Deck 10: Managing Stress and Money

Question 1

________ is a statistical approach that observes what behaviors are rare, or occur infrequently in a specific society or culture, and labels those deviations from the norm "abnormal."

A) Abnormality as deviation from the average
B) Abnormality as deviation from the ideal
C) Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort
D) Abnormality as the inability to function effectively

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements accurately identifies either a strength or a limitation of the psychoanalytic perspective on psychological disorders?

A) Strength: It highlights individual responsibility for abnormal behavior.
B) Strength: The perspective offers a precise and objective approach for observing and treating behavior.
C) Limitation: There is no conclusive way to link childhood experiences with abnormal adult behavior.
D) Limitation: It does not take into account that prior experiences can have a profound effect on a person's current psychological functioning.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Social phobia is the fear of being:

A) suffocated in confined spaces.
B) judged or embarrassed by others.
C) attacked by a clown.
D) sexually abused.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Insanity is a(n) ________ term.

A) legal
B) psychological
C) archaic
D) colloquial

Question 5

Which of the following perspectives on psychological disorders assumes that physiological causes are at the root of psychological disorders?

A) Medical perspective
B) Psychoanalytic perspective
C) Humanistic perspective
D) Behavioral perspective

Question 6

Intense, irrational fear of specific objects or situations is referred to as:

A) compulsion.
B) mania.
C) specific phobia.
D) obsession.

Question 7

The feeling of apprehension and tension experienced in reaction to stressful situations is referred to as:

A) mania.
B) dyslexia.
C) anxiety.
D) paralysis

Question 8

The cognitive perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are the result of:

A) vitamin deficiency.
B) maladaptive thoughts.
C) hormonal imbalances.
D) genetic mutations.

Question 9

The greatest strength of the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders is its:

A) emphasis on observable behavior.
B) emphasis on a person's rich inner life.
C) focus on childhood conflicts that affect adult behavior.
D) explicit recognition of the biological underpinnings of behavior.

Question 10

It is best to view abnormal behavior and normal behavior as:

A) discrete categories.
B) two well-demarcated and non-overlapping terms.
C) marking two ends of a continuum.
D) absolute states.

Question 11

________ considers behavior abnormal if it produces a sense of personal distress, anxiety, or guilt in an individual-or if it is harmful to others in some way.

A) Abnormality as the inability to function effectively
B) Abnormality as a legal concept
C) Abnormality as deviation from the ideal
D) Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort

Question 12

Which perspective on psychological disorders primarily argues that psychological disorders stem from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression?

A) Sociocultural perspective
B) Medical perspective
C) Humanistic perspective
D) Psychoanalytic perspective

Question 13

A primary goal of treatment using the cognitive perspective on psychological disorders is to:

A) explicitly teach new, more adaptive ways of thinking.
B) use electroconvulsive therapy.
C) detect the genetic anomalies that cause abnormal behaviors.
D) use the technique of trephination for the purpose of treating mental illnesses.

Question 14

The advantage of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, is that:

A) it is primarily descriptive and does not suggest the cause or reason for a problem.
B) it does not label an individual as abnormal and thereby avoids a dehumanizing, lifelong stigma.
C) it does not rely too much on the medical perspective on abnormal behavior.
D) it considers the degree to which people display psychologically disordered behavior rather than compartmentalizing them into inflexible categories.

Question 15

Fear of places, such as unfamiliar or crowded spaces, where help might not be available in case of emergency is referred to as:

A) acrophobia.
B) claustrophobia.
C) xenophobia.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 16

Psychoanalytic treatment typically involves:

A) administering drugs to maintain hormonal balance.
B) examining early childhood experiences.
C) using electroconvulsive therapy.
D) employing trephination techniques.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major type of anxiety disorder?

A) Phobic disorder
B) Down syndrome
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 18

A difference between the psychoanalytic perspective and the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders is that:

A) the behavioral perspective looks at abnormal behaviors as symptoms of an underlying problem.
B) the psychoanalytic perspective rejects the idea that prior experiences can have a profound effect on current psychological functioning.
C) the behavioral perspective views the abnormal behavior itself as the problem.
D) the psychoanalytic perspective holds individuals responsible for their abnormal behavior.

