Deck 14: Leadership Traits and Behavioral Styles

Question 1

The Trait Approach to leadership study assumes that leaders are endowed with certain traits or qualities associated with their leadership status and success.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Task structure describes whether the task is highly defined high structure) or ambiguous low structure).

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research shows that leaders are born not made.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Managers play a crucial role in creating climates in which employees work.

Question 5

Task-oriented behavior involves concern for relationships and socioemotional support.

Question 6

Common sense would tell us that not all traits or behaviors of leaders are positively related to effectiveness all of the time. Instead, whether a leader behavior is effective will depend on the situation.

Question 7

In order to find out if a leader has a certain trait you should examine their behaviors.

Question 8

The Behavioral Leadership Approach to leadership study focuses on identifying categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining their effects on performance and other outcomes.

Question 9

The central argument of behavioral leadership theories is that situational factors moderate the association between a manager's leadership style and his or her effectiveness.

Question 10

Directive Leadership is task-oriented, production-centered behavior that provides clarity and direction for subordinates.

Question 11

Contingency theories try to predict leadership efficiency.

Question 12

Early findings using the trait approach were very successful because researchers looked for significant correlations between traits and leadership outcomes instead of focusing on mediating variables.

Question 13

Contingency Approaches state that the relationship between leader behavior and leadership effectiveness depends on the situation.

Question 14

Supportive Leadership is relations-oriented, employee-centered behavior that promotes a friendly work climate by focusing on subordinate needs and wellbeing.

Question 15

Participative Leadership is a democratic form of leadership that focuses on consulting with subordinates and taking their suggestions into account before making decisions.

Question 16

Supportive Leadership is motivation-focused behavior that builds subordinates' confidence in achieving high standards through a focus on excellence and goal-setting.

Question 17

Much of the early work on behavioral approaches was centered at two universities and became known as the Yale and Harvard studies.

Question 18

Follower readiness is the amount experience or ability the follower has to do the job.

Question 19

Relations-oriented behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production.

Question 20

Task-oriented behaviors include maintaining performance standards, assigning tasks, identifying standard procedures, enforcing deadlines, correcting performance problems, and coordinating activities.

Question 21

Supportive leadership means the leader cannot change his or her style and therefore needs to change the situation to match the leader style.

Question 22

Follower position power describes the amount of formal authority associated with the position of the leader.

Question 23

Contingent rewards represent the exchange of rewards in exchange for mutually agreed-upon goal accomplishment.

Question 24

Transformational leadership involves a focus on exchanging valued goods in return for something leaders want.

Question 25

Bass's transactional and transformational leadership theory is one of the most prominent theories in leadership research.

Question 26

Charisma is a special personal quality or attractiveness that enables an individual to influence others.

Question 27

Laissez-faire leadership involves abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions.

Question 28

Power wielders use power to advance their own interests without considering followers' needs.

Question 29

A leader-match can be achieved only by selecting managers with the appropriate style to fit the situation.

Question 30

Passive management by exception involves intervening only if standards not met.

Question 31

A socialized charismatic power orientation is a focus on power for collective e.g., societal) rather than personal benefit.

Question 32

Efficiency is the quality and quantity of work produced.

Question 33

Heroic leadership views leadership as the result of acts of great leaders who inspire and motivate others to accomplish extraordinary things.

Question 34

Personalized charismatics are charismatic leaders who focus on a personalized power orientation.

Question 35

Active management by exception involves watching for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action.

Question 36

Transactional leadership involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively transformed in the process.

Question 37

Shared value view is the extent to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Question 38

Bass's transactional leadership involves leaders motivating followers to transcend self-interest for the sake of the organization or team.

Question 39

Research findings suggest that charisma is not a beneficial attribute for most chief executives.

Question 40

Bass's transformational leadership refers to the exchange relationship between leaders and followers to meet their own self-interests.

Question 41

Which of the following is not included in task-oriented behaviors?

A) Maintaining performance standards
B) Assigning tasks
C) Identifying standard procedures
D) Enforcing deadlines
E) Building relations

Question 42

Profit motives are the ethical values, norms, attitudes, feelings and behaviors of employees in an organization.

Question 43

Normative theory is the study of ethical problems and challenges distinctive to and inherent in the processes, practices, and outcomes of leading and following.

Question 44

Achievement-oriented leadership is based on Milton Friedman's view that the sole purpose of business is to make money.

Question 45

Which Approach to leadership study focuses on identifying categories of relevant leadership behavior and examining their effects on performance and other outcomes?

A) Behavioral approach
B) Leadership approach
C) Trait approach
D) Directive approach
E) Administrative approach

Question 46

The shared value view states that organizations should create economic value in a way that also creates value for society.

Question 47

Participative leadership fuels innovation, adaptability, and change.

Question 48

Which type of behavior involves providing direction and enforcing performance standards needed to drive production?

A) Relation-oriented
B) Leader-oriented
C) Task-oriented
D) Power-oriented
E) Ethical-oriented

Question 49

Leader position power involves making decisions independently with little or no input from others.

Question 50

Task structures are systems that adapt and evolve in the process of interacting with dynamic environments.

Question 51

In complex adaptive systems, coordination and control is centralized and comes from within the system.

Question 52

Administrative leadership occurs in formal, managerial roles and focuses on alignment and control aimed at driving business results.

