Deck 2: Making the Most of Your Time

Question 1

Dendrite is to axon what ________ is to ________.

A) receiving; sending
B) sending; receiving
C) reuptake; action potential
D) action potential; reuptake

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is described incorrectly?

A) Acetylcholine: transmits messages related to skeletal muscles
B) GABA: an excitatory neurotransmitter inhibited by alcohol or tranquilizers
C) Serotonin: helps regulate sleep and mood
D) Glutamate: plays a role in memory

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges nervous system structures from the most general to the most specific?

A) Neuron → axon → terminal button
B) Neuron → terminal button → axon
C) Axon → terminal button → neuron
D) Axon → neuron → terminal button

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The reabsorption of neuro transmitters by a terminal button is termed as:

A) recycling.
B) reassertion.
C) reuptake.
D) reuse.

Question 5

An axon is a:

A) neuron's cell body.
B) cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron.
C) support cell in the nervous system.
D) long, slim, tube-like extension.

Question 6

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another?

A) Dendrite → axon → cell body
B) Dendrite → cell body → axon
C) Cell body → axon → dendrite
D) Axon → dendrite -→cell body

Question 7

Psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior are known as ________.

A) genetic psychologists
B) bio psychologists
C) evolutionary psychologists
D) clinical neuro psychologists

Question 8

The state in which a neuron has a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts is known as the ________ state.

A) triggering
B) terminal
C) optimum
D) resting

Question 9

A(n) ________ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages.

A) synapse
B) terminal button
C) axon
D) cell body

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding inhibitory messages is true?

A) Inhibitory messages always increase the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
B) Inhibitory messages decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
C) The dendrites of a neuron can't receive both excitatory and inhibitory messages simultaneously.
D) Inhibitory messages make it more likely that an action potential will travel down its axon.

Question 11

The basic elements of the nervous system are called:

A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) neurons.
D) neuro transmitters.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding the action potentials?

A) As an impulse travels along an axon, the movement of ions changes the charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon.
B) An action potential moves from one end of an axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse.
C) After an impulse has passed through a particular section of an axon, negative ions are pumped out of that section, and its charge returns to positive while an action potential continues to move along the axon.
D) Just after an action potential has passed through a section of an axon, a neuron can fire again immediately if it receives enough stimulation.

Question 13

A ________ is a protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon.

A) myelin sheath
B) glial cell
C) dendrite
D) synapse

Question 14

Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by a:

A) myelin sheath.
B) glial cell.
C) terminal button.
D) synapse.

Question 15

Terminal buttons are found at the end of:

A) neurotransmitters.
B) dendrites.
C) axons.
D) glial cells.

Question 16

There is a cluster of fibers at theend of every neuron that receives messages from other neurons called:

A) axons.
B) terminal buttons.
C) glial fibers.
D) dendrites.

Question 17

When an action potential occurs, aneuron's electrical charge:

A) changes from negative to neutral.
B) changes from positive to neutral.
C) changes from negative to positive.
D) changes from positive to negative.

Question 18

The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the ________ law.

A) intensity of stimulus
B) graded action
C) all-or-none
D) incremental transformational

Question 19

________ are specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior.

A) Pharyngeal motor neurons
B) Mirror neurons
C) Ventral cord motor neurons
D) Amphid neurons

Question 20

Which of the following structures is especially important for carrying messages received by the dendrites to other neurons?

A) Neurotransmitter
B) Synapse
C) Axon
D) Glial cell

Question 21

The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ________ and ________ divisions.

A) somatic; autonomic
B) sympathetic; parasympathetic
C) afferent; efferent
D) sensory; motor

Question 22

________ communicate information in the opposite direction, from the brain and nervous system to muscles and glands.

A) Mirror neurons
B) Amphid neurons
C) Motor neurons
D) Autoneurons

Question 23

A(n) ________ is an automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus.

A) action potential
B) intuition
C) instinct
D) reflex

Question 24

The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to calm the body after an emergency has ended is known as the ________ division.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) apathetic

Question 25

The neurotransmitter dopamine is:

A) associated with the brain's effort to deal with pain.
B) related to Alzheimer's disease.
C) involved in the regulation of sleep, eating, mood, and pain.
D) involved in movement, attention, and learning.

Question 26

The ________ is the main means for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

A) cortex
B) medulla
C) axon
D) spinal cord

Question 27

The ________ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organs.

A) somatic division
B) sympathetic division
C) parasympathetic division
D) autonomic division

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is correctly matched with a psychological function?

A) Relief of pain: glutamate
B) Regulates mood: acetylcholine
C) Facilitates learning: dopamine
D) Contributes to memory: serotonin

Question 29

Which disorder is correctly paired with an associated neurotransmitter?

A) Parkinson's disease: dopamine
B) Depression: glutamate
C) Schizophrenia: serotonin
D) Alzheimer's disease: endorphins

Question 30

Sensory is to motor what ________ is to ________.

