Deck 11: Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

Question 1

Except in the rainy tropics, virtually all needleleaf trees are ________.

A) evergreen
B) deciduous
C) succulents
D) annuals
E) extinct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The hardwood broadleaf deciduous trees around the world are ________.

A) eucalyptus
B) angiosperms
C) gymnosperms
D) acacias
E) pines

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Taproots, thorns, and fleshy stems are characteristics of ________.

A) annuals
B) xerophytes
C) deciduous plants
D) plants with little environmental specialization
E) tundra vegetation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The ability to use solar energy in food production is ________.

A) accomplished by all life on Earth
B) not exhibited in animals
C) not exhibited in most plants
D) not accomplished by any of the life on Earth
E) a characteristic of only the perennials

Question 5

These plants perish during times of climatic stress.

A) succulents
B) hygrophytes
C) perennials
D) angiosperms
E) annuals

Question 6

A(n) ________ tree is one that sheds its leaves on a sporadic or successive basis with no seasonal variation.

A) deciduous
B) hardwood
C) softwood
D) broadleaf
E) evergreen

Question 7

________ were more important in past Earth history; today, the only large, surviving varieties are cone-bearing trees such as pines.

A) Hardwoods
B) Herbaceous plants
C) Angiosperms
D) Gymnosperms
E) Broadleaf plants

Question 8

Along with a few conifer species, this type of plant has dominated Earth for the last 50 or 60 million years.

A) bryophytes
B) pteridophytes
C) gymnosperms
D) hydrophytes
E) angiosperms

Question 9

Some of the spore-bearing plants are termed ________.

A) higher plants
B) trees
C) conifers
D) pteridophytes
E) angiosperms

Question 10

The timing of an entire life cycle into a few days after a rain and then followed by a long period of dormancy is a characteristic of ________ plants.

A) xerophytic
B) hydrophytic
C) hygrophtic
D) most
E) tall

Question 11

Shrubland has a wide distribution but is most common in ________ locales.

A) tundra
B) semiarid
C) marshes
D) steppes
E) riparian

Question 12

Plants that live above ground and out of contact with the soil, usually growing on trees or shrubs, are ________.

A) parasites
B) epiphytes
C) exotics
D) deciduous
E) xerophytes

Question 13

The higher plant type that carries its seeds in cones is the ________.

A) bryophyte
B) pteridophyte
C) xerophyte
D) angiosperm
E) gymnosperm

Question 14

The boundary between middle latitude forest and middle latitude grassland is most closely related to the concept of the ________.

A) food chain
B) biome
C) food pyramid
D) ecosystem
E) ecotone

Question 15

________ is NOT one of the world's biomes.

A) Desert
B) Ice field
C) Tundra
D) Boreal forest
E) Midlatitude grassland

Question 16

Which is NOT among the natural means for dispersal of seeds?

A) wind
B) ocean currents
C) animal activities
D) runoff from land surfaces
E) meteorite collisions

Question 17

"Hardwood" and "softwood" ________.

A) are based on easily defined criteria
B) have, respectively, simple and complicated cellular structures
C) are largely evergreen trees
D) are largely deciduous trees
E) are unsatisfactory descriptions of trees

Question 18

Plants which survive seasonal climatic fluctuations from year to year are ________.

A) succulents
B) xerophytes
C) perennials
D) annuals
E) epiphytes

Question 19

Which of the following plant types is herbaceous?

A) evergreen
B) softwood
C) deciduous
D) hardwood
E) grasses

Question 20

Ninety-five percent of all reptiles are ________.

A) water dwellers
B) snakes and lizards
C) poisonous
D) microscopic
E) capable of flight

Question 21

Which of the following types is a succulent?

A) cottonwood tree
B) bryophyte
C) eucalyptus
D) cactus
E) oak tree

Question 22

The land policies of the Brazilian government have caused ________ of Brazil's rainforest to be removed.

A) <1%
B) 20%
C) 50%
D) 80%
E) nearly 100%

Question 23

________ is a floristic association usually found in slightly drier climates than the forest floristic association.

A) Shrublands
B) Woodlands
C) Steppes
D) Grasslands
E) Beaches

Question 24

A Florist ic association dominated by tall grasslands and found in the middle latitudes is ________.

A) wetlands
B) deserts
C) steppe
D) savanna
E) prairie

Question 25

A ________ is a natural but variable sequential change in vegetation patterns.

A) deciduous
B) succession
C) hypertrophic
D) food chain
E) monotreme

Question 26

Plants adapted to environments with surplus moisture are called ________.

A) hygrophytic
B) xerophytic
C) edaphic
D) marsupials
E) taxonomic

Question 27

The reason that treelines at the same latitudes north and south of the Equator occur at different altitudes is ________.

