Deck 7: Off to School

Question 1

What physical change is most evident in terms of growth development in middle childhood?

A) arms grow longer
B) overall muscle growth
C) onset of acne
D) feet grow bigger

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Though Mabel is unable to think in abstract terms, she is beginning to understand that because 3 + 5 = 8, 5 + 3 must also equal 8. According to Piaget, which stage of thinking is Mabel starting to exhibit

A) the sensorimotor stage
B) the concrete-operational stage
C) the preoperational stage
D) the formal-operational stage

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Larry notices that his son Tate is having a great time playing near the kitchen sink. When Larry asks Tate what he is doing, Tate responds, "It is fun to look at two different size glasses, imagine water pouring back and forth between them, while knowing that the amount of water stays the same even though the glass shapes differ." What do Tate's actions indicate that he has acquired?

A) animism
B) egocentrism
C) irreversibility
D) a mental operation

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following components is more predominant in a girl's body than in a boy's body during middle childhood?

A) water
B) fat
C) muscle
D) bone

Question 5

According to your text, how many hours of sleep would Kikki, a vibrant and active 6-year-old, typically require?

A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10

Question 6

At what approximate age does a child enter the concrete-operational stage of thinking?

A) 7 years of age
B) 8 years of age
C) 9 years of age
D) 10 years of age

Question 7

At what age do most boys enter puberty?

A) 5-6 years
B) 7-8 years
C) 9-10 years
D) 11-12 years

Question 8

Dee used to think that everyone else liked the same people she did and hated the same people she did. She now realizes that different people have different opinions toward others. What would Piaget suggest that Dee has recently become?

A) a preoperational thinker
B) a formal-operational thinker
C) a concrete-operational thinker
D) a sensorimotor thinker

Question 9

What is working memory?

A) temporary and limited in capacity
B) permanent and limited in capacity
C) temporary and unlimited in capacity
D) permanent and unlimited in capacity

Question 10

Which of the following reflects a basic ability available only to a concrete-operational thinker?

A) "Realistically speaking..."
B) "Hypothetically speaking..."
C) "Speaking from experience, I..."
D) "Speaking on behalf of others, I..."

Question 11

Sherri has been eating a great deal, and she has been outgrowing most of her clothes. At what age do most girls like Sherri experience a middle childhood growth spurt?

A) 8 years
B) 9 years
C) 10 years
D) 11 years

Question 12

Samantha is a typical 10-year-old girl. How many calories does she require in her daily diet for both growth and energy?

A) 1200 to 1600 calories
B) 1500 to 1700 calories
C) 1600 to 2000 calories
D) 1700 to 2300 calories

Question 13

Zoe's parents are concerned about her nutritional health. They believe that she is consuming too many "empty" calories' worth of food. Which of the following is an example of "empty" calories?

A) a diet soda and a bag of potato chips
B) an apple with peanut butter
C) a bag of pretzels and a 100% juice box
D) a frozen yogurt bar

Question 14

Who would be most likely to emphasize the important role that changes in memory efficiency plays in cognitive development?

A) Louie, who is a social learning theorist
B) Elaine, who is a sociobiologist
C) Alex, who is Piagetian
D) Leonard, who is an information processing theorist

Question 15

According to Piaget, what is responsible for a concrete-operational child's ability to reverse thought?

A) the child's acquisition of language
B) the child's acquisition of mental operations
C) the child's acquisition of self-efficacy
D) the child's acquisition of convergent thinking

Question 16

According to Piaget, at approximately what age does the skill of thinking abstractly and hypothetically begin?

A) 7 years
B) 11 years
C) 16 years
D) 19 years

Question 17

Who is most likely the formal-operational thinker?

A) Kari, who thinks nickels are worth more than dimes because they are bigger
B) Fran, who has just mastered conservation
C) Leanne, who is capable of using and understanding symbols
D) Sherri, who understands abstract reasoning

Question 18

Which of the following tasks uses a child's fine motor skills?

A) mixing cookie dough
B) running a race
C) handwriting
D) doing push-ups

Question 19

A concrete-operational thinker and a formal-operational thinker are given the following logical statements:1. If you drop a 20-kilogram bowling ball on your foot, it will tickle. 2. You drop a 20-kilogram bowling ball on your foot. What reaction would you expect?

A) Only the concrete operational thinker might conclude that "your foot would tickle."
B) Only the formal operational thinker might conclude that "your foot would tickle."
C) Both would conclude that "your foot would tickle."
D) Both would conclude that your foot would never tickle after having a 20-kilogram bowling ball dropped on it.

Question 20

Kerry's mom just instructed him to go to the corner store to pick up a loaf of bread, a dozen eggs, and 2 litres of milk. In which part of Kerry's brain is this information now stored?