A) efferent; afferent
B) afferent; efferent
C) afferent; interneuron
D) interneuron; efferent

Question 31

The nervous system is divided into the ________ and the ________ nervous systems.

A) primary; secondary
B) somatic; autonomic
C) sympathetic; parasympathetic
D) central; peripheral

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the spinal cord's control of behavior?

A) The spinal cord can't control any behavior without the help of the brain.
B) The spinal cord is not involved in reflexes.
C) The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain's help.
D) The spinal cord can control relatively complex behavior without the brain's help.

Question 33

The ________ division directs the body to store energy for use in emergencies.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) apathetic

Question 34

Inhibitory is to excitatory what ________ is to ________.

A) glutamate; GABA
B) glutamate; acetylcholine
C) GABA; glutamate
D) endorphins; GABA

Question 35

The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism's resources to respond to a threat is known as the ________.

A) somatic division
B) sympathetic division
C) parasympathetic division
D) apathetic division

Question 36

The central nervous system is composed of ________. The peripheral nervous system comprises ________.

A) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
B) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the brain and the spinal cord
C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
D) the brain and the spinal cord; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 37

The brain and the spinal cord constitute the ________ nervous system.

A) central
B) peripheral
C) extraneous
D) parasympathetic

Question 38

Somatic is to autonomic what ________ is to ________.

A) involuntary; voluntary
B) voluntary; involuntary
C) excitation; rest
D) rest; excitation

Question 39

The fight-or-flight response is associated with the ________ division.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) apathetic

Question 40

Which of the following situations is most likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) Brooke accidentally touches a hot iron, and she immediately jerks her hand away.
B) Callie panics when she mistakes her roommate for a thief, but she relaxes after having a glass of water.
C) Denise walks toward her car in a deserted street and is alarmed when a strange-looking man appear sout of no where.
D) Peyton gets ready to go to bed and is alarmed when she sees a stranger at her window.

Question 41

The study of the effects of heredity on how people conduct themselves is known as ________.

A) behavioral genetics
B) classical genetics
C) development genetics
D) molecular genetics

Question 42

Izzy sees a snake in her backyard. Her pupils dilate, and her heart starts pounding. Her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her ________ nervous system is active.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) apathetic
D) somatic

Question 43

Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A) They operate entirely independently.
B) The endocrine system is part of the central nervous system.
C) The endocrine system influences and is influenced by the nervous system.
D) The central nervous system is part of the endocrine system.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a brain-scanning technique?

A) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
B) Electromyogram (EMG)
C) Positron emission tomography (PET)
D) Transcranial magnetic stimulation imaging (TMS)

Question 45

The ________ gland has sometimes been called the master gland because it controls the functioning of the rest of the endocrine system.

A) pituitary
B) esophageal
C) apocrine
D) parotid

Question 46

The hindbrain includes each of the following structures EXCEPT the:

A) medulla.
B) thalamus.
C) pons.
D) cerebellum.

Question 47

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brain's central core?

A) Hippocampus
B) Cerebellum
C) Pons
D) Reticular formation

Question 48

The ________ gland is a major component of the endocrine system, which secretes hormones that control growth and other parts of the endocrine system.

A) esophageal
B) apocrine
C) parotid
D) pituitary

Question 49

The ________ is the part of the brain that is located in the middle of the central core and acts primarily to relay information about the senses.

A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) amygdala

Question 50

Brent is taking part in an experiment in the cognitive neuroscience lab on campus. Silently, he reads sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. Simultaneously, the electrical activity of his brain is recorded through electrodes placed on the outside of his skull. The brain-scanning technique used in this study is:

A) fMRI.
B) PET.
C) EEG.
D) TMS.

Question 51

One of the newest brain-scanning techniques that is sometimes called a virtual lesion is:

A) PET.
B) EEG.
C) TMS.
D) fMRI.

Question 52

The pons serves to:

A) regulate arousal.
B) relay sensory information to the brain's association areas.
C) integrate movement between the left and right halves of the body.
D) consolidate memories.

Question 53

Marisol is trying a new treatment for severe depression. A tiny region of her brain is exposed to a strong magnetic field. Marisol is undergoing:

A) optogenetic therapy.
B) transcranial magnetic stimulation.
C) positron emission tomography.
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Question 54

It ispossible to view individual circuits of neurons due to the emerging field of:

A) optogenetics.
B) synaptic reflectance.
C) neurogenetics.
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Question 55

The part of the brain extending from the medulla through the pons and made up of groups of nerve cells that can immediately activate other parts of the brain to produce general bodily arousal is known as the ________.

A) reticular formation
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) limbic system

Question 56

The part of the brain closest to the spinal cord is the ________, and it controls critical body functions, such as ________.

A) cerebellum; maintaining body temperature
B) cerebellum; heart rate and respiration
C) medulla; maintaining body temperature
D) medulla; heart rate and respiration

Question 57

Your friend is considering using steroids to increase muscle mass. You would warn him that steroid abuse can lead to:

A) violent, dangerous behavior.
B) obesity.
C) autism.
D) Type II diabetes.

