Deck 10: Sexual Behavior

Question 1

 Men with Klinefelter syndrome are more likely to be

A) physically aggressive.
B) shorter than their parents and siblings.
C) left-handed.
D) color deficient.

Answer 1

left-handed.

Question 2

 The Carmichaels' baby was determined to have only one X chromosome (instead of two sex chromosomes). Their baby will be diagnosed with

A) Turner syndrome.
B) a typical female genotype.
C) Klinefelter syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.

Answer 2

Turner syndrome.

Question 3

 Ryan is unusually tall for his age, has a lot of trouble with acne, and finds school a lot more difficult than his older siblings. Through thorough testing, his physicians are most likely to have discovered that Ryan has which of the following conditions?

A) a 47,XYY genotype
B) 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
C) androgen insensitivity syndrome
D) congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 3

a 47,XYY genotype

Question 4

 Jason has spent most of his adolescence in juvenile facilities because of his constant, severe physical aggression and violent crime. Based on this history, it is most likely that Jason has

A) a normal genotype.
B) a 47,XYY genotype.
C) androgen insensitivity syndrome.
D) Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 5

 Many women with Turner syndrome experience

A) unusually good verbal abilities.
B) deficits in verbal abilities.
C) unusually good spatial relations.
D) deficits in the processing of spatial relations.

Question 6

 Most cases of Turner syndrome result in

A) normal fertility.
B) a high likelihood that the condition will be passed on to offspring.
C) infertility.
D) increased fertility.

Question 7

 How many pairs of chromosomes do human males and females have in common?

A) 20
B) 22
C) 25
D) 27

Question 8

 The Gondeks are having a baby. If there are no unusual circumstances, their baby's genetic sex will be determined by

A) an X or Y chromosome supplied by the mother.
B) an X or Y chromosome supplied by the father.
C) X or Y chromosomes supplied by the mother and by the father.
D) all 46 chromosomes received from both parents.

Question 9

 Compared with the general male population, the population of men with the 47,XYY genotype are more likely to show

A) higher rates of violent crime.
B) lower rates of violent crime.
C) higher rates of property crime.
D) lower rates of property crime.

Question 10

 Compared with the population of people who have typical sex chromosomes, Nielsen and Wohlert (1991) found that populations with sex chromosome abnormalities were associated with

A) no increases in criminal activity, mental disorders, or physical disorders.
B) significant increases in mental retardation.
C) significant increases in physical abnormalities.
D) significant increases in mental disorders.

Question 11

 Jennifer has a genetic condition that resulted in her being shorter than her parents and siblings, and she has increased skin folds at her neck. She performs well in school but has some difficulty with figure rotation tasks. Which of the following is likely to be Jennifer's diagnosis?

A) Klinefelter syndrome
B) androgen insensitivity syndrome
C) 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
D) Turner syndrome

Question 12

 The case of David Reimer, who was raised as a girl but later took on a male identity, reminded researchers that

A) biology plays a significant role in gender identity.
B) biology appears to play little, if any, role in gender identity.
C) biology plays a significant role in the gender identity of males but not females.
D) socialization does not have any effects on gender identity.

Question 13

 Many individuals with Klinefelter syndrome experience

A) unusually good verbal abilities.
B) deficits in verbal skills.
C) unusually good spatial relations.
D) deficits in the processing of spatial relations.

Question 14

 Klinefelter syndrome results from which of the following genotypes?

A) XO
B) XYY
C) XXY
D) YO

Question 15

 Which of the following genetic conditions related to sex chromosomes is the most common?

A) 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
B) XYY
C) Turner syndrome
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 16

 Most men with a 47,XYY genotype are

A) infertile.
B) unusually fertile.
C) normally fertile but slightly more likely to produce abnormal sperm.
D) normally fertile, with a high probability of producing normal sperm.

Question 17

 Kimberly, a genetics counselor, was working with a young couple whose unborn child has been diagnosed with a sex chromosome abnormality. Kimberly is likely to inform the couple that their child

A) has a significant risk of a mental disorder.
B) will experience severe physical disability.
C) is very likely to be mentally retarded.
D) may have fertility problems but is unlikely to have other serious mental or physical problems.

Question 18

 The Colwells' baby was diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. Their baby will be

A) phenotypically male.
B) phenotypically female.
C) raised as a female but may switch to male identity at puberty.
D) raised as a male but may switch to female identity at puberty.

Question 19

 Physically, most men with a 47,XYY genotype are

A) unusually muscular.
B) lacking in male secondary sex characteristics.
C) shorter than normal.
D) unusually tall and lean and typically have severe acne.