A) his cerebral cortex
B) his working memory
C) his hippocampus
D) his long-term memory

Question 21

What is Sternberg's view of intelligence called?

A) the rational-emotive theory
B) the theory of successful intelligence
C) the theory of genetic intelligence
D) the deductive theory

Question 22

Charlie has to write a summary of the novel he's been reading in his senior English literature class. What type of memory strategy is Charlie's teacher using with this assignment?

A) elaboration
B) metacognition
C) memorization
D) organization

Question 23

Which memory strategy do most children acquire first?

A) chunking
B) use of abstraction
C) verbal elaboration
D) rehearsal

Question 24

Norman is an intelligent man who enjoys researching issues such as the purpose of life and why humans die. What type of intelligence does Norman possess?

A) interpersonal
B) existential
C) spatial
D) naturalistic

Question 25

If you are reading this test question for the first time, where will the question be stored?

A) currently stored in sensory memory
B) currently stored in long-term memory
C) currently stored in working memory
D) not currently stored in any memory system

Question 26

After studying for a significant period of time, Maria is having her roommate test her to determine whether her study strategies are working. What is Maria doing?

A) bypassing working memory
B) using concrete-operational thinking
C) using abstraction
D) monitoring

Question 27

Which of the following is a positive characteristic of an individual who possesses emotional intelligence?

A) greater self-esteem
B) greater patience
C) greater empathy
D) greater compassion

Question 28

Sarah's geography teacher is testing her students on the names of the Canadian provinces and territories. In order to help Sarah succeed in remembering the names of all provinces and territories, she remembers them from the east coast to the west coast to the northern part of Canada. What method is Sarah using to remember all of the names?

A) highlighting them on a map
B) quizzing herself
C) organization
D) elaboration

Question 29

What type of intelligence involves an individual's ability to use one's own and others' feelings effectively for solving problems and living happily?

A) naturalistic intelligence
B) psycho-social intelligence
C) social-cognitive intelligence
D) emotional intelligence

Question 30

When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." What is Oscar most likely to be?

A) a classical-conditioning theorist
B) a Freudian
C) a psychometrician
D) a social-learning theorist

Question 31

Russell is learning a new memory strategy which uses embellishment of information to help him to remember. Which of the following terms describes this memory strategy?

A) rehearsal
B) organization
C) elaboration
D) chunking

Question 32

Five-year-old Bud and thirteen-year-old Linnie are both taught a new memory strategy. They are then given a task on which the strategy proves effective. The next day, the children are given a memory task similar to the one given on the previous day. What should you expect to happen?

A) Neither Bud nor Linnie will use the memory strategy learned on the previous day.
B) Bud will use the memory strategy learned on the previous day while Linnie may not.
C) Linnie will use the memory strategy learned on the previous day while Bud may not.
D) Both Bud and Linnie will use the memory strategy learned on the previous day.

Question 33

What do all psychometricians focus on?

A) testing
B) physiology
C) social development
D) psychopathology

Question 34

In most models of intelligence (e.g., Carroll, 1993), what does "g" stand for?

A) general intelligence
B) genotype
C) gender intelligence
D) group polarization

Question 35

Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, what kind of intelligence is Tyree high in?

A) intrapersonal intelligence
B) body-kinesthetic intelligence
C) logical-mathematical intelligence
D) interpersonal intelligence

Question 36

Which is the most effective sequence of selecting an effective memory/learning strategy?

A) monitor strategy, select strategy, determine goal, use strategy
B) determine goal, select strategy, use strategy, monitor strategy
C) select strategy, monitor strategy, use strategy, determine goal
D) use strategy, determine goal, monitor strategy, select strategy

Question 37

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. Which of the following was one of these abilities?

A) musical ability
B) perceptual speed
C) interpersonal intelligence
D) "street smarts"

Question 38

Who is most associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences" (i.e., existential intelligence, naturalistic intelligence)?

A) John Carroll
B) Alfred Binet
C) Howard Gardner
D) Jean Piaget

Question 39

Which of the following most accurately describes long-term memory?

A) temporary and limited capacity
B) permanent and limited capacity
C) temporary and unlimited capacity
D) permanent and unlimited capacity

Question 40

When 80-year-old Marques is asked about his life, he is able to vividly recall his high school graduation party that occurred over 60 years ago. Where was this information stored just before it was recalled by Marques?

A) in his sensory memory
B) in his working memory
C) in his short-term memory
D) in his long-term memory

Question 41

Nancy has a mental age of 10. What does that mean?

A) Nancy is 10 years old.
B) Nancy has an IQ of 100.
C) Nancy is an individual who has been capable of intelligent thought for 10 years.
D) Nancy passed problems that an average 10-year-old would pass.

