Deck 7: Motivation: From Concept to Application

Question 1

There are four key elements used to define motivation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Motivation is a personality trait.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The drive to become what one is capable of becoming is which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)esteem
B)self-actualisation
C)physiological
D)social

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Self-respect,autonomy,and achievement are examples of Maslow's:

A)esteem factors
B)physiological factors
C)social factors
D)none of the above

Question 5

The element of motivation,which describes how hard a person tried is:

A)direction
B)persistence
C)intensity
D)drive

Question 6

Growth and achieving one's potential are examples of Maslow's:

A)physiological factors
B)esteem factors
C)social factors
D)self-actualisation factors

Question 7

Motivation is best defined as:

A)high performance directed towards the satisfaction of a goal
B)processes that account for an individual's intensity,direction,and persistence toward attaining a goal
C)being told to exert high levels of effort
D)efficient behaviour

Question 8

Doug is an IT support officer in his organisation.The majority of the time,he receives calls relating to network access problems,login problems and other small issues related to computer usage.Doug sees himself as a motivated individual.He tries very hard to do his job well. The amount of effort Doug is willing to put in relates to:

A)intensity
B)direction
C)persistence
D)all of the above

Question 9

Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's need for hunger,thirst,and sex?

A)social
B)physiological
C)esteem
D)safety

Question 10

High intensity is unlikely to lead to favourable job-performance outcomes unless the effort is channelled in a direction that benefits the organisation.

Question 11

Doug is an IT support officer in his organisation.The majority of the time,he receives calls relating to network access problems,login problems and other small issues related to computer usage.Doug sees himself as a motivated individual.He tries very hard to do his job well. If Doug channels his efforts to making a list of all the potential problems that can come up so he can respond to people's IT queries more efficiently,it would exemplify:

A)intensity
B)direction
C)persistence
D)all of the above

Question 12

Maslow's hierarchy of needs are arranged in which of the following orders?

A)physiological,esteem,safety,social,and self-actualisation
B)safety,physiological,esteem,social,and self-actualisation
C)physiological,safety,social,esteem,and self-actualisation
D)physiological,social,safety,esteem,and self-actualisation

Question 13

General motivation is concerned with efforts towards a particular goal.

Question 14

The most well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow's:

A)Two-factor Theory
B)Motivator-Hygiene Theory
C)Theories X and Y
D)Hierarchy of Needs

Question 15

According to Maslow,when does a need stop motivating?

A)when it is substantially satisfied
B)it never stops motivating
C)when one chooses to move to a higher level need
D)when one returns to a lower level need

Question 16

Doug is an IT support officer in his organisation.The majority of the time,he receives calls relating to network access problems,login problems and other small issues related to computer usage.Doug sees himself as a motivated individual.He tries very hard to do his job well. After a while Doug finds it difficult to respond to people in a friendly manner when they call him with simple login problems.Which element of motivation is being challenged with Doug's new behaviour?

A)intensity
B)direction
C)persistence
D)all of the above

Question 17

Define motivation,clearly explaining the three components of motivation.

Question 18

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory contains five levels of needs.Which of the following is not one of those levels?

A)self-actualisation needs
B)social needs
C)motivational needs
D)safety needs

Question 19

The element of motivation,which measures how long a person can maintain effort is:

A)direction
B)persistence
C)intensity
D)drive

Question 20

In the definition of motivation,which of the following is not one of the three key elements?

A)direction
B)persistence
C)intensity
D)drive

Question 21

Which of the following is an assumption of a Theory Y manager's view of employees?

A)workers exercise self-direction
B)workers dislike work
C)workers avoid responsibilities
D)workers seek formal direction

Question 22

Which of the following is not true about the two-factor theory?

A)A job becomes satisfying when the dissatisfying characteristics are removed.
B)Intrinsic factors are motivators.
C)Working conditions are characterised as hygiene factors.
D)It has not been well supported in the literature.

Question 23

Which one of the following statements best describes a manager who follows Theory X assumptions?

A)He imposes strict controls.
B)He allows employees to use discretion.
C)He lets employees choose their own goals.
D)He makes extensive use of delegating authority.

Question 24

Which of the following is a criticism of the two-factor theory?

A)Reliability is questionable.
B)No overall measure of satisfaction is utilised.
C)The research methodology does not examine productivity.
D)All of the above.

Question 25

A Theory X manager would assume that employees:

A)like work
B)exercise self-direction
C)must be coerced to perform.
D)seek responsibility

Question 26

Which of the following were considered higher-order needs by Maslow?

