Deck 5: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations: Connections That Work

Question 1

Most of the time, we engage in _________________ behavior, the behavior safest with casual acquaintances because it is scripted.

A) backstage
B) front-stage
C) on-stage
D) unstaged

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following theories would be most likely to argue that people take the underlying rules of interaction for granted?

A) Ethnomethodology
B) Dramaturgy
C) Rational choice theory
D) Conflict theory

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Reciprocity, or a mutual offering of favors, is a motivator for interaction according to:

A) Linguistic relativity theory
B) Rational choice theory
C) Ethnomethodology
D) Dramaturgy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an achieved status?

A) Grandson
B) Latino
C) Woman
D) Parent

Question 5

After experiencing combat, many veterans experience internal disorder, conflict, and a sense of normlessness because of the chaos created by war. Émile Durkheim would say that they are feeling:

A) Anomie
B) Altruism
C) Egotism
D) Latent emotions

Question 6

Through our social networks, we are linked to:

A) Religious organizations
B) Political subcultures
C) The United Nations
D) All of the above

Question 7

Our social networks include:

A) Private interactions
B) Small groups
C) Global organizations
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

A) Physician
B) Daughter
C) Employee
D) Friend

Question 9

Carolina's daughter wants to go to a local concert that will keep her out past curfew. Although Carolina feels that as a good mom, she should be her daughter's friend and consider her daughter's wishes, she also believes that a good mother should provide structure by maintaining rules. Carolina is experiencing:

A) Role confusion
B) Role conflict
C) Role strain
D) Status inconsistency

Question 10

Nicole addresses an introductory sociology course as a guest lecturer. She is most likely to address the class while standing at a:

A) Social distance
B) Personal distance
C) Intimate distance
D) Public distance

Question 11

Sue is in biology class. Her professor explains a theory that she doesn't understand. The professor asks if there are any questions and no one raises their hand. Sue is reluctant to raise her hand because she feels uncomfortable. This is an example of the:

A) Rational choice theory
B) Status inconstancy principle
C) Rationalization principle
D) Social construction of reality

Question 12

Maria interviews Eric for an entry-level position at the firm where she works. According to Edward Hall, the two will most likely sit at a(n)__________ distance from one another.

A) intimate
B) social
C) public
D) personal

Question 13

Lee promised his brother Kirby that he would watch the Cincinnati Bengals's football game with him at home. However, Lee's friend Sue won tickets on a local radio station, and she wants Lee to come to the game with her. Because Lee is torn between his role as Sue's friend and Kirby's brother, Lee is experiencing:

A) Role conflict
B) Role strain
C) Role confusion
D) Status inconsistency

Question 14

Isabella is a good student; she attends sociology class, does well in her other studies, and would never break a campus rule. Unfortunately, her brother Craig is addicted to drugs, steals from their mother, and lives on the streets. One day, Craig calls Isabella and asks her to let him stay in her dorm. Isabella knows that visitors are not allowed in the dormitory, but she wants to help her brother. According to role theorists, Isabella is feeling:

A) Role conflict
B) Role strain
C) Role reversal
D) All of the above

Question 15

_______________ govern social contexts to let us know what is the right and proper behavior in social interaction.

A) Norms
B) Sanctions
C) Statuses
D) Ethnomethodologies

Question 16

___________________ is interaction using facial expressions, the head, eye contact, body posture, gestures, touch, walk, status symbols, and personal space.

A) Nonverbal communication
B) Exchange
C) Ethnomethodology
D) Presentations of self

Question 17

When Stanley Milgram set out to understand the distance between individuals in society, he found that we need to go through an average of __________ individuals before accessing a previously unacquainted target.

A) three
B) six
C) eight
D) ten

Question 18

Andrew meets his girlfriend in an airport terminal coffee shop after being apart for the past three months. They will most likely communicate within:

A) Culturally sensitive distance
B) Public distance
C) Intimate distance
D) Personal distance

Question 19

Cindy just changed her major from psychology to sociology and is trying to make friends in her sociology class. One day, Jack, a fellow sociology major, says, "psychology is only for people interested in studying rats." Cindy laughs, even though she disagrees with him and did not think the joke was funny. According to dramaturgists, Cindy is performing ___________ behavior.