Question 20

 Andre was found to have an extra Y chromosome. Because of this, you can expect that Andre is likely to be

A) convicted of a violent crime.
B) cognitively challenged.
C) indistinguishable from a man with an XY genotype.
D) infertile.

Question 21

 Intersex refers to situations in which

A) an individual decides to undergo a sex change.
B) both male and female elements occur in the same individual.
C) an individual has a homosexual orientation.
D) an individual has a heterosexual orientation.

Question 22

 Chantal is studying for a quiz and writes in her notes that the SRY gene is found on

A) chromosome 21 in both males and females.
B) both the X and Y chromosomes.
C) the X chromosome only.
D) the Y chromosome only.

Question 23

 Testis-determining factor

A) activates the Wolffian system.
B) inhibits the Müllerian system.
C) develops the primordial gonads into testes.
D) prevents the development of ovaries.

Question 24

 The Suttons are having a baby girl. As she develops, her

A) ovaries release hormones that develop the Müllerian system.
B) ovaries release hormones that initiate the degeneration of the Müllerian system.
C) ovaries release hormones that initiate the degeneration of the Wolffian system.
D) Müllerian system will develop in the absence of anti-Müllerian hormone.

Question 25

 The Schachters are having a baby girl. As their baby develops, the _____ system will develop into the baby's _____.

A) Wolffian; seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate
B) Wolffian; uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina
C) Müllerian; seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate
D) Müllerian; uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina

Question 26

 The sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene encodes the protein

A) estrogen.
B) testis-determining factor.
C) testosterone.
D) ovaries-determining factor.

Question 27

 Fetuses with AIS have an

A) XY genotype and normal, descended testes.
B) XY genotype and normal, undescended testes.
C) XX genotype and normal (yet undescended) testes.
D) XYY genotype and normal, descended testes.

Question 28

 Chromosomally male mice that are genetically engineered to lack the SRY gene will develop

A) neither ovaries nor testes.
B) both ovaries and testes.
C) testes.
D) ovaries.

Question 29

 The Colwells are having a baby boy. As their baby develops, the _____ system will develop into the baby's _____.

A) Wolffian; seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate
B) Wolffian; uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina
C) Müllerian; seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate
D) Müllerian; uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina

Question 30

 Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) results from

A) an abnormal copy of the SRY gene.
B) failure to release testis-determining factor.
C) failure of the testes to produce testosterone.
D) abnormal androgen receptors.

Question 31

 The SRY gene is expressed at about gestational week_________.

A) 6
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16

Question 32

 Professor Rutz is lecturing on human development. He tells the class that the uterus develops from

A) the Müllerian system.
B) the Wolffian system.
C) ovaries.
D) testes.

Question 33

 In this illustration of the six-week-old embryo, the structure identified by # 3 will develop fully in

A) both males and females.
B) males and remnants will remain in females.
C) males but degenerate in females.
D) females but degenerate in males.

Question 34

 About three months after conception, testosterone

A) promotes the development of the Wolffian system.
B) initiates the degeneration of the Wolffian system.
C) promotes the development of the Müllerian system.
D) initiates the degeneration of the Müllerian system.

Question 35

 Up until about the third month after conception,

A) male fetuses possess a Wolffian system, and female fetuses possess a Müllerian system.
B) male fetuses possess a Müllerian system, and female fetuses possess a Wolffian system.
C) male fetuses possess both a Müllerian system and a Wolffian system, and female fetuses possess a Müllerian system only.
D) male and female fetuses possess both a Müllerian system and a Wolffian system.

Question 36

 About three months after conception, anti- Müllerian hormone

A) promotes the development of the Wolffian system.
B) initiates the degeneration of the Wolffian system.
C) promotes the development of the Müllerian system.
D) initiates the degeneration of the Müllerian system.

Question 37

 If the SRY gene is inserted in chromosomally female mice, they will develop

A) neither ovaries nor testes.
B) both ovaries and testes.
C) testes.
D) ovaries.

Question 38

 The male fetus's testes release

A) testis-determining factor.
B) SRY.
C) both testosterone and testis-determining factor.
D) both testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone.

Question 39

 In adult humans,

A) males retain remnants of the Müllerian system and females retain remnants of the Wolffian system.
B) females retain remnants of the Müllerian system and males retain remnants of the Wolffian system.
C) females maintain remnants of the Wolffian system, but the Müllerian system completely degenerates in males.
D) males maintain remnants of the Müllerian system, but the Wolffian system completely degenerates in females.

Question 40

 In cases of AIS, the testes release

A) testosterone but not anti-Müllerian hormone.
B) anti-Müllerian hormone but not testosterone.
C) both anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone.
D) neither anti-Müllerian hormone nor testosterone.