A)esteem,self-actualisation
B)physiological,safety,social
C)social,esteem,self-actualisation
D)safety,social,esteem

Question 27

Higher-order needs are satisfied internally,whereas lower-order needs are predominantly satisfied externally.

Question 28

Douglas McGregor proposed:

A)the Hierarchy of Needs Theory
B)the Two-Factor Theory
C)Theories X and Y
D)ERG Theory

Question 29

Which one of the following would be considered a motivator in the two-factor theory?

A)recognition
B)supervision
C)working conditions
D)salary

Question 30

Who proposed a two-factor theory?

A)Alderfer
B)Herzberg
C)Maslow
D)McClelland

Question 31

The two-factor theory is also referred to as the:

A)hierarchy of needs theory.
B)motivation-hygiene theory.
C)theories X and Y.
D)satisfaction/dissatisfaction theory.

Question 32

Theory Y assumptions relate to:

A)Maslow's lower level needs
B)Maslow's higher level needs
C)both levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D)neither level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 33

The early theories of motivation are widely used by practitioners to explain employee motivation.

Question 34

Esteem is considered a lower order need.

Question 35

Which one of the following would Herzberg classify as a hygiene factor?

A)achievement
B)company policy
C)responsibility
D)growth

Question 36

According to Maslow,a need that is essentially satisfied no longer motivates.

Question 37

Two-factor theory suggests that extrinsic factors such as ________ cause dissatisfaction.

A)advancement
B)working conditions
C)recognition
D)achievement

Question 38

A Theory Y manager would assume that employees:

A)avoid responsibility
B)seek responsibility
C)need to be controlled
D)dislike work

Question 39

Which one of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is not true?

A)The need hierarchy concept has been well supported by research.
B)Physiological needs are the lowest level.
C)Social,esteem and self-actualisation are described as higher order needs.
D)The five levels of needs are arranged in hierarchical order.

Question 40

A Theory X manager would view employees as:

A)viewing work as a normal daily activity
B)seeking responsibility
C)needing to be coerced to achieve goals
D)exercising self-control

Question 41

You are a new employee with Acme,Inc.Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it.He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is structured. Your supervisor seems to possess ________ assumptions.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Theory Z
D)lazy

Question 42

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation.They work in an old,unattractive building with an antiquated heating system.The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available.You have decided to try to apply Herzberg's two-factor theory to the situation. What would Herzberg believe would motivate the employees?

A)receiving recognition for a job well done
B)improvement in working conditions
C)having the supervisor "hang around" more
D)fixing the heating system

Question 43

Research actively validates Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Question 44

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Question 45

Theory Y assumes people are inherently lazy.

Question 46

You are a new employee with Acme,Inc.Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it.He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is structured. Your supervisor would be expected to assume each of the following except:

A)Employees view work as natural.
B)The ability to make innovative decisions is not necessarily the sole province of managers.
C)The average person will seek responsibility.
D)Employees inherently dislike work.

Question 47

Your department is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life.Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage.Jonathan is 60 years old,extremely wealthy and works because he enjoys it.Jane is single,45 years old and has few interests outside the office.You have decided to attempt to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to motivate each of these individuals. You would expect that Mary is trying to satisfy her ________ needs.

A)social
B)physiological
C)self-actualisation
D)esteem

Question 48

McGregor himself held the view that Theory Y assumptions of human beings were more valid than those of Theory X.

Question 49

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation.They work in an old,unattractive building with an antiquated heating system.The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available.You have decided to try to apply Herzberg's two-factor theory to the situation. According to Herzberg,which of the following statements would be true?

A)When the dissatisfiers are removed,employees will be satisfied.
B)Lack of recognition is a dissatisfier.
C)Dissatisfaction and satisfaction are not opposites.
D)The relationship with the supervisor is a motivation factor.

Question 50

You are a new employee with Acme,Inc.Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it.He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is structured. As a Theory Y-type individual,your supervisor can be expected to do all of the following except:

A)assume that you will be internally motivated
B)assume that you want to do your job
C)monitor your work closely for signs that you are derelict
D)allow you freedom to do your job as you believe it should be done

Question 51

It was Maslow who proposed a two-factor theory,suggesting that intrinsic job factors motivate,whereas extrinsic factors only maintain and placate employees.

Question 52

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation.They work in an old,unattractive building with an antiquated heating system.The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available.You have decided to try to apply Herzberg's two-factor theory to the situation. You decide that your first job should be to remove the dissatisfiers.Which of the following would you remove?

A)advancement
B)intrinsic rewards
C)working conditions
D)recognition

Question 53

What assumptions are held by a Theory Y manager and how do these compare to the assumptions of a Theory X manager?

