

Which part of this figure depicts a pulmonary artery?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Adaptation to terrestrial life required major evolutionary changes.The change from gill breathing to lung breathing was accompanied by important changes in the

A)association of blood and interstitial fluid.
B)manufacture of blood cells.
C)cardiovascular system.
D)reproductive system.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding circulatory systems is true?

A)Veins carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues.
B)A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion.
C)Materials are exchanged directly between the blood and body cells.
D)The smallest blood vessels in the body are veins.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Cells make up about what percentage of total blood volume?

A)80%
B)25%
C)10%
D)45%

Question 5

The location of the heart's pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called the

A)sinoatrial node.
B)Purkinje fibers.
C)atrioventricular node.
D)heart center of the brain.

Question 6

Which of the following cells are phagocytes?

A)basophils and eosinophils
B)monocytes and neutrophils
C)lymphocytes only
D)lymphocytes,basophils,and eosinophils

Question 7

Myocardial infarction,also called a heart attack,

A)is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.
B)is unrelated to cigarette smoking.
C)actually causes no permanent damage to the heart.
D)is caused by excessive blood pressure in the heart.

Question 8

In mammals,which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart?

A)vena cava
B)pulmonary vein
C)coronary artery
D)pulmonary artery

Question 9

Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors,they both have a four- chambered heart.This is the result of

A)the necessity for rapid movement of blood.
B)genetic aberrations that resulted from mistakes in somatic cell division.
C)the simplification of the cardiovascular system.
D)convergent evolution.

Question 10

In mammals,blood returning from the head will pass through the just before entering the right atrium.

A)inferior vena cava
B)aorta
C)superior vena cava
D)left atrium

Question 11

Using a stethoscope,you listen to a beating heart and hear "lub- dup,lub- dup." These sounds are created by

A)muscles in the left ventricle.
B)blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber.
C)blood flowing through the aorta.
D)valves in the heart closing.

Question 12

Whether there is a net flow of fluid into or out of a capillary at a given point along its length depends upon

A)whether the fluid contains nutrients or wastes.
B)the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
C)whether or not the fluid contains oxygen.
D)the needs of the tissue.

Question 13

Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the

A)left atrium.
B)left ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)right ventricle.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the stage of the cardiac cycle shown?

A)AV valves closed,SL valves open,ventricles contracting
B)AV valves open,SL valves closed,ventricles contracting
C)AV valves closed,SL valves open,ventricles relaxed
D)AV and SL valves both open,ventricles contracting

Question 15

During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood?

A)systole
B)diastole
C)atrial phase
D)resting phase

Question 16

Which of these statements about erythrocytes is true?

A)Erythrocytes in adult humans have nuclei.
B)The main function of erythrocytes is to carry nutrients.
C)Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks.
D)Each erythrocyte contains about 1 million molecules of hemoglobin.

Question 17

Which of the following can contribute to high blood pressure?

A)eating a heart- healthy diet
B)regular exercise
C)maintaining proper weight
D)smoking

Question 18

Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by a(n)each time it contracts.

A)ventricle
B)atrioventricular valve
C)heart
D)atrium

Question 19

During ventricular systole,the valves .

A)semilunar ...open
B)AV ...open
C)semilunar ...close
D)AV and semilunar ...close

Question 20

The liquid part of blood is called

A)extrastitial fluid.
B)plasma.
C)serum.
D)water.

Question 21

Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

A)venules
B)capillaries
C)arterioles
D)veins

Question 22

Multipotent stem cells found in the red marrow inside bones

A)can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets.
B)are primarily important in blood clotting.
C)are responsible for an immune response.
D)phagocytize bacterial cells.

Question 23

How long do human red blood cells circulate in the blood before they wear out and have to be replaced?

A)3 to 4 months
B)1 to 2 weeks
C)1 month
D)10 to 12 months

Question 24

Plasma proteins are involved in all of the following activities except

A)blood clotting.
B)maintaining osmotic balance.
C)fighting infection.
D)carrying oxygen.

Question 25

From the left ventricle,oxygen- rich blood flows through the

A)pulmonary vein.
B)pulmonary artery.
C)aorta.
D)superior vena cava.

Question 26

One way that substances move between blood and interstitial fluid is by

A)osmosis.
B)pressure- driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall.
C)active transport utilizing ATP.
D)alternatively breaking and regenerating membranes of cells lining capillaries.

Question 27

At any given time,what percentage of the body's capillaries have blood flowing through them?

A)40-50%
B)5-10%
C)85-90%
D)20-25%

Question 28

Which of the following statements about mammalian circulatory systems is false?