A) self-hate
B) side-stage
C) backstage
D) front-stage

Question 20

__________ refer to our social positions and _________ refer to the expectations associated with a social position.

A) Master statuses, status sets
B) Status sets, master statuses
C) Roles, statuses
D) Statuses, roles

Question 21

Researchers find that words make up less than 35% of the emotional content of a message.

Question 22

All of the following are characteristics of ideal-type bureaucracy except:

A) An emphasis on democratic decision making
B) A division of labor based on technical competence
C) An administrative hierarchy
D) Formal rules and regulations

Question 23

Roman's fellow factory workers are considered a(n)__________ group because they are a large, task-oriented group that focuses on achieving a specific goal.

A) out-
B) primary
C) secondary
D) reference

Question 24

After working at a local fast-food restaurant for two years, Chris becomes uninvolved and unconnected to his job. He finds his job boring and feels he will not be promoted to a better position. Chris is most likely experiencing:

A) McDonaldization
B) Oligarchy
C) Goal displacement
D) Alienation

Question 25

Krista's group of college friends is considered a(n) __________ group because they have a strong sense of loyalty to one another, they care deeply about each other, and they receive intrinsic value from belonging.

A) out -
B) secondary
C) primary
D) reference

Question 26

Global organizations such as the United Nations are linked to individuals through social networks.

Question 27

__________ refer to new approaches that have developed to deal with some of the dysfunctions of bureaucracy.

A) Alternative organization structures
B) Informal institutions
C) Secondary groups
D) Informal structures

Question 28

Which of the following traits is not characteristic of in-groups?

A) A desire to incorporate members of an out-group
B) Hostility or rejection of out-group members
C) Strong feelings of superiority
D) Feelings of prejudice and ethnocentrism

Question 29

Because norms govern social behavior, social interaction is rarely misinterpreted.

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of individuals and macro-level organizations interacting?

A) A father who joins the parent-teacher association
B) A cat handler who shows her Devon rex cats at a state Cat Fanciers' Association show
C) Women around the globe receiving training and education from the United Nations
D) A fan attending a regional football league game

Question 31

Using the turn signal to let the drivers around you know that you are turning left is an example of obeying a social norm.

Question 32

According to Durkheim's discussion of suicide, anomic suicide refers to:

A) Suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and who lacks clear norms and guidelines for social behavior
B) Suicide caused by feeling little social bond to the group or society
C) Suicide caused by such a strong bond and group obligation that the individual is willing to die for the group
D) Suicide caused by depression due to downward mobility

Question 33

The iron law of oligarchy states:

A) Pay and working conditions are highly influential in workers' productivity.
B) Workers are objectified in the process of creating a product that they do not see completed or from which they do not gain profits.
C) The original motives or goals of an organization are displaced by new, secondary goals.
D) Power becomes concentrated in the hands of a small group of leaders in organizations.

Question 34

Which of the following is a characteristic of a group?

A) Members pursue individual goals
B) Inability to recruit new members
C) Freedom of expected behaviors
D) Members engaging in structured interaction patterns

Question 35

According to the text, the belief that minorities (sexual, racial, religious, etc.) are detrimental to workplace efficiency is false because:

A) On average, immigrants work harder than nonimmigrants.
B) Employers can pay immigrants less and therefore increase profit.
C) Diversity increases productivity and problem solving.
D) Minorities do not experience role strain.

Question 36

According to Durkheim, the key finding of his study on suicide is that suicide can be predicted by the:

A) Level of cohesion in the individual's social network
B) Degree to which an individual was integrated into the group
C) Number of social groups the individual belonged to
D) Individual's religious affiliation

Question 37

All of the following are problematic by-products of bureaucracies except:

A) Alienation
B) Goal displacement
C) Oligarchy
D) Increased efficiency

Question 38

To correct some of the dysfunctions caused by bureaucracy, the Sociology Company makes all decisions as a group, emphasizes cooperation, and uses personal appeals to ensure that everyone participates in problem solving. The Sociology Company is a(n) __________ organization.