Question 58

Dr. Schilling is investigating the potential genetic basis of antisocial personality disorder by examining the relative prevalence of the disorder among either identical or fraternal twins, raised either together or in different families. Dr. Schilling is best described as a ________.

A) behavioral geneticist
B) classical geneticist
C) development geneticist
D) molecular geneticist

Question 59

Which brain-scanning technique below is correctly matched with its description?

A) EEG: records the brain's electrical activity through electrodes
B) PET: causes a momentary interruption of the brain's electrical activity
C) fMRI: traces biochemical activity in the brain
D) TMS: produces a graph of electrical wave patterns

Question 60

Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. In this scenario, Yves' ________ is most likely to be functioning poorly.

A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) corpus callosum
D) reticular formation

Question 61

The ________ is referred to as the new brain.

A) hindbrain
B) limbic system
C) cerebral cortex
D) central core

Question 62

The structures of the ________ jointly control a variety of basic functions relating to emotions and self-preservation, such as eating, aggression, and reproduction.

A) central core of the brain
B) endocrine system
C) limbic system
D) cerebral cortex

Question 63

The process by which the brain continually reorganizes itself throughout the life spanis termed:

A) neuroformation.
B) neuroplasticity.
C) neuroadaptation.
D) neuromutability.

Question 64

The limbic system contains which of the following structures?

A) Amygdala
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Corpus callosum

Question 65

Our motivation or drive for things such as pizza, beer, and sex is associated with the activity in the region of the brain known as the:

A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) amygdala.

Question 66

Mrs. Simon has learned to lessen the pain associated with her migraines by voluntarily relaxing specific muscles and reducing her blood pressure.This example illustrates:

A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) biofeedback.
C) split-brain control.
D) transcranial stimulation.

Question 67

Kate has suffered damage to the right side of her brain. Which of the following processes is leastlikely to be affected?

A) Achieving fengshui in her living room by rearranging the couch and the TV
B) Balancing her checkbook
C) Reading that look on her boyfriend's face
D) Thinking that a new song on the radio is really catchy

Question 68

The visual area in the cortex is located in the ________.

A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) parietal lobe

Question 69

The ________ area is the site in the brain of the tissue that corresponds to each of the senses, with the degree of sensitivity related to the amount of the tissue allocated to that site.

A) attribution
B) sensory
C) motor
D) association

Question 70

The somatosensory area is to the auditory area what the ________ lobe is to the ________ lobe.

A) temporal; parietal
B) parietal; occipital
C) occipital; parietal
D) parietal; temporal

Question 71

People whose corpus callosum has been surgically cut to stop seizures are called ________.

A) deep-brain patients
B) dual brain patients
C) split-brain patients
D) bicameral patients

Question 72

Which of the following statements is most accurate in the context of lateralization of language?

A) Language processingis most likely to occur in the left side of the brain.
B) Language processing is most likely to occur in the right side of the brain.
C) The control of language is shared equally between the hemispheres.
D) The lateralization of language varies dramatically from one person to another.

Question 73

The ________ in the brain contributes to the body's maintenance of a steady internal environment called ________.

A) thalamus; homeostasis
B) hypothalamus; homeostasis
C) hippocampus; equilibrium
D) thalamus; equilibrium

Question 74

Trevor is desperately trying to solve a verbal analogy as part of a standardized entrance examination.On the other hand, Sienna is giving an oral presentation in a political science class. Of the brain's hemispheres, Trevor's ________ hemisphere is most active, and Sienna's ________ hemisphere is most active.

A) right; right
B) left; left
C) right; left
D) left; right

Question 75

Ramona is a woman. Stefan is a man. Which of the following statements is true regarding the potential differences in the corpus callosum between these two individuals?

A) Stefan's corpus callosum is probably the same size as Ramona's.
B) Ramona's corpus callosum is larger than Stefan's.
C) Ramona's corpus callosum is slightly smaller than Stefan's.
D) Stefan's corpus callosum is much larger than Ramona's.

Question 76

Neurogenesis is especially evident in brain areas related to learning and memory. Based on this statement, you might expect neurogenesis to be particularly prevalent in the brain's:

A) thalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 77

The ________ areas are considered to be the site of higher mental processes, such as thinking, language, memory, and speech.

A) sensory
B) attribution
C) motor
D) association

Question 78

In the context of the cerebral cortex of the brain, the motor area is located in the ________ lobes.

A) occipital
B) frontal
C) parietal
D) temporal

Question 79

________ is the creation of new neurons.

A) Neurogenesis
B) Neuroadaptation
C) Neuromutability
D) Neuropathy

Question 80

In a neuro physiological investigation, a monkey makes an involuntary gesture when a portion of its brain is electrically stimulated. The area of the brain that was most likely stimulated is the:

A) parietal lobe.
B) frontal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) occipital lobe.