Deck 11: Leadership

Question 1

The trait theories of leadership sought to find personal qualities that leaders had to some greater degree than non-leaders.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The cumulative findings from more than a half a century of research lead us to conclude that traits do not increase the likelihood of success of a leader.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Not all leaders are managers,nor,for that matter,are all managers leaders.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Leaders are needed to formulate detailed plans.

Question 5

What is the difference between leadership and management?

Question 6

Which theory considers personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders?

A)trait theory
B)contingency theory
C)path-goal theory
D)LPC

Question 7

Good leaders tend to be high in:

A)extraversion,narcissism,and communication
B)extraversion,agreeableness,and assertiveness
C)extraversion,conscientious,and openness
D)introversion,neuroticism,and narcissism

Question 8

Leadership and management are two terms that are interchangeable.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Non-sanctioned leadership is not as important as formal influence.
B)All managers are leaders.
C)All leaders are managers.
D)Just because an organisation provides its managers with formal rights,that is no assurance that they will be able to lead effectively.

Question 10

Organisations need strong leadership and strong management for optimum effectiveness.

Question 11

Managers are needed to create efficient organisational structures.

Question 12

Good ________ is needed to oversee day-to-day operations.

A)vision
B)leadership
C)management
D)inspiration

Question 13

Leaders are needed today to:

A)create efficient organisational structures
B)create visions of the future
C)formulate detailed plans
D)all of the above

Question 14

Traits have been shown to be quite helpful distinguishing effective from ineffective leaders.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is not true about contemporary leadership needs?

A)Leaders are needed to challenge the status quo.
B)Leaders are needed to ensure staff maintain adherence to rules.
C)Leaders are needed to inspire organisational members to want to achieve stated visions.
D)Leaders are needed to create visions of the future.

Question 16

Why is emotional intelligence an important trait for leaders to have?

A)it provides leaders with empathy
B)it provides the leader with skills at sending emotional triggers
C)it provides leaders with skills in managing their irritation
D)none of the above

Question 17

Leadership is:

A)a trait held by all managers
B)an inherited trait
C)not something that can be learned
D)the ability to influence a group in goal achievement

Question 18

Extraversion has been found to be the most important trait of effective leaders.

Question 19

Those who hold a management position are the only individuals who can become leaders in a group or organisation.

Question 20

The most important trait of effective leaders appears to be:

A)emotional stability
B)extraversion
C)agreeableness
D)assertiveness

Question 21

The two dimensions of leadership behaviour identified in the University of Michigan studies are:

A)structured coercion and respect initiation
B)consideration and influence
C)employee-oriented and production-oriented
D)initiating structure and consideration

Question 22

Traits can predict leadership.

Question 23

Compared with US employees,the French are more likely to expect leaders to be humane and considerate.

Question 24

The University of Michigan studies define a(n)________ leader as one who takes personal interest in the needs of his/her subordinates.

A)humanistic
B)employee-oriented
C)personal
D)country club

Question 25

According to the Ohio State studies,the extent to which a leader's behaviour is directed toward getting the job done is called:

A)contingency theory
B)employee-oriented
C)consideration
D)initiating structure

Question 26

Which of the following is a behavioural theory of leadership?

A)University of Michigan studies
B)Ohio State University studies
C)both of the above
D)none of the above

Question 27

Social and dominant people make good leaders.

Question 28

The followers of leaders who demonstrate consideration seem to:

A)be seen as more satisfied with their jobs
B)be more motivated
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 29

The Ohio State Studies used two dimensions: initiating structure and consideration.

Question 30

If a leader's main concern is accomplishing his/her group's tasks,the University of Michigan studies label this leader:

A)employee-oriented
B)goal-oriented
C)single-minded
D)production-oriented

Question 31

If behavioural leadership theories are correct,then:

A)leadership can be learned
B)leaders are born with leadership behaviours
C)leadership trait theories are incorrect
D)leader behaviour should be altered

Question 32

The most comprehensive and replicated of the trait theories resulted from research that began at Ohio State University.

Question 33

Identify and explain the common traits that have been consistently linked to effective leadership.

Question 34

There are traits identified in the research that guarantee leadership success.

Question 35

A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?

A)Help subordinates with personal problems.
B)Treat all subordinates as equal.
C)Have concern for subordinates' status and satisfaction.
D)Assign group members to particular tasks.

Question 36

Leaders high on consideration who emphasise participative decision making and have high LPC scores would be best suited to managing employees in Brazil.

Question 37

The two dimensions of leader behaviour explained in the Ohio State studies are:

A)employee-oriented and production-oriented
B)coercion and motivation
C)motivation and charisma
D)initiating structure and consideration

Question 38

Trait research provides a basis for ________ the right people to be leaders,whereas behavioural studies implied people can be _______ .

A)teaching; found
B)finding; taught
C)trained; selected
D)selecting; trained

Question 39

According to the Ohio State studies,the extent to which a leader is likely to have job relationships characterised by mutual trust and respect for his/her employees is:

A)consideration
B)initiating structure
C)concern for production
D)task-oriented

Question 40

If behavioural theories of leadership are valid,individuals can be trained to be leaders.

Question 41

Leaders who demonstrate high consideration tend to have more satisfied employees.