Question 41

 Kareem is studying for a test on the male external genitalia. He would need to be able to identify and discuss the roles of the

A) uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina.
B) seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate.
C) penis and scrotum.
D) labia, clitoris, and outer portion of the vagina.

Question 42

 Compared with normal male fetuses, female fetuses with CAH are exposed to about _________ amount of androgens.

A) twice the
B) half the
C) the same
D) five times the

Question 43

 At puberty, FSH and LH

A) stimulate the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
B) stimulate the release of additional testosterone by the testes and the release of estrogens by the ovaries.
C) inhibit the release of estrogens by the testes and testosterone by the ovaries.
D) inhibit the release of androgens by the testes and estrogens by the ovaries.

Question 44

 Over the past 150 years in the United States, the average age at which puberty begins has

A) remained stable.
B) risen.
C) decreased.
D) decreased for males but not for females.

Question 45

 Puberty may be triggered by

A) the accumulation of body fat.
B) the expression of testis-determining factor.
C) the SRY gene.
D) anti-Müllerian hormone.

Question 46

 Exposure of female fetuses to androgens will

A) have no effect.
B) masculinize the internal organs.
C) masculinize the external genitalia.
D) masculinize both the internal organs and external genitalia.

Question 47

 Factors that might influence recent changes in the age at which puberty begins include

A) exposure to cultural factors such as television.
B) obesity and exposure to artificial hormones.
C) a cultural tendency to marry later.
D) reduced access to good health care.

Question 48

 Males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

A) show few physical or behavioral effects.
B) experience abnormalities in their internal organs.
C) have underdeveloped external genitalia.
D) have overdeveloped external genitalia.

Question 49

 Normal prenatal development of male external genitalia requires the direct action of

A) 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
B) testosterone.
C) anti-Müllerian hormone.
D) testis-determining factor.

Question 50

 Benjamin is studying for a test on the female external genitalia. He would need to be able to identify and discuss the roles of the

A) uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina.
B) seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate.
C) penis and scrotum.
D) labia, clitoris, and outer portion of the vagina.

Question 51

 Females with CAH

A) show no behavioral effects.
B) behave in more feminine ways than typical females.
C) are more likely to engage in bisexual and lesbian behavior than typical females.
D) are less likely to refer to themselves as tomboys than typical females.

Question 52

 At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus releases

A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) follicle-stimulating hormone.
D) estradiol.

Question 53

 Individuals with AIS have

A) masculinized external genitalia.
B) shallow vaginas and no ovaries or uterus.
C) normal female internal organs and external genitalia.
D) normal male internal organs and external genitalia.

Question 54

 Secondary sex characteristics in humans develop

A) about six weeks after conception.
B) about three months after conception.
C) at birth.
D) at puberty.

Question 55

 Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are released in

A) males only.
B) females only.
C) both males and females.
D) males and in a small percentage of females.

Question 56

 In cases of AIS,

A) the Müllerian system develops normally, but the Wolffian system does not.
B) the Wolffian system develops normally, but the Müllerian system does not.
C) both the Wolffian and Müllerian systems develop fully.
D) neither the Wolffian nor the Müllerian systems develop fully.

Question 57

 Normal development of female external genitalia

A) requires the release of estrogens by the ovary.
B) requires the release of 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone by the ovary.
C) requires the release of anti-Müllerian hormone by the ovary.
D) will occur in the absence of androgens without further action by the ovaries.

Question 58

 Amber is a very typical-looking young teen whose parents took her to a physician when she failed to menstruate by the age of 15 years. The physician explained that Amber had AIS and that she

A) would need to adopt children if she wished to become a parent.
B) was more likely to be homosexual than heterosexual.
C) was likely to adopt a masculine gender identity as she approached the age of 20 years.
D) would develop typical female fertility with the proper hormone medications.

Question 59

 Sue has stated that she has a strong female gender identity. From this statement, we know that

A) she must be heterosexual.
B) she feels like a woman.
C) she is genetically female.
D) her internal and external genitalia are female.

Question 60

 Individuals with AIS typically have

A) male chromosomal sex but female appearance and gender identity.
B) female chromosomal sex but male appearance and gender identity.
C) male chromosomal sex and appearance but female gender identity.
D) female chromosomal sex and appearance but male gender identity.

Question 61

 In males at puberty, sperm production is regulated by

A) estradiol.
B) FSH.
C) LH.
D) LH, FSH, and testosterone.

Question 62

 What is "2D:4D"?