A) the varying solar radiation received by each hemisphere
B) that there are few mountains in the Southern Hemisphere
C) the Sun is usually higher in the sky in the Northern Hemisphere
D) that there is more ocean in the Southern Hemisphere
E) not completely understood

Question 28

The floristic association which is much less extensive than the others on the list is ________.

A) tundra
B) grasslands
C) forests
D) wetlands
E) woodlands

Question 29

A slope struck by a low Sun angle has relatively low evaporation and thus supports a relatively luxuriant vegetation growth and is known as a(n) ________ slope.

A) adret
B) ubac
C) forte
D) epiphyte
E) selva

Question 30

According to the concept of vertical zonation, changes in ________ are the counterpart of changes in altitude.

A) latitude
B) slope angle
C) precipitation
D) soil
E) longitude

Question 31

________ is the term most associated with environmental equilibrium in a vegetation community.

A) Plant succession
B) Extinction
C) Migration
D) Reproductive success
E) Climax vegetation

Question 32

A type of species removal when vegetation is naturally replaced by another group is termed ________.

A) succession
B) adaption
C) competition
D) migration
E) rejuvenation

Question 33

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

A) savanna
B) steppe
C) shrubland
D) prairie
E) grassland

Question 34

In considering the major vegetational associations, we should remember that ________.

A) deforestation has accounted for it all
B) extraterrestrial factors have created the boundaries
C) they have been stable for a billion years
D) they have been around as long as the Earth
E) change is inevitable

Question 35

Vegetation growing alongside streams is termed ________.

A) riparian
B) adret
C) ubac
D) motile
E) endothermic

Question 36

The classic example of the effects of the environment on a species is shown by the ________ on a fox.

A) size of snout
B) color of fur
C) length of tail
D) size of ears
E) color of eyes

Question 37

In plant succession, each successive community tends to be ________ than the previous one.

A) simpler
B) less stable
C) less prone to species stability
D) of lesser area
E) taller

Question 38

The few trees in an area of midlatitude grassland biome probably would be ________.

A) conifers
B) hygrophytes
C) riparian
D) nomadic
E) lost

Question 39

The transfer of moisture from plant leaves to atmosphere is ________.

A) sublimation
B) estivation
C) transpiration
D) deposition
E) nivation

Question 40

Climax vegetation can be closely associated with the concept of ________.

A) extinction
B) natural selection
C) equilibrium
D) disturbance
E) human disturbance

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of most desert animals?

A) anatomically adapted by evolution
B) nocturnal activity
C) low range of daily body temperatures
D) large-scale movements to follow the rains
E) ability to delay reproduction until wet times

Question 42

Which of the following are NOT vertebrates?

A) amphibians
B) fishes
C) arthropods
D) reptiles
E) mammals

Question 43

Birds are believed to have evolved from ________.

A) gymosperms
B) angiosperms
C) mammals
D) fish
E) reptiles

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a difference between plants and animals?

A) Animals need nutrients and plants do not.
B) Animals tend to be mobile and plants are not.
C) Plants can fix solar energy into chemical form and animals can not.
D) Plants are more prominent than animals on the landscape.
E) Plants have been more important to geographic study than have animals.

Question 45

There are approximately ________ known species of birds.

A) 9
B) 90
C) 900
D) 9,000
E) 90,000

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT common animal adaptation to prolonged dry weather?

A) migration
B) estivation
C) delayed implantation
D) nocturnal activity
E) increased reproduction rates

Question 47

The biological classification puts amphibians under the more general heading of ________.

A) symbiosis
B) parasites
C) arthropods
D) vertebrates
E) flora

Question 48

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Valley bottoms tend to have riparian vegetation.
B) Valley bottoms usually have little subsurface moisture.
C) Valley bottoms tend to have sparse flora.
D) Valley bottom vegetation is rare in arid regions.
E) Valley bottoms are also called "adret slopes."

Question 49

Ungulates are ________.

A) large trees
B) hoofed animals
C) extinct
D) vines that hang from trees
E) desert plants covered with thorns

Question 50

________ is (are) one of the features distinguishing mammals from all other animal groups.

A) Warm blood
B) True hair
C) Eyelids
D) Tongues
E) Toenails

Question 51

Which of the following are most abundant on Earth?

A) Amphibians
B) Fishes
C) Birds
D) Arthropods
E) Reptiles

Question 52

Organisms capable of self-generated movement are termed ________.

A) adret
B) ubac
C) mobile
D) riparian
E) torpid

Question 53

Which of the following characteristics is closely associated with mammals and birds but not other groups of animals?

A) They have spinal cords.
B) They have brains.
C) They are endothermic.
D) They are arthropods.
E) They are very plentiful compared to other animal groups.

Question 54

The most remarkable series of adjustment to the desert environment has been made by the ________.