Question 19

Andy visits his family doctor because he displays symptoms of depression. The doctor conducts an examination and deduces the root cause as a chemical imbalance in his brain. In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders does Andy's doctor use?

A) Medical perspective
B) Psychoanalytic perspective
C) Humanistic perspective
D) Behavioral perspective

Question 20

The behavioral perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are:

A) genetic anomalies.
B) learned responses.
C) hormonal imbalances.
D) chemical deficiencies.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about major depression?

A) It is abnormal to experience sadness after experiencing disappointment in life.
B) People suffering from major depression have high levels of energy.
C) Major depression may have no clear trigger and is more intense than normal depression.
D) For reasons unknown, the rate of depression is decreasing throughout the world.

Question 22

The difference between illness anxiety disorder and conversion disorder is that:

A) illness anxiety disorder is a genetic disorder.
B) conversion disorder involves an actual physical disturbance.
C) illness anxiety disorder has a medical cause.
D) conversion disorder is a chromosomal disorder.

Question 23

________ is a form of amnesia in which an individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity.

A) Anorexia
B) Conversion disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Dissociative fugue

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true about dissociative disorders?

A) Dissociative fugue involves an actual loss of information from memory and typically results from a physiological cause.
B) In dissociative amnesia, people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.
C) In dissociative identity disorder, an individual displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
D) In multiple personality disorder, an individual experiences a significant, selective memory loss.

Question 25

Rosy had a peculiar condition. She seemed to have lost the ability to use her arm. She complained to her doctor that it had become numb and completely paralyzed. However, the doctor could not find a biological cause that could explain her condition. Rosy is most likely suffering from:

A) conversion disorder.
B) vascular dementia.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) dysthymic disorder.

Question 26

________ is a disorder in which a significant, selective memory loss occurs.

A) Agnosia
B) Anorexia
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Conversion disorder

Question 27

Mood disorder refers to:

A) a form of amnesia in which an individual leaves home and assumes a new identity.
B) a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
C) an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ.
D) an actual loss of information from memory that typically results from a physiological cause.

Question 28

Omar finds himself in front of a pet supplies display at a discount store in the town of Xania. His last memories are of his childhood in the town of Genovia. He can't recall how he reached the discount store. Which of the following most accurately describes Omar's condition?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Dissociative amnesia
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 29

Clara has been depressed since she lost her job. She has been complaining of a severe backache that is affecting her daily life. However, upon examination, her physician has found no medical cause for her condition. In this scenario, Clara is most likely suffering from:

A) a somatic symptom disorder.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) Huntington's disease.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 30

How does dissociative amnesia differ from simple amnesia?

A) Dissociative amnesia involves an actual loss of memory, whereas simple amnesia does not.
B) Simple amnesia involves an actual loss of memory, whereas dissociative amnesia does not.
C) Simple amnesia occurs due to stress, whereas dissociative amnesia does not.
D) Dissociative amnesia typically results from a physiological cause, whereas simple amnesia does not.

Question 31

________ is a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.

A) Akinesia
B) Hemophilia
C) Illness anxiety disorder
D) Agnosia

Question 32

The term ________ is sometimes used to describe the lost memories of people with dissociative amnesia.

A) "free-floating" memories
B) la belle indifference
C) repressed memories
D) selective memories

Question 33

Psychological difficulties that take on a physical form but for which there is no medical cause are called ________.