Question 42

When Kwadzo realized that her bicycle was broken and that she would be late for work unless she asked a neighbour for a ride, she called her friend, who came and took Kwadzo to work. Which ability outlined in Sternberg's theory does this situation illustrate?

A) intrapersonal ability
B) analytic ability
C) creative ability
D) experiential ability

Question 43

When Binet and Simon originally developed the concept of "mental age," what was it intended to help them distinguish?

A) high-IQ individuals from low-IQ individuals
B) "dull" from "bright" children
C) Caucasian people from black people
D) poor children from rich children

Question 44

Which statement concerning ethnicity and intelligence is currently being closely examined?

A) The recent discovery of a "smart gene" has led most to believe that intelligence has a strong genetic component.
B) Even if ethnic groups differ significantly in intelligence, that difference could be due to environmental factors.
C) Being economically disadvantaged is related to ethnicity but not to intelligence.
D) If intelligence differences within an ethnic group are due to genetics, then intelligence differences between the group and other ethnic groups must be due to genetics.

Question 45

The Aboriginal Head Start (AHS) program is offered to a limited number of Canadian First Nations, Inuit and Métis children. What is this program intended to do?

A) to ensure infant nutritional needs are being met
B) to provide parenting support to First Nations families
C) to teach the qualities necessary to succeed in school
D) to facilitate early identification of learning disabilities

Question 46

In Canada, what is one of the most commonly used tests of intelligence?

A) The Canadian Test of Basic Skills
B) The Stanford-Binet Test
C) The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV
D) The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

Question 47

Pete has a high IQ and he has a very high-paying, prestigious job. Which of the following occupations does Pete likely have?

A) actor
B) policeman
C) lawyer
D) professor

Question 48

Which evidence best demonstrates an environmental impact on intelligence?

A) a high correlation between the IQ scores of identical twins
B) a low correlation between the IQ scores of strangers
C) the rapid increase in average WISC scores seen during the past 25 years
D) the stability of WISC scores seen during the past 25 years

Question 49

According to experts, what is the most important predictor of an individual's success?

A) wealth
B) experience
C) IQ
D) opportunity

Question 50

Which data suggests the strongest link between heredity and intelligence?

A) identical twins whose IQ scores correlate at the +0.9 level
B) fraternal twins whose IQ scores correlate at the +0.9 level
C) biological siblings whose IQ scores correlate at the +0.9 level
D) adoptive siblings whose IQ scores correlate at the +0.9 level

Question 51

Whose intelligence test was the first to use the concept of an intelligence quotient?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Howard Gardner
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lewis Terman

Question 52

Which of the following factors accounts for the variance in IQ scores?

A) gender
B) heredity
C) age
D) ethnicity

Question 53

Sternberg's theory of intelligence includes three kinds of abilities. What are they?

A) analytic, social, and practical abilities
B) creative, emotional, and practical abilities
C) analytic, creative, and practical abilities
D) psychological, biological, and social abilities

Question 54

What is the basic premise of a hereditary view concerning the nature of intelligence?

A) The more closely related two individuals are, the more positively correlated their IQ scores will be.
B) The correlation between biological siblings' IQ scores will be about 0.0.
C) Parents' IQ scores are not very predictive of their children's IQ scores.
D) Experience plays a major role in determining a person's IQ score.

Question 55

What is the purpose of a cultural-fair intelligence test?

A) to examine linguistic knowledge
B) to ensure that individuals of all races will receive similar scores
C) to reduce biases due to differential experience
D) to test students regarding culture and ethnicity in current society

Question 56

The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is being used as an early intervention intelligence program for what grade of Canadian school students?

A) pre-school
B) kindergarten
C) grade 1
D) grade 2

Question 57

Julie's intelligence quotient is 100. Since she is 12 years old, what must her mental age be?

A) 6
B) 10
C) 12
D) 24

Question 58

If the following people all have a mental age of 10, who has the highest IQ?

A) Nate, who is 5 years old
B) Will, who is 10 years old
C) Kevin, who is 20 years old
D) Carla, who is 25 years old

Question 59

Researchers have correlated the IQ scores of adopted children with those of their biological parents and their adoptive parents. Between which groups is the highest correlation is found?

A) between infants and their biological parents
B) between infants and their adoptive parents
C) between teenagers and their biological parents
D) between teenagers and their adoptive parents

Question 60

Why did Binet and Simon develop the first objective intelligence test?

A) in order to rank order the intellectual capacities of different races
B) in order to identify children who would need special help in school
C) in order to help the military select soldiers for important tasks
D) in order to test their theory of intelligence

Question 61

By definition, intellectual impairment involves below-average intelligence and another element. What is the other element?