A) lion
B) kangaroo
C) snake
D) dromedary
E) ostrich

Question 55

________ is(are) NOT (an) animal adaptation(s) prominent in the desert biome.

A) Burrowing
B) Nomadism
C) Hygrophytic characteristics
D) Nocturnal habits
E) Estivation

Question 56

Animals are not as accurate environmental indicators as are plants, mainly because of their ________.

A) body temperature
B) lack of photosynthesis
C) cell structures
D) mobility
E) size

Question 57

The egg-laying mammals of the Australian region are the ________.

A) primates
B) monotremes
C) marsupials
D) lagomorphs
E) lepidoptera

Question 58

Which of the following does NOT refer specifically to animal adaptations to the environment?

A) nomadism
B) mutualism
C) parasitism
D) succession
E) mobility

Question 59

________ is (are) characteristic of a high proportion of animals.

A) Shiny hair
B) Flightlessness
C) Anatomical similarities to camels
D) Extreme susceptibility to heat stress
E) Nomadism

Question 60

An animal is ________ if it is able to maintain its temperature through bodily processes.

A) endothermic
B) cold-blooded
C) fur-bearing
D) lizard-like
E) under heated

Question 61

In the interior of the ________ biome, one would find the aroma of mold and decomposition, high humidity, and much plant litter of the forest floor.

A) Tropical rainforest
B) Boreal forest
C) Tropical savanna
D) Tropical scrub
E) Tundra

Question 62

________ involves two dissimilar organisms living together with no injury to either. An example is burrowing owls sharing the underground homes of prairie dogs.

A) Mutualism
B) Competition
C) Parasitism
D) Commensalism
E) Predatorism

Question 63

Which biome has a high proportion of thorny plants?

A) tropical scrub
B) tropical rainforest
C) midlatitude grassland
D) tropic deciduous forest
E) midlatitude deciduous forest

Question 64

Which zoogeographic region has the most limited faunal assemblage?

A) the Pacific Islands
B) New Zealand
C) Neotropical
D) Nearctic
E) Palearctic

Question 65

After the rainforest is cleared for agriculture, the most typical occurrence is that ________.

A) high agricultural yields occur for many years
B) the soils soon lose their fertility
C) the country's standard of living increases
D) the biotic diversity is increased
E) fertilization is unnecessary for many years

Question 66

In the tropical deciduous forest, trees shed their leaves because of a short but pronounced ________.

A) dry season
B) wet season
C) summer season
D) cold season
E) high sun season

Question 67

By far, the zoogeographic region with the most distinct flora and fauna is ________.

A) the Neotropical region
B) the Australian region
C) the Palearctic region
D) the Nearctic region
E) the Oriental region

Question 68

The zoogeographic region dominated by flightless birds is the ________.

A) Neotropical
B) New Zealand
C) Nearctic
D) Madagascar
E) Ethiopian

Question 69

________ total (major plus minor) zoogeographic regions are generally recognized.

A) Five
B) Nine
C) Twenty
D) Thirty-nine
E) Fifty

Question 70

The South American continent falls within the zoogeographic ________ region.

A) Nearctic
B) Palearctic
C) Ethiopian
D) Neotropical
E) Phreatic

Question 71

Which zoogeographic covers most of Asia?

A) Neotropical
B) Australian
C) Madagascar
D) Oriental
E) Palearctic

Question 72

The world zoogeographic regions map includes ONLY ________ animals.

A) domesticated
B) feral
C) wild
D) exotic
E) big game

Question 73

Most of North America, including the U.S.A. and Canada, lies within the ________ zoogeographic realm.

A) Australian
B) Neotropical
C) Palearctic
D) Ethiopian
E) Nearctic

Question 74

Trees of the genus Eucalyptus dominate the vegetation of ________.

A) Australia
B) Greenland
C) Europe
D) North America
E) Most of Earth

Question 75

A large component of the world's selva is located in ________.

A) central Australia
B) central Africa
C) eastern Canada
D) U.S. Midwest
E) Tasmania

Question 76

________ is the arrangement in which two dissimilar organisms live together.

A) Symbiosis
B) Succession
C) Co-location
D) Cooperation
E) Paternalism

Question 77

An alternate term for tropical rainforest biomes is ________.

A) chaparral
B) savanna
C) selva
D) jungle
E) prairie

Question 78

Which of the following facilitated the interchange of animals between the Nearctic and Paleartic regions?

A) the melting of ice at the end of the Ice age
B) the Bering Land Bridge
C) the ice of the Arctic Ocean
D) the drifting of the continents
E) the formation of the Rocky Mountains

Question 79

________ is the country with the largest expanse of tropical rainforest.

A) Brazil
B) Malaysia
C) Kenya
D) India
E) China

Question 80

The major zoogeographic regions of the world are mapped to the original delineation by ________.

A) Darwin
B) Huxley
C) Wallace
D) Agassiz
E) Smith