A) the ratio of one's index finger length (second digit) to their ring finger length (fourth digit)
B) the ratio at which dopamine receptors fire in the second cerebral lobe to the fourth cerebral lobe
C) the ratio of sexual dimorphism in twins (2) to that of quadruplets (4)
D) the rate of androgen release in the second trimester of pregnancy (2) to the first trimester of life after birth (4)

Question 63

 Lauren was excited to go shopping for new clothes before starting middle school, but she was surprised to find out that she suddenly needed to shop in the juniors section instead of the children's section. The most likely explanation for this change is that

A) Lauren is going through puberty, and her increased estradiol levels are changing the amount and distribution of fat on her body.
B) Lauren spent too much time over the summer eating fatty snacks in front of the television.
C) Lauren has been exposed to high levels of synthetic hormones, and she is beginning to go through puberty at an abnormally early age.
D) Lauren is going through puberty, and her increased levels of 5-alpha-reductase are changing the amount and distribution of fat on her body.

Question 64

 In addition to the prenatal release of androgens, _____experience a second surge of _____ exposure between the ages of one and three months.

A) males; androgens
B) males; anti-Müllerian hormone
C) females; anti-Müllerian hormone
D) females; androgens

Question 65

 Sex hormones are

A) proteins.
B) steroids, because they are synthesized from proteins.
C) amino acids.
D) steroids, because they are synthesized from cholesterol.

Question 66

 In cases of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, internal organs

A) fail to develop in either the male or female pattern.
B) develop in the normal female pattern.
C) develop in the normal male pattern.
D) develop both the normal female and male patterns.

Question 67

 Possible indicators for prenatal exposure to androgens in humans include

A) height.
B) sexual frequency.
C) otoacoustic emissions and finger length.
D) symmetry.

Question 68

 The toy preferences observed in male and female children support the idea that

A) gender differences in toy selection are primarily the result of socialization, not biology.
B) gender differences in toy selection are at least partly determined by biology.
C) there are no gender differences in toy selection until children are the age of 18-24 months.
D) gender differences in toy selection appear early in development but then decrease as children enter elementary school.

Question 69

 Skeletal growth is slowed by

A) testosterone in males and estradiol in females.
B) estradiol in males and testosterone in females.
C) testosterone in both males and females.
D) estradiol in both males and females.

Question 70

 The quantity of androgens produced by adult females is about _________ percent of the quantity produced by males.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 33
D) 50

Question 71

 Masculine play behavior and toy selection among young girls is correlated with

A) paternal androgen levels.
B) maternal androgen levels.
C) paternal estradiol levels.
D) maternal estradiol levels.

Question 72

 Male and female human brains

A) show no sexual dimorphism.
B) are sexually dimorphic in the SDN-POA, with males having the larger version.
C) are sexually dimorphic in the INAH-3, with females having the larger version.
D) are sexually dimorphic in the amount of white matter in the brain.

Question 73

 Children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency are usually

A) raised as girls, and they retain female identity at puberty.
B) raised as boys, but they take on female identity at puberty.
C) raised as girls, but they take on male identity at puberty.
D) raised as boys, and they retain male identity at puberty.

Question 74

 The Lauders' son had a high level of testosterone in his urine when he was five months old. His doctors would expect that he would

A) be more likely to play with boy-typical toys when he is around four years old.
B) be less likely to play with boy-typical toys when he is around four years old.
C) be more likely to become homosexual at puberty.
D) be more likely to enter puberty late.

Question 75

 Male and female rats show differences in the

A) hippocampus.
B) sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA).
C) interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus-3 (INAH-3).
D) INAH-3 and spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB).

Question 76

 In the absence of sufficient quantities of 5-alpha-reductase,

A) 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone is not converted into testosterone, and external genitalia are not masculinized in the fetus.
B) testosterone is not converted into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and external genitalia are not masculinized in the fetus.
C) 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone is not converted into testosterone, and internal organs are not masculinized in the fetus.
D) testosterone is not converted into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and internal organs are not masculinized in the fetus.

Question 77

 Professor Zepp is talking about the sex hormones and tells her class that aromatase is required to convert

A) estradiol into testosterone.
B) testosterone into estradiol.
C) testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
D) 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone into testosterone.

Question 78

 The performance of women on spatial tasks is

A) constant across the menstrual cycle.
B) best when estrogen levels are high.
C) best when progesterone levels are high.
D) best when testosterone levels are high.

Question 79

 When Anita was 10 years old, she was the tallest girl in her fourth-grade class. She also began to menstruate when she was 10 years old. Given what we know about the effects of estradiol, we can expect that at age 17, Anita will be

A) one of the tallest girls in her class, because she started growing so early.
B) quite obese, because estradiol tends to make women fat.
C) not much taller than she was at 10 years old.
D) very popular among her female peers, because she matured so early.

Question 80

 Estrogens are produced by

A) females only.
B) males only.
C) males and females in about the same amounts.
D) males and females in different amounts.