A) low standardized IQ scores
B) linguistic dysfunctions
C) poor adaptive behaviours
D) emotional problems

Question 62

What current percentage of school-aged children are diagnosed with ADHD?

A) 1-3 %
B) 3-5 %
C) 5-7%
D) 7-9%

Question 63

Hulme and Snowling (2009) conducted a study in which they attempted to identify the best method for training children with reading disabilities. What did they conclude?

A) No techniques led to improved reading.
B) Only techniques focusing on articulatory awareness were effective.
C) Only techniques focusing on sound manipulation were effective.
D) Techniques focusing on phonological awareness were effective.

Question 64

Dr. Jordan is devising an intelligence test containing items that relate to experiences common to all people around the world. What type of test is Dr. Jordan most likely attempting to develop?

A) a test of multiple intelligences
B) an intelligence quotient test
C) a spatial intelligence test
D) a culture-fair intelligence test

Question 65

Ten-year-old Ziggy is best described as "mildly" intellectually impaired, as his level of intellect is just below the "normal" range. In addition, his impairment appears not to be due to any biological damage. Given this description, how would Ziggy best be categorized?

A) as having organic intellectual impairment
B) as learning disabled
C) as having familial intellectual impairment
D) as a savant

Question 66

Which question is best answered through convergent thinking?

A) "What is life?"
B) "How is knowledge of developmental psychology useful?"
C) "Who is the best football player of all time?"
D) "What is 5 + 5?"

Question 67

Which of the following does the definition of a "learning disability" always include?

A) mild intellectual impairment
B) attention deficit
C) sensory problem
D) normal intelligence

Question 68

Chef Fintan has invited four aspiring chefs to his kitchen for a "chicken cook-off" contest. He allows the students to use any ingredients in his pantry, fridge or freezer. What characteristic is Fintan attempting to see in his aspiring chefs?

A) convergent thinking
B) concrete operational thinking
C) preoperational thinking
D) divergent thinking

Question 69

What advice would you give to teachers trying to encourage creativity in their students?

A) "Emphasize rote memorization."
B) "Provide them with items from standardized IQ tests and help them work through each problem."
C) "Encourage them to explore possibilities and not worry about getting the correct answer."
D) "Since it appears to be innate, there is not a lot you can do."

Question 70

Zachary is a child with outstanding divergent-thinking skills. Which of the following would he definitely have a lot of?

A) anxiety
B) originality
C) knowledge
D) friends

Question 71

Who would most likely do the best job of playing a game in which the goal was to list as many novel ways to use a banana as possible?

A) Terry, who is a very good divergent thinker
B) Jenny, who is a very good convergent thinker
C) Tanya, who is a preoperational thinker
D) Kaj, who is a concrete operational thinker

Question 72

Which of the following phrases would best complete the analogy, "Intelligence is to creativity as"?

A) convergent is to divergent
B) componential is to contextual
C) spatial intelligence is to musical intelligence
D) universe is to stars

Question 73

Ian has a problem. Though he is of normal intelligence and does well in most classes, he struggles tremendously in math. What does Ian most likely have?

A) intellectual impairment
B) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) a learning disability
D) Down syndrome

Question 74

In recent years, what has happened to the definition of "gifted?"

A) It has broadened to include all IQ tests.
B) It has broadened to include areas like dance and music.
C) It has narrowed to include only those in the top 5% of their graduating class.
D) It has narrowed to include only scores from the Stanford-Binet test.

Question 75

Penny is a very intelligent child in math and sciences; however, she struggles in her art and music classes, especially when she must undergo an exam. She is afraid of doing poorly in these classes, and makes herself sick with worry about it. What is the term used to describe a person who struggles in one type of intelligence test yet succeeds in another?

A) a stereotype threat
B) a negative grade result
C) a poor performance stereotype
D) a reduced performance stereotype

Question 76

Jordy is a high school student who dreads his English class. He struggles with reading individual words and hopes that his teacher does not call upon him to read aloud in class. From what condition does Jordy suffer?

A) ADHD
B) developmental dyslexia
C) word recognition dyslexia
D) impaired reading comprehension

Question 77

Approximately what percentage of Canadians have a learning disability?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 78

As a "gifted" child, how does Alicia most likely differ from her peers?

A) She is likely more socially inept.
B) She is likely physically larger.
C) She likely has fewer emotional problems.
D) She is likely less mature.

Question 79

Which of the following is an important factor in the diagnosis of ADHD?

A) ethnicity
B) heredity
C) age
D) being a fraternal twin

Question 80

If asked to list key symptoms for ADHD, which of the following should you avoid saying?

A) inarticulation
B) overactivity
C) inattention
D) impulsivity