A) genetic disorders
B) chromosomal disorders
C) somatic symptom disorders
D) cognitive disorders

Question 34

Samantha started feeling dizzy while she was shopping with her friends. Although the weather was quite cold, she began sweating heavily. Her friends took her to a doctor, but he could not identify the reason behind her symptoms. In the given scenario, which of the following is Samantha most likely suffering from?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Panic disorder
C) Huntington's disease
D) Trisomy 21

Question 35

________ is an extended state of intense, wild elation.

A) Mania
B) Depression
C) Anxiety
D) Insomnia

Question 36

Paige has an illness anxiety disorder. This means:

A) she is faking physical symptoms to gain attention.
B) she misinterprets minor symptoms as evidence of serious illness.
C) she is experiencing an actual, dramatic physical disturbance.
D) she is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 37

________ is a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 38

A common thread among dissociative disorders is that:

A) they allow people to escape from some anxiety-producing situation.
B) people suffering from these disorders experience a significant loss of memory.
C) they involve an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to see or hear.
D) people suffering from these disorders leave their homes to lead a life of anonymity.

Question 39

________ disorders are psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person's personality that are normally integrated.

A) Conversion
B) Dissociative
C) Chromosomal
D) Somatic symptom

Question 40

________ is a major somatic symptom disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg.

A) Conversion disorder
B) Vascular dementia
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Dysphoric disorder

Question 41

________ is a disorder in which a person typically alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression.

A) Amnesia
B) Conversion disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Dissociative fugue

Question 42

Gloria considers herself an exceptional human being. She expects special treatment from others but does not take others' feelings into consideration. Gloria's behavior indicates that she is suffering from ________.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) bipolar disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) catatonic schizophrenia

Question 43

Butch, a gifted musician, alternates between periods of dark despair and times of elation, great energy, recklessness, and creativity. He seems to be most prolific during periods of mania. Butch is most likely suffering from ________.

A) conversion disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) dissociative disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder

Question 44

Roger is a manipulative individual who has no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others. Roger most likely has:

A) manic disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 45

A characteristic that reliably distinguishes schizophrenia from other disorders is:

A) disturbances of thought and speech.
B) improvement from a previous level of functioning.
C) a lack of emotional disturbances.
D) a lack of social withdrawal.

Question 46

Carrie is dramatic and emotionally volatile. She rapidly forms intense relationships that seem to fall apart just as quickly. Although she tends to distrust others, she also needs their attention to define her. Carrie is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

A) antisocial personality
B) borderline personality
C) narcissistic personality
D) bipolar personality

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of the major clinical disorders?

A) The fear of water occurs in dissociative disorders.
B) Sexual dysfunction occurs in mood disorders.
C) Loss of memory due to degeneration of brain cells occurs in somatic symptom disorders.
D) Severe distortion of reality occurs in schizophrenia.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true about manic-depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

A) Manic-depressive disorder is a type of bipolar disorder.
B) Bipolar disorder is a type of manic-depressive disorder.
C) Manic-depressive disorder is a severe form of bipolar disorder.
D) Bipolar disorder is a new term that has replaced the label manic-depressive disorder.

Question 49

People with ________ account for by far the largest percentage of those hospitalized for mental disorders.

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative disorders
C) major depression
D) anxiety disorders

Question 50

________ is a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 51

The predisposition model of schizophrenia suggests that:

A) schizophrenia has genetic causes.
B) expressed emotion can't trigger schizophrenic symptoms.
C) schizophrenia is not related to social rejection.
D) individuals may inherit an inborn sensitivity to develop schizophrenia.

Question 52

________ schizophrenia is characterized by the presence of disordered behavior such as hallucinations, delusions, and emotional extremes.

A) Reactive
B) Process
C) Negative-symptom
D) Positive-symptom

Question 53

Research suggests that ________, a neurotransmitter, may be a major contributor to the development of schizophrenia.

A) somatostatin
B) octopamine
C) dimethyltryptamine
D) glutamate

Question 54

Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of a personality disorder?

A) People with antisocial personality disorder have an exaggerated sense of self-importance.
B) People with schizoaffective personality disorder have an overly emotional and dramatic style of behavior.
C) People with borderline personality disorder rely on relationships to define their identity.
D) People with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society.

Question 55

________ is a disorder typically marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity.

A) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) Narcissistic personality disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 56

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a major role in depression?

A) Endorphins
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Morphine

Question 57

Which of the following brain abnormalities is associated with schizophrenia?

