Deck 12: Leadership and Followership

Question 1

According to Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid, a manager with a high concern for production and low concern for people would be in what position on the grid?

A) 1,1
B) 1,9
C) 9,1
D) 9,9

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the Leadership Grid approach to leadership, a manager who exerts just enough effort to avoid being fired would be consistent with what position on the grid?

A) 9,9
B) 5,5
C) 1,1
D) 1,9

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As a supervisor, you find yourself in a situation where you have good relationships with employees, the task is structured, and you have and can exercise strong position power. Your leadership behavior and style should be:

A) employee-centered.
B) very controlling.
C) task-oriented.
D) autocratic.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Democratic leadership style differs from autocratic leadership style in that democratic leaders:

A) do not assume ultimate authority and responsibility.
B) force compliance to rules and procedures.
C) grant followers a high degree of discretionary influence.
D) require more structure in the work environment.

Question 5

The important underlying dimensions of leader behaviors according to the Ohio State studies are:

A) autocratic and democratic.
B) task-centered and concern for production.
C) consideration and initiating structure.
D) P-oriented and M-oriented.

Question 6

Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid identifies a country club manager as someone who:

A) exerts minimal effort to get the work done.
B) builds a highly productive work team.
C) conforms to requirements and applies considerable pressure on employees to perform.
D) creates a pleasing, happy work environment and applies minimal supervision.

Question 7

Contingency theories of leadership, in determining appropriate leader behavior and style, focus strongly on:

A) follower characteristics.
B) situational factors.
C) physical traits of the leader.
D) how leaders behave.

Question 8

According to John Kotter, leadership, in contrast to management, entails:

A) planning and budgeting.
B) organizing and staffing.
C) problem solving.
D) setting an organizational direction.

Question 9

Which of the following is a new leadership style that has been added to the leadership grid?

A) "Middle of the road"
B) "If it isn't broke, don't fix it"
C) "Father knows best"
D) "If you aren't making mistakes, you aren't learning"

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of laissez-faire leadership?

A) High job satisfaction
B) The leader's high demand for authority
C) Lower interpersonal conflict at work
D) Role ambiguity for followers

Question 11

The theories of leadership concerned with identifying specific leadership styles that are most effective in specific leadership situations are the:

A) trait theories.
B) behavioral theories.
C) contingency theories.
D) transformational theories.

Question 12

Kotter suggests that leadership and management:

A) consist of very similar activities.
B) cannot be combined in a synergistic way.
C) involve the management of major change efforts within the organization.
D) are two distinct, yet complementary systems of action in organizations.

Question 13

According to the Michigan studies on leadership, a leader in a(n)

A) autocratic
B) democratic
C) employee-oriented
D) production-oriented work environment uses direct, close

Question 14

Trait leader theories focus on all of the following except:

A) abilities.
B) personality characteristics.
C) physical attributes.
D) situational characteristics.

Question 15

All of the following are characteristics of autocratic leadership style except:

A) strongly controlled work relationships.
B) explicit work orders and minimal follower flexibility in application of work rules.
C) highly structured work situation and close supervision.
D) discretionary influence over work environment granted to followers.

Question 16

Trait theories of leadership:

A) fit traits to various situations.
B) emphasize the situation in classifying approaches to leadership.
C) offer strong and uniform research findings.
D) focus on leaders' physical attributes, personality, and abilities.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best reflects the support for trait theories to identify universal distinguishing attributes of leaders?

A) Trait studies have identified physical attributes as being more important to leadership than personality or intelligence.
B) When looking at physical attributes, height has been the leader attribute with universal generalizability.
C) Findings on traits as a basis for explaining leader effectiveness are neither strong nor uniform.
D) Trait theory studies have tended to conclude that there are strong implications for training and development rather than selection.

Question 18

Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid research differs from the Ohio State studies in that the Leadership Grid:

A) does not address behavior.
B) is descriptive and non-evaluative.
C) found that the organizational man approach was more effective.
D) includes attitudinal overtones.

Question 19

According to Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid, an impoverished manager is one who:

A) avoids taking sides and stays out of conflicts.
B) creates a happy, comfortable work environment.
C) emphasizes efficient production.
D) maintains the status quo.

Question 20

According to Zaleznik's thinking on leaders as distinct personalities, leaders and managers differ along four different dimensions of personality. Which of the following is NOT one of those dimensions?

A) Attitudes toward goals
B) Relationships with others
C) Sense of self
D) Internal versus external orientation

Question 21

In the context of Situational Leadership model, the telling style entails:

A) considerable task and relationship behaviors.
B) considerable task behavior and low relationship behavior.
C) low task behavior and considerable relationship behavior.
D) low task and relationship behaviors.

Question 22

According to the Situational Leadership model, a follower is able and willing.