Question 53

The type of behavior that involves concern for relationships and socioemotional support is known as __________ behavior.

A) relation-oriented
B) leader-oriented
C) task-oriented
D) power-oriented
E) ethical-oriented

Question 54

Power distance is the process through which higher-level order arises out of lower-level interactions.

Question 55

Complexity leadership theory describes a framework for considering leadership in the context of both bureaucracy and complex adaptive systems.

Question 56

An ethical climates theory is one that implies or prescribes a norm or standard.

Question 57

Servant Leadership is a view in which servant leaders selflessly serve others first.

Question 58

The trait approach focused on all of the following EXCEPT:

A) personality.
B) interpersonal behaviors.
C) motives.
D) values.
E) height and sex.

Question 59

Which Approach to leadership study assumes that leaders are endowed with certain traits or qualities that explain their leadership status and success?

A) Behavioral approach
B) Leadership approach
C) Trait approach
D) Directive approach
E) Administrative approach

Question 60

Empowering Leadership enables power sharing with employees by clarifying the significance of the work, providing autonomy, expressing confidence in the employee's capabilities, and removing hindrances to performance.

Question 61

The type of leadership that is best used when subordinates need limited direction and support is

A) achievement-oriented leadership.
B) directive leadership.
C) supportive leadership.
D) participative leadership.
E) transactional leadership.

Question 62

Which of the following suggest that the leader cannot change his or her style and therefore needs to change the situation to match the leader style?

A) Power distance
B) Supportive leadership
C) Leader-match
D) Transformational leadership
E) Complex adaptive systems

Question 63

___________ is/are a special personal quality or attractiveness that enables an individual to influence others.

A) Leadership
B) Charisma
C) Neutralizers
D) Traits
E) Power

Question 64

Which type of leadership is needed for completing challenging tasks or when subordinates need to take imitative?

A) Achievement-oriented leadership
B) Directive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transactional leadership

Question 65

A focus on power for collective rather than personal benefit is called

A) charisma.
B) ethics.
C) power distance.
D) a socialized charismatic power orientation.
E) a normative theory.

Question 66

Which of the following describes the amount of formal authority associated with the position of the leader?

A) Leader position power
B) Task structure
C) Participative leadership
D) Follower readiness
E) Authoritarian leadership

Question 67

Charismatic leaders can be most distinguished by their __________ skills.

A) organization
B) communication
C) critical thinking
D) management
E) problem solving

Question 68

Jerry is a production manager at ABC manufacturing. Jerry believes in motivation-focused behavior that builds his subordinates' confidence in achieving high standards through a focus on excellence and goal-setting. Jerry is practicing which of these?

A) Achievement-oriented leadership
B) Directive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transactional leadership

Question 69

________ leadership is needed when subordinates want guidance and direction in their jobs.

A) Achievement-oriented
B) Directive
C) Supportive
D) Participative
E) Transactional

Question 70

Which type of leadership is task-oriented, production-centered behavior that provides clarity and direction for subordinates?

A) Achievement-oriented leadership
B) Directive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transactional leadership

Question 71

The extent to which one accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally is called:

A) power distance.
B) complex adaptive systems.
C) leader match.
D) task structure.
E) profit motive.

Question 72

________________ are charismatic leaders with a personalized power orientation.

A) Adaptive leaders
B) Personalized charismatics
C) Servant leaders
D) Supportive leaders
E) Power wielders

Question 73

Nicole is a manager at Frost Inc. She is very confident and optimistic, tends to use strong expressive forms of communication, and uses personal risk and self-sacrifice to attain her visions for her organization. Nicole is said to be an) _______ leader.

A) participative
B) adaptive
C) directive
D) charismatic
E) achievement-oriented

Question 74

The amount experience or ability the follower has to do the job is known as

A) leader position power.
B) task structure.
C) participative leadership.
D) follower readiness.
E) authoritarian leadership.

Question 75

____________ use power to advance their own interests without considering followers' needs.

A) Transactional leaders
B) Empowering leaders
C) Power wielders
D) Neutralizers
E) Heroic leaders

Question 76

The type of leadership that is relations-oriented, employee-centered behavior that promotes a friendly work climate by focusing on subordinate needs and wellbeing is known as ______________.

A) achievement-oriented leadership
B) directive leadership
C) supportive leadership
D) participative leadership
E) transactional leadership

Question 77

As a manager, Joanna engages in democratic form of leadership that focuses on consulting with subordinates and taking their suggestions into account before making decisions. Joanna is said to following which of these?

A) Achievement-oriented leadership
B) Directive leadership
C) Supportive leadership
D) Participative leadership
E) Transactional leadership

Question 78

Which of the following states that the relationship between leader behavior and leadership effectiveness depends on the situation?

A) Transactional leadership approaches
B) Contingency approaches
C) Trait approaches
D) Behavioral leadership approaches
E) Administrative leadership approaches

Question 79

The type of leadership that is needed when subordinates want emotional, not task support is:

A) achievement-oriented leadership.
B) directive leadership.
C) supportive leadership.
D) participative leadership.
E) transactional leadership.

Question 80

According to Katherine Klein and Robert House, charisma is produced by three elements 1) ________, 2) ________, and 3) _________.

A) a spark, flammable material, oxygen.
B) power, control, force.
C) personality, traits, motivation.
D) traits, behaviors, power.
E) a situation, personalities, leaders.