A) Reduced activity in the brain's dopamine pathways
B) Increased activity in the frontal lobe of the brain
C) Abnormalities in cortex and limbic systems
D) Brain receptors related to hearing and color being inactive during hallucinations

Question 58

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a(n):

A) exaggerated sense of self-importance.
B) tendency to submit to demeaning treatment.
C) disregard for religion.
D) inability to develop a stable sense of identity.

Question 59

Psychologist ________ suggests that depression is largely a response to learned helplessness.

A) Rogers
B) Seligman
C) Ellis
D) Maslow

Question 60

Karen's thoughts seem disjointed and illogical, and she suffers from frequent hallucinations. In addition, the syntax of her speech is unusual. Karen is most likely suffering from:

A) an anxiety disorder.
B) hypochondriasis.
C) schizophrenia.
D) a dissociative disorder.

Question 61

Which of the following is a sexual disorder?

A) Paraphilia
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Bulimia

Question 62

________ refers to a severe developmental disability that impairs children's ability to communicate and relate to others.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Autism spectrum disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 63

The perspective on abnormality holds that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression.

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true about schizophrenia?

A) People throughout the world suffer from schizophrenia.
B) The symptoms associated with schizophrenia are the same across cultures.
C) Schizophrenia is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
D) People with schizophrenia have enlarged hippocampi.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and culture?

A) DSM provides the final word on psychological disorders.
B) Psychological disorders are different among cultures.
C) Psychological disorders are universally found in all cultures.
D) DSM is not a creation and function of Western cultures.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true about autism spectrum disorder?

A) It is not a severe developmental disability and can be easily cured.
B) It is marked by inattention, impulsiveness, and a low tolerance for frustration.
C) It results in children wanting increased social contact.
D) It usually appears in the first three years and typically continues throughout life.

Question 67

Some health practitioners argue that symptoms of ________ disorder simply define a child having a temper tantrum rather than a disorder.

A) disruptive mood dysregulation
B) somatic symptom
C) premenstrual dysphoric
D) dissociative identity

Question 68

is a condition found in Southeast Asian males who develop an intense panic that the penis is about to withdraw into the abdomen.

Question 69

People with generalized anxiety disorder often feel that something dreadful is about to happen but can't identify the reason and thus experience .

Question 70

Alzheimer's disease is classified as a(n) ________ disorder.

A) eating
B) organic mental
C) somatic symptom
D) manic

Question 71

Which of the following is an eating disorder?

A) Apraxia
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Agnosia
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 72

In a study conducted with more than 8,000 men and women between the ages of 15 and 54 in the United States, it was found that:

A) 48 percent of those interviewed had experienced a disorder at some point in their lives.
B) comorbidity was nonexistent.
C) posttraumatic stress disorders were infrequent.
D) 30 percent of those interviewed had experienced narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 73

People with panic disorders have reduced reactions in the to stimuli that normally produce a strong reaction in those without the disorder.

Question 74

Amok is a psychological disorder:

A) in which males develop an intense panic that the penis is about to withdraw into the abdomen.
B) found in Malaysia but not in the West.
C) found in parts of Africa but not in the West.
D) that is characterized by severe, incapacitating mood changes related to a woman's menstrual cycle.

Question 75

Psychologists typically define , broadly, as behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives.

Question 76

The perspective on abnormality suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the fundamental cause will be found through a physical examination of the individual.

Question 77

Lionel is 2 years old. His communication ability is severely impaired. He appears withdrawn and unresponsive to affection. He has difficulty in both verbal and nonverbal communication, and he tends to avoid social contact. He is most likely to be diagnosed with:

A) narcissistic personality disorder.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) autism spectrum disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 78

is characterized by the occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning.

Question 79

________ refers to the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with a primary disease or disorder.

A) Disruptive mood dysregulation
B) Hoarding behavior
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Comorbidity

Question 80

According to a massive study on the prevalence of psychological disorders in the United States, which of the following is the most commonly reported disorder?

A) Depression
B) Alcohol dependence
C) Panic disorder
D) Posttraumatic stress disorder