A) informal
B) secondary
C) democratic-collective
D) oligarchic

Question 39

The main purpose of a bureaucracy is to:

A) Encourage development of secondary groups
B) Limit the role of primary groups in socialization
C) Maximize efficiency
D) Develop anomie

Question 40

Durkheim's concept of anomie refers to a:

A) State of normlessness
B) Social fact
C) Small, premodern society held together by kinship ties
D) Large, modern society with a specialized division of labor

Question 41

Being a guitarist in a band is an achieved status.

Question 42

Role strain is the tension between roles within one status.

Question 43

Within a group, individuals may hold both formal and informal statuses.

Question 44

In the context of foreign language acquisition, nonverbal messages are the easiest part to master.

Question 45

According to rational choice theory, interactions generally involve expectations of reciprocity.

Question 46

The amount of personal space an individual needs to feel comfortable varies by cultural setting.

Question 47

Social distance is the distance most public figures use for addressing others, especially in formal settings.

Question 48

Others assign one to a master status, so it is unlikely to affect an individual's self-concept.

Question 49

Because personal space is decided culturally, men and women in the same culture have similar personal-space norms.

Question 50

The "real you" is most evident when you engage in backstage behavior.

Question 51

Grandma Elly feels role conflict because she wants to be a good grandma and give her grandson, Jackson, a cookie but knows that a good grandma wouldn't ruin her grandson's appetite with sweets. Grandma Elly is experiencing role conflict.

Question 52

"Father" is a social status.

Question 53

The A-OK sign is an insult in Japan.

Question 54

Touching, embracing, and kissing are indicators of personal distance.

Question 55

Personal distance is used for first-time business relations, such as a job interview.

Question 56

Michael enjoys being the most popular boy in his high school. All of his popular friends are on the soccer team, but Michael doesn't like soccer because he doesn't like running. Despite his dislike for soccer, he tries out for the school team. Dramaturgists would categorize his behavior as "impression management."

Question 57

Ethnomethodology and dramaturgy draw from symbolic interaction theory.

Question 58

Gender and ethnicity are examples of achieved statuses.

Question 59

According to dramaturgy, we only perform a small portion of our interactions in front of audiences.

Question 60

At home or with close friends with whom we are more intimate, we engage in front-stage behavior.

Question 61

An example of goal displacement is the case of Pedro Espada Jr., who pleads guilty to charges of stealing money from health care clinics he ran in the Bronx.

Question 62

Because of the success of affirmative-action policies, minorities are equally promoted within bureaucratic organizations.

Question 63

Name at least three ways primary groups differ from secondary groups, and then provide an example of each type.

Question 64

The feelings we often have for members of out-groups can result in prejudice and ethnocentrism.

Question 65

It is easy for individuals to maintain morals and values when working in an extremely large organization.

Question 66

Ben has a new job and admires his new boss, Ray, because he is intelligent, aggressive, honest, and (most importantly) successful. Ray is most likely part of Ben's reference group.

Question 67

Role conflict differs from role strain in that conflict is between the roles within one status.

Question 68

Dan is on a first date with a woman. They do not know each other, and Dan, an adept sociology student, wonders which of the four social distances to maintain while at the art exhibit. Which distance should Dan use? Why?

Question 69

Individuals require organizations for human interaction and to meet their needs.

Question 70

Working toward accomplishing a goal or a task often motivates secondary groups.

Question 71

Weber used the term "ideal-type bureaucracy" to describe a bureaucracy that would not experience the typical dysfunctions associated with bureaucracy.

Question 72

Some companies pay millions in taxes to move their physical headquarters from one nation to another, an advantage to being a global business.

Question 73

Goal displacement is a common problem in bureaucracies.

Question 74

Durkheim found that personal despair always motivates suicide.

Question 75

Compare and contrast ascribed, achieved, and master statuses. Provide an example of each.

Question 76

Describe a norm that an ethnomethodologist could violate to learn something about social interaction. In your description, state why this norm is a good example to violate and what the ethnomethodologist might learn from the violation.

Question 77

In the United States, status is stable and does not change over time.

Question 78

Compare and contrast role strain and role conflict. Provide an example of each.

Question 79

Compare and contrast egoistic, anomic, and altruistic suicide as Durkheim described them.

Question 80

List and briefly discuss two links from your micro-level networks.