A)Mammals have two atria and two ventricles in their hearts.
B)The left side of a mammal's heart sends blood to the lungs.
C)The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the lungs.
D)The systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Question 29

What is the most common cause of anemia?

A)low blood pressure
B)iron deficiency
C)inefficient hemoglobin production
D)vitamin deficiency

Question 30

Bone marrow stem cells are sometimes used to treat certain blood cell diseases,such as

A)hemophilia.
B)anemia.
C)leukemia.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding circulation is true?

A)A standing giraffe requires a great deal more pressure to pump blood to its head than an animal with a shorter neck.
B)Muscle contraction tends to pull blood downward into the lower parts of the body of a terrestrial vertebrate.
C)Gravity does not affect blood moving through the circulatory system.
D)Valves in veins and muscle contractions pressing against veins slow down the return of blood to the heart.

Question 32

The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of

A)a venule.
B)a nerve.
C)a red blood cell.
D)an arteriole.

Question 33

Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by

A)precapillary sphincters only.
B)precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.
C)one- way valves.
D)smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles only.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about blood clotting is true?

A)Fibrin is enzymatically converted to fibrinogen.
B)The first response to an injury is dilation of the damaged blood vessels.
C)During the clotting response,platelets rapidly congregate in the interstitial fluid.
D)Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.

Question 35

Which part of this figure depicts an arteriole?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 36

In humans,which blood vessels have valves?

A)arterioles
B)capillaries
C)arteries in the neck
D)veins

Question 37

Which of the following can increase red blood cell concentration in a unit of blood?

A)hydration
B)training at low altitudes
C)reducing blood levels of EPO
D)blood doping

Question 38

The main function of the AV node is to

A)relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
B)initiate the heartbeat.
C)relay a signal for the ventricles to contract.
D)set the rhythm of the heartbeat.

Question 39

Arteries are distinguished from veins based on all of the following features except

A)the structure of their walls.
B)the amount of oxygen present in the blood.
C)the direction of blood flow relative to the heart.
D)the blood pressure.

Question 40

Which of the following is characteristic of the circulatory system of arthropods?

A)lack of a heart
B)lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
C)lack of blood vessels.
D)lack of blood

Question 41

The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are

A)open and closed.
B)single and double.
C)transverse and repetitive.
D)flat and circular.

Question 42

What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid?

A)capillary
B)venule
C)arteriole
D)artery

Question 43

The largest blood vessel in the human body is the

A)aorta.
B)vena cava.
C)arteria maxima.
D)pulmonary artery.

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure is false?

A)High blood pressure can lead to an enlarged and weakened heart,increased risk of heart attack,stroke,and kidney failure.
B)The higher number in a blood pressure reading measures the force of a heart contraction.
C)Normal blood pressure for adult humans is usually at or below 120/80.
D)Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80.

Question 45

Which of the following is the cause of more than half of all deaths in the United States?

A)flu
B)cardiovascular disease
C)cancer
D)diabetes

Question 46

In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest?

A)veins in the head
B)arterioles in the legs
C)capillaries in the feet
D)arteries in the head

Question 47

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

A)governing nutrient concentration in the blood
B)transporting nutrients to body cells
C)transporting nerve impulses throughout the body
D)mounting a response to invading microorganisms

Question 48

Oxygen- poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the

A)coronary veins.
B)venae cavae.
C)pulmonary arteries.
D)pulmonary veins.

Question 49

An adult human's red blood cells are formed in the

A)spleen.
B)thoracic cavity.
C)liver.
D)bone marrow.

Question 50

As blood moves away from the heart towards the tissues,the relative size of blood vessels ,the blood pressure _ ,and the velocity of blood flow .

A)decreases ...drops...slows
B)decreases...drops ...increases
C)increases...drops ...slows
D)decreases...increases ...increases

Question 51

Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers?

A)squirrel
B)salmon
C)snake
D)salamander

Question 52

Which of the following animals has a three- chambered heart?

A)bird
B)crocodile
C)human
D)snake

Question 53

Which kind of vessel has the lowest blood velocity?

A)artery
B)venule
C)capillary
D)vein

Question 54

Which of the following factors contributes to the flow of blood in veins?

A)the diameter of capillaries
B)skeletal muscle contractions
C)the number of red blood cells in venous blood
D)blood pressure generated by the heart

Question 55

Blood clots are formed by platelets and the plasma protein

A)thrombin.
B)fibrinogen.
C)hemophilin.
D)sealin.