A) telling
B) delegating
C) selling _{d. participating}
Style of leadership is appropriate for tasks in which a

Question 23

The Situational Leadership model, developed by Hersey and Blanchard, suggests that the leader's behavior should be adjusted according to the:

A) task structure.
B) type of power.
C) maturity level of followers.
D) leader-follower relationships.

Question 24

Charismatic leadership relies heavily on power.

A) legitimate
B) reward
C) referent
D) expert

Question 25

Charismatic leadership:

A) is based on coercive power.
B) is very different from transformational leadership.
C) becomes a very effective leadership approach in times of stability.
D) carries risks of destructive courses of action that might harm followers.

Question 26

Fiedler recommends that managers, in order to be effective, should:

A) adjust the task structure to fit the situation.
B) change the situation to fit their leadership style.
C) adjust their position power.
D) treat employees differently depending upon the task.

Question 27

According to Fiedler's contingency theory, which of the following are the three dimensions of situational favorableness?

A) Initiating structure, position power, and leader-member relations
B) Initiating structure, task structure, and position power
C) Task structure, leader-member relations, and production orientation
D) Task structure, leader-member relations, and position power

Question 28

_{27. In the context of the path-goal theory, a style of leadership is used when the leader must give specific}
Guidance about work tasks, schedule work, and let followers know what is expected.

A) supportive
B) achievement-oriented
C) participative
D) directive

Question 29

The path-goal theory of leader effectiveness by Robert House is based on:

A) an equity theory of motivation.
B) a goal setting theory of motivation.
C) an expectancy theory of motivation.
D) McGregor's Theory Y approach to motivation.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the leader behavior styles described in the path-goal theory of leader effectiveness?

A) Directive
B) Participative
C) Relationship-oriented
D) Achievement-oriented

Question 31

In the context of transformational leadership, the term convince even skeptics to support it.

A) authentic leadership
B) reality-distortion field
C) out-group leadership persuasion _{d. selling style}
Refers to the ability of a leader to create a vision and

Question 32

In the context of transformational leadership, follower's needs and acts as a coach or a mentor.

A) intellectual stimulation
B) individualized consideration
C) individual consultation _{d. facilitation}
Refers to how much concern the leader displays for each

Question 33

According to Fiedler, the effectiveness of leaders is dependent on:

A) the favorableness of their situation.
B) the least preferred coworker.
C) task structure.
D) position power.

Question 34

_{28. In the context of the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model, the form of decision making is where a}
Manager permits a group to make decisions within prescribed limits, providing needed resources and encouragement.

A) consult individually
B) decide
C) delegate
D) consult group

Question 35

In the context of leadership theories, the with followers.

A) positional power
B) followership
C) LMX
D) transactional

Question 36

A multidimensional construct that includes transformational, charismatic, or transactional leadership as the situation might demand is known as:

A) contingency leadership.
B) authentic leadership.
C) inspirational leadership.
D) leadership grid approach.

Question 37

According to the contingency theory developed by Fiedler, what is the most appropriate action where it is found there is a misfit between the leader and the situation?

A) Attempt to change the leader's behavior through training.
B) Remove the leader and replace him/her with someone that will result in a fit.
C) Reengineer the leader's situation to fit the leader's basic predisposition.
D) Develop better assessment techniques for leaders as well as group members.

Question 38

The basic idea behind leader-member exchange theory is that:

A) followership is based on member perceptions of equity.
B) leaders form two groups of followers-in­groups and out­groups.
C) leaders develop relationships with followers based on the principle of who does what and how much for whom.
D) followership depends on the degree that a task is satisfying.

Question 39

The Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model helps leaders and managers determine:

A) when to change the decision situation or style of the leader.
B) how to identify what leadership style is most appropriate through the administration of the LBDQ.
C) the appropriate level of employee participation in decision making.
D) how to focus on task characteristics, leader-member relations, or the position power of the leader.

Question 40

Transformational leaders:

A) inspire and stimulate followers to high performance levels.
B) use reward and punishment to shape employee behavior.
C) rely on contractual arrangements to manage employees.
D) use legitimate and reward power.

Question 41

In contrast to leadership, the topic of followership has:

A) been viewed as not highly differentiated versus leadership.
B) been viewed from a traditional perspective as active.
C) not been extensively researched.
D) not endorsed the view that the follower role is an active one with potential for leadership.

Question 42

Leaders agitate for change and new approaches, managers advocate stability and the status quo.

Question 43

In the context of followership, are potentially disruptive and a threat to the health of the organization.

A) alienated followers
B) survivors
C) sheep followers
D) yes people

Question 44

There is a dynamic tension between leaders and managers that makes it difficult for each to understand the other.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT included in the guidelines for leadership?