Question 54

According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory,how might a manager promote job satisfaction among employees?

Question 55

Hygiene factors generally lead to job satisfaction when present in a job.

Question 56

According to Herzberg,some factors lead to satisfaction,but if you remove the factors you create dissatisfaction.

Question 57

Your department is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life.Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage.Jonathan is 60 years old,extremely wealthy and works because he enjoys it.Jane is single,45 years old and has few interests outside the office.You have decided to attempt to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to motivate each of these individuals. You would expect that Jonathan is trying to satisfy his ________ needs.

A)self-actualisation
B)social
C)esteem
D)physiological

Question 58

Theory X assumptions hold a basically negative view of human beings.

Question 59

According to Herzberg,pay is a motivation factor.

Question 60

Self-determination theory proposes:

A)that people prefer to have the freedom of choice about what they will do,so enjoyed tasks must be intrinsically rewarded
B)that people prefer to have the freedom of choice about what they will do,so enjoyed tasks must be extrinsically rewarded
C)that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions,so anything that makes a previously difficult task feel more enjoyable like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will increase motivation
D)that people prefer to feel they are in control of their actions,so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation

Question 61

The contemporary theories of motivation are generally more valid than the early theories of motivation.

Question 62

Individuals high in ________ seem to respond to negative feedback with increased effort and motivation.

A)goal commitment
B)task difficulty
C)self-efficacy
D)none of the above

Question 63

The cognitive evaluation hypothesis is concerned with whether individuals perceive that rewards are distributed fairly.

Question 64

Self-concordance explains:

A)The degree to which a person's reasons for pursuing a goal are consistent with the person's interests and core values.
B)That specific and difficult goals,with feedback,lead to higher performance.
C)The degree of belief an individual has in their own abilities and capabilities to perform a task.
D)The degree of knowledge an individual has of their own abilities and capabilities to perform a task.

Question 65

A goal of "do your best":

A)enables the employee to perform their best
B)is better than a hard goal
C)is better than an easy goal
D)is inappropriate goal-setting

Question 66

Although goal setting has positive outcomes,some goals may be too effective.

Question 67

Self-determination theory is widely supported by studies.

Question 68

According to the goal-setting theory of motivation,goals should be:

A)easy
B)difficult but attainable
C)just a bit beyond his or her potential
D)extremely difficult

Question 69

Goal-setting theory was proposed by Edwin Locke.

Question 70

According to the self-determination theory,when extrinsic rewards are given to someone for performing an interesting task,it causes intrinsic interest in the task itself to decline.

Question 71

In goal-setting theory,goal commitment is less likely to occur if goals are made public.

Question 72

Self-determination theory works because:

A)extrinsic rewards will reward work that is already intrinsically satisfying and interesting
B)intrinsic rewards will reward work that is already intrinsically satisfying and interesting
C)extrinsic rewards will reward work that is already extrinsically satisfying and interesting
D)intrinsic rewards will reward work that is already extrinsically satisfying and interesting

Question 73

Self-determination theory states that motivation will decrease if intrinsic rewards are allocated for behaviour that had been previously extrinsically rewarding.

Question 74

All of the following are important issues relating to goal-setting theory with the exception of:

A)goal specificity
B)equity among co-workers
C)feedback
D)goal difficulty

Question 75

Which of the following is inconsistent with goal-setting theory?

A)If employees participate in setting goals,chances for acceptance are increased.
B)Challenging goals or difficult goals can increase performance.
C)Goals that are certain to be accomplished increase motivation.
D)Specificity increases motivation.

Question 76

Self-efficacy theory proposes four ways in which self-efficacy can be increased.Which of the following is not one of these steps:

A)Enactive mastery.
B)Vicarious discussion.
C)Verbal persuasion.
D)Arousal.

Question 77

________ proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation.

A)McClelland
B)Edwin Locke
C)Maslow
D)Herzberg

Question 78

Self-efficacy is also known as:

A)Self-concordance theory.
B)Self-determination theory.
C)Social Cognitive theory.
D)Cognitive learning theory.

Question 79

When considering Goal-Setting theory we can say that:

A)Feedback leads to quicker satisfaction of goals than does non-feedback.
B)Non-specific goals increase performance.
C)Difficult goals result in lower performance than do easy goals.
D)The evidence strongly supports the value of goals.

Question 80

According to the goal-setting theory,the goals that result in a high level of individual performance are:

A)general easy goals that give the employee freedom
B)specific easy goals
C)no goals at all
D)specific hard goals