Question 42

Fiedler's contingency model assumes that an individual's leadership style is:

A)changeable
B)situational
C)trained
D)fixed

Question 43

If the least preferred co-worker is seen in relatively unfavourable terms,Fiedler would label the respondent:

A)task-oriented
B)humanistic
C)relationship-oriented
D)technical-oriented

Question 44

The degree to which job assignments are procedurised is classified in the Fiedler model as:

A)concern for people
B)position power
C)leader-member relations
D)task structure

Question 45

Discuss the two dimensions of leadership described in the Ohio State studies.

Question 46

Behavioural theories do not consider situation factors that influence the success or failure of different leadership behaviours.

Question 47

The situational leadership theory differs from other leadership theories most clearly because it:

A)uses the leadership dimensions of task and relationship behaviours
B)identifies specific leadership styles
C)focuses on the followers
D)makes leadership contingent on the situation

Question 48

Fiedler's theory predicts that an individual who is considered task oriented will be most effective when the situation is:

A)moderately favourable
B)moderately to highly unfavourable
C)moderately to highly favourable
D)very favourable or unfavourable

Question 49

Initiating structure is related to higher group productivity.

Question 50

The University of Michigan studies' production-oriented leaders tended to emphasise the technical or task aspects of the job.

Question 51

The leader designated as high on initiating structure tends to structure the role of subordinates more clearly.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a contingency dimension identified by Fiedler?

A)leader-member relations
B)task structure
C)the consideration scale
D)position power

Question 53

According to Fiedler's contingency theory,if there is not a match of leadership style to the group situation,what should be done?

A)change the situation to fit the leader
B)replace the manager
C)either A or B
D)none of the above

Question 54

Three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model are:

A)charisma,influence,and leader-member relations
B)leader-member relations,task structure,and position power
C)task structure,leadership ability,and group conflict
D)job requirements,position power,and leadership ability

Question 55

Fiedler labels the degree of confidence,trust,and respect subordinates have in their leader as:

A)task structure
B)position power
C)leader-member relations
D)employee-oriented

Question 56

Initiating structure is described as the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterised by mutual trust,respect for employees' ideas,and regard for their feelings.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a contingency theory?

A)path-goal theory
B)University of Ohio studies
C)the Fiedler model
D)Situational leadership theory

Question 58

Discuss the contribution of the behavioural theories of leadership.

Question 59

If you described your least preferred co-worker in relatively positive terms,then the respondent is:

A)task-oriented
B)technical-oriented
C)humanistic
D)relationship-oriented

Question 60

Which model represents the theory that effective leadership depends upon a proper match between a leader's style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader?

A)Fiedler Contingency Model
B)Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory
C)Leader-member Exchange Theory
D)Situational Leadership Theory

Question 61

Which of the following is not one of the leader behaviours described in the situational leadership theory?

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)aggressive

Question 62

The ________ theory argues that because of time pressures,leaders establish a special relationship with a small group of their subordinates.

A)leader-member exchange
B)path-goal
C)Fiedler leadership
D)managerial grid

Question 63

Contingency models of leadership suggest that there is no one best style of leadership.

Question 64

Fiedler's theory is based on the assumption that leaders can't change their styles to fit changing situations.

Question 65

The contingency approach to leadership would be best served by an autocratic leadership style.

Question 66

Which leadership style identified by House in path-goal theory leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or stressful than when they are highly structured and well laid out?

A)supportive
B)participative
C)achievement-oriented
D)directive

Question 67

In Fiedler's model,if the LPC is seen in relatively unfavourable terms,the respondent can be said to be primarily task-oriented.

Question 68

Fiedler used the most preferred co-worker (MPC)questionnaire.

Question 69

One of the problems with Vroom and Yetton's leader-participation model is the complication of considering the ________ contingency variables.

A)6
B)3
C)9
D)12

Question 70

Fiedler concludes that since we cannot change individuals,we should concentrate on changing situations to suit individuals.

Question 71

According to the situational leadership theory,readiness encompasses:

A)the follower's power
B)the age of the followers
C)the leader's motivation
D)the ability and willingness of followers to accomplish a specific task

Question 72

The Fiedler contingency model proposes that effective group performance depends upon the proper match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader.

Question 73

Vroom and Yetton's leadership theory could also be described as a ________ theory.

A)decision-making
B)trait
C)power
D)satisfaction

Question 74

According to Fiedler,task structure is the degree to which the job assignments are procedurised.

Question 75

The path-goal theory predicts all of the following except:

A)Directive leadership yields greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or stressful.
B)Supportive leadership results in high performance and satisfaction when employees are performing structured tasks.
C)Directive leadership yields greater satisfaction when tasks are highly structured.
D)Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant by employees with high ability or considerable experience.

Question 76

The leadership model that integrates the expectancy theory of motivation with the Ohio State leadership research is:

A)path-goal
B)Fiedler
C)autocratic-democratic
D)leader-participation

Question 77

One of the flaws in the Fiedler leadership model is that it fails to take into account the situation.

Question 78

According to Fiedler's contingency model,task-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favourable and very unfavourable.

Question 79

The leader-participation model was developed by:

A)Robert House
B)George Graen
C)Vroom and Yetton
D)Fred Fiedler

Question 80

Taken as a whole,tests of the overall validity of the Fiedler model lead to a generally positive conclusion.