Deck 7: Vive La Difference Theoretical Perspectives on Diversity and Exclusion in the Workplace

Question 1

An individual's self-esteem that acts as a personal indicator that allows people to monitor inclusion or exclusion reactions toward them from their environment.

A) Intergroup contact theory
B) Psychological gauge
C) Social identity theory
D) Relative deprivation theory

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Social psychological theories regarding diversity, social identity, and intergroup relations have been developed primarily in two locations - Western Europe and __________________.

A) Asia
B) North America
C) South America
D) Central America

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What theory holds that perceptions of inequality between one's own access to resources and that of others in the society that results in intergroup conflict and that emphasizes the emotional aspects (e.g. anger, outrage, and grievance) of oppression?

A) Social identity theory
B) Intergroup contact theory
C) Equity theory
D) Relative deprivation theory

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Avery, McKay, and Wilson's (2008) findings indicate that both African Americans and ________ believe they are more likely to experience race-related discrimination in the workplace than their White counterparts.

A) Women
B) Hispanics
C) Eastern Europeans
D) Asian Americans

Question 5

Box 7.2: The Classical Minimal Group Experiment study demonstrated that although the groups were based on a meaningless classification and members had no contact with each other, they still showed preference for the _______________.

A) Out-group
B) In-group
C) The management team
D) Their family

Question 6

Organizational demography has been used as a conceptual framework for diversity for:

A) More than a five years
B) Less than five years
C) Less than a year
D) More than two decades

Question 7

The study of organizational demography is useful for examining the relationship between __________ and exclusion in work organizations.

A) Leadership
B) People
C) Inclusion
D) Diversity

Question 8

Inclusion in organizational information networks and in decision-making process has been linked to better _____________________.

A) Higher salary
B) Education
C) Job opportunities
D) Health

Question 9

_________________ is the process people use to evaluate themselves by comparing their group's members with other groups.

A) Social identification
B) Social comparison
C) Intergroup contact theory
D) Sociometer

Question 10

When faced with negative or threatened social identity, individuals may utilize one of the following strategies.

A) Individual mobility
B) Group mobility through "social creativity."
C) Social competition
D) All of the above

Question 11

One of the most significant problems facing today's diverse workforce is that of ______________.

A) Oppression
B) Stereotypes
C) Exclusion
D) Inclusion

Question 12

The social comparison process, as delineate by Festinger, postulates that individuals have the need to evaluate themselves and to assess their relative standing within __________.

A) Groups
B) Societies
C) Family
D) Organizations

Question 13

Box 7.1: The Binocular Resolution Classical Experiments of Racial Categorization in South Africa: Prestige of Groups, Identification, and Exclusion. The experiment demonstrates that when people classify others into social categories:

A) Their self-identification with a specific category affects their classification of others
B) The social contexts affect the classification process
C) The group's prestige and hierarchy affect the classification process
D) All of the above

Question 14

Box 7.1: A series of experiments conducted in the middle of the 20th century tested the link associated with _________ identification, perceptions of group prestige, and social categorization.

A) Employer
B) Professional
C) In-group
D) Out-group

Question 15

What is an economic theory that assumes that people act in self-interest and that conflict is caused by people's drive to maximize their own or their group's rewards to the detriment of other groups' interests?

A) Intersectionality theory
B) Relative deprivation theory
C) Realistic conflict theory
D) Equity theory

Question 16

The concept of inclusion-exclusion refers to:

A) The individual's sense of being a part of the organizational system in both the formal process and information process.
B) An indicator for monitoring reactions among individuals within their work environment.
C) Perceptions of inequality between one's own access to resources and that of others in the society resulting in intergroup conflict and emphasizing the emotional aspects of relationships.
D) Assumes that people act in self-interest and that conflict is based on people's drive to maximize their own or their group's rewards to the detriment of other groups' interest.

Question 17

_________ scholars and the few scholars from other countries who have published on workforce diversity usually identified their work under titles such as gender studies, demography of the workforce, labor migration, and guest workers.

A) European
B) American
C) Scandinavian
D) Asian

Question 18

What theory emphasizes peoples' striving for justice and views perceptions of injustice as the cause for personal distress and intergroup conflict?

A) Intersectionality theory
B) Relative deprivation theory
C) Realistic conflict theory
D) Equity theory

Question 19

What theory holds that the root cause for conflict is lack of contact between groups, or contact under unfavorable conditions, and also holds that contact under optimal conditions (e.g. equal status between groups, common goals, intergroup coalition and support of authorities, law, and custom) could reduce prejudice and intergroup conflict.

A) Equity theory
B) Intergroup contact theory
C) Social identity theory
D) Relative deprivation theory

Question 20

Research demonstrates that social and physical pain share common physiological mechanisms as ________________.

A) Intergroup contact theory
B) Social identity theory
C) Social comparison
D) Social exclusion

Question 21

In-group members will make an effort to maintain or achieve superiority over an out-group in some dimensions.

Question 22

What are some limitations of the social identity theory in understanding diversity and exclusion?

Question 23

Men's network cohesion with other men is not correlated with women's limited access to information, knowledge and job opportunities.

Question 24

Several concepts serve as the building blocks of social identity theory and are central to its propositions. Expand on the two concepts of the social identity theory: social categorization and intergroup discrimination; and social identity and social comparison. Why are these concepts the building blocks of the social identity theory?

Question 25

Research shows that individuals from diverse groups commonly find themselves included in networks of information and opportunity.

Question 26

Social identity involves a process of self-categorization.

Question 27

Research indicates that individuals from diverse groups commonly find themselves excluded from networks of information and opportunity. Based on the research, what are some reasons that diverse groups feel excluded?

Question 28

Leadership and management qualities are often defined in masculine terms, perpetuating barriers for advancement and acceptance of women as managers.

Question 29

Because humans have always depended on others for their basic needs, they are motivated to maintain connections with significant people and social systems in their lives.

Question 30

Social identity is a perception of oneness with a group of persons.