A) Different situations call for different leadership styles and behavior.
B) No two leaders are the same.
C) There is no one best leadership style but there are organizational preferences in terms of style.
D) Good leaders are not likely to be good followers.

Question 46

One belief of is that work exists for the person as much as the person exists for work.

A) transactional leadership
B) abusive leadership
C) servant leadership
D) charismatic leadership

Question 47

"Better safe than sorry" is the motto of which type of followers?

A) Sheep
B) Survivors
C) Yes people
D) Alienated followers

Question 48

The glass cliff refers to:

A) preventing women from taking on difficult leadership situations.
B) men perceiving women as less suited to difficult leadership positions due to their lack of decision making experience.
C) a trend in organizations to place more women in difficult leadership situations.
D) women perceiving difficult leadership situations as situations to avoid due to inherent risk of failure.

Question 49

Which of the following is true of women managers?

A) Women are less suited to difficult leadership positions because they lack decision-making skills.
B) Women have to rely on position power to be effective leaders.
C) Women tend to be personally power-driven rather than socially power-driven.
D) Women tend to use a more people-oriented style that is more inclusive and empowering.

Question 50

Effective followers:

A) are courageous.
B) are self-aggrandizing.
C) uncritically reinforce leaders' ideas.
D) require close supervision.

Question 51

Emotional intelligence is made up of all of the following competencies except:

A) higher technical skills.
B) higher self-awareness.
C) adaptability.
D) empathy.

Question 52

are followers who do not think independently or critically and are passive in their behavior.

A) Survivors
B) Alienated followers
C) Yes people
D) Sheep

Question 53

The Leadership Grid approach to leadership evaluates a country club manager as someone who builds a highly productive team of committed people.

Question 54

It is generally agreed that the trait theories have been very successful in being able to identify universal, distinguishing attributes of leaders.

Question 55

Authentic leaders are characterized by all of the following except:

A) high levels of hope.
B) optimism.
C) resilience.
D) benevolence.

Question 56

refers to the willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another and is an essential element in leadership.

A) Facilitation
B) Supervision
C) Followership
D) Trust

Question 57

Followers who tend to be passive but are capable of independent and critical thinking are:

A) alienated followers.
B) the yes people.
C) sheep.
D) survivors.

Question 58

According to Kotter, effective leadership produces useful change in an organization.

Question 59

leaders tend to trust nobody, leading to preventable mistakes.

A) Lone-wolf
B) Autocratic
C) Laissez-faire
D) Women

Question 60

Which of the following statements best characterizes emotional intelligence in the context of leadership?

A) While most leaders gain emotional intelligence as they age, everyone starts with an equal amount.
B) Technical skills and IQ are more important for emotional intelligence than for leadership.
C) Leaders can learn emotional intelligence through honest feedback from coworkers.
D) Leaders with low emotional intelligence don't necessarily make poor decisions or lose their effectiveness.

Question 61

According to LMX theory, out-group members are more likely to support the values of the organization and become models of appropriate behavior.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the Ohio State leadership model with the Leadership Grid.

Question 63

Transactional leaders inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance.

Question 64

Match the following:
a. One who can inspire others and initiate change and development
b. A leader who relies on coercive and reward power
c. A leader who can inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance
d. A leader with extreme referent power
e. Emphasis on physical attributes or personality characteristics
Transactional Leader

Question 65

The traditional stereotype of a follower is someone who is in a potent, active, significant role.

Question 66

Compare and contrast transformational and transactional leadership.

Question 67

Explain the role of emotional intelligence in leadership.

Question 68

When a leader has strong position power, the task is moderately structured, and leader-member relations are good, a laissez-faire leadership style is appropriate.

Question 69

Leadership is not the only factor that influences organizational performance.

Question 70

Autocratic leaders tend to be task oriented and utilize initiating structure behavior.

Question 71

What are the characteristics of an effective follower?

Question 72

Servant leaders try to determine their own personal needs, as well as the needs of the group, and then lead based on the joint outcomes determined by this process.

Question 73

Briefly describe the different types of leadership theories.

Question 74

Enumerate the differences between the management process and the leadership process.

Question 75

Match the following:
a. One who can inspire others and initiate change and development
b. A leader who relies on coercive and reward power
c. A leader who can inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance
d. A leader with extreme referent power
e. Emphasis on physical attributes or personality characteristics
Traits

Question 76

Briefly explain the five guidelines for leadership.

Question 77

The situational leadership model by Hersey and Blanchard suggest that a leader's behavior should be adjusted to the maturity level of the followers.

Question 78

When the task is difficult and employees are highly trained, a directive style of leadership should be used.

Question 79

Briefly explain House's path-goal theory of leadership.

Question 80

Participative, considerate leader behaviors that demonstrate a concern for people appear to enhance the health and well-being of followers in the work environment.