Deck 8: Consumer Culture

Question 1

Cultural sanction refers to the penalties associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent behaviour.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving in Canada is an example of a tradition.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Uncertainty avoidance is the extent to which a culture is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Women's traits tend to vary more from nation to nation than do those of men.

Question 5

Environmental factors are the physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place.

Question 6

Role expectations for a given role, such as a student or service provider, appear to be universal across cultures.

Question 7

Core societal values (CSV) represent a commonly agreed upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living within a society.

Question 8

Rules that specify the appropriate behaviour in a given situation within a specific culture are called cultural standards.

Question 9

Guanxi is the Chinese term for a way of doing business in which parties must first invest time and resources in getting to know one another and becoming comfortable with one another before consummating any important deal.

Question 10

Responsibility as a CSV means the extent to which people are expected to take care of themselves and their immediate family.

Question 11

Long-term orientation reflects values consistent with Aristotle's philosophy and a prioritization of future reward over short-term benefits.

Question 12

Role expectations are the specific expectations that are associated with each type of person.

Question 13

Power distance is the extent to which authority and privilege are divided among different groups within society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the people within the society.

Question 14

Low-power-distance nations tend to be less egalitarian.

Question 15

Highly collective societies tend to live in extended families and be very loyal to groups from which they take their identity.

Question 16

The masculinity CSV dimension captures distinctions existing in societies based on mannerisms typically associated with male assertiveness and control.

Question 17

The primary function of culture is to facilitate communication among members of that culture.

Question 18

Consumer culture is commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying.

Question 19

Generally, Western societies tend to be more collectivistic, whereas Eastern nations tend to be more individualistic.

Question 20

Dostat is a phenomenon associated with long-term orientation and is the idea that when someone does a good deed for you, you are expected to return that good deed.

Question 21

Cultural distance represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs.

Question 22

Modelling is a form of observational learning.

Question 23

Culture is a learned process.

Question 24

Socialization involves learning through observation and the active processing of information about lived, everyday experience.

Question 25

Ethnocentrism is highly related to the concept of uncertainty avoidance.

Question 26

CANZUS is an acronym that refers to the close similarity in values between Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.

Question 27

Countries with relatively high CD scores are more similar and thus tend to value the same types of consumption experiences.

Question 28

Ethnic grounding is the degree to which consumers feel a sense of belonging to the culture of their ethnic origins.

Question 29

Children generally become acculturated more quickly than adults.

Question 30

Shaping is a socialization process by which consumers' behaviours slowly adapt to a culture through a series of rewards and sanctions.

Question 31

The quartet of institutions that are responsible for communicating the CSV through both formal and informal processes from one generation to another is made up of family, school, church, and media.

Question 32

Translational parity exists when two phrases share the same precise meaning in two different cultures.

Question 33

Numerical equivalence refers to the state in which consumers are shown to use numbers to represent quantities the same way across cultures.

Question 34

BRIC is an acronym that refers to the collective economies of Britain, Russia, India, and Canada.

Question 35

Reflection is a process of imitating others' behaviour.

Question 36

Verbal communication refers to the transfer of information through either the literal spoken or written word.

Question 37

Dialects are variations of a common language.

Question 38

Assimilation is the process by which consumers come to learn a culture other than their natural, native culture.

Question 39

National imperialism is the belief among consumers that their ethnic group is superior to others and that the products that come from their native land are superior to other products.

Question 40

Enculturation represents the way a person learns his or her native culture.

Question 41

Canadians typically place a high value on time and timeliness.

Question 42

Which term refers to penalties associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent behaviour?

A) cultural sanctions
B) cultural punishments
C) cultural sentences
D) cultural penance

Question 43

Body language refers to the nonverbal communication cues signalled by somatic (controllable biological) responses.

Question 44

Which term refers to specific expectations that are associated with each type of person?

A) role expectations
B) cultural norms
C) gender roles
D) traditional roles

Question 45

Which term refers to rules that specify the appropriate behaviour in a given situation within a specific culture?

A) cultural sanctions
B) cultural beliefs
C) cultural requirements
D) cultural norms

Question 46

Which of the following can be thought of as commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying?

A) consumer norms
B) consumer behaviour
C) consumer culture
D) consumer values

Question 47

In most cultures, individuals committing crimes are punished in some way. What are these punishments examples of?

A) cultural norms
B) cultural roles
C) cultural sanctions
D) cultural chastising

Question 48

As the emerging economies of the world advance, so too will the cost of doing business in those countries.

Question 49

The term Chindia refers to the combined market and business potential of China and India.

Question 50

Etiquette represents the customary mannerisms consumers use in common social situations.

Question 51

Just over five billion consumers live in India.

Question 52

The consumer price index (CPI) gives an idea of the total size of the consumer market in each country in terms of total buying power.

Question 53

What type of factors would influence the hygiene habits of individuals living in a desert compared to those living where water is more plentiful?

A) environmental
B) ecological
C) physical
D) external

Question 54

The people of Canada trust that the Prime Minister will act with diplomatic strength. What does this specific assumption represent for the prime minister?

A) role expectation
B) traditional role
C) international stature
D) political role

Question 55

What are the physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place?

A) terrestrial factors
B) environmental factors
C) external factors
D) ecological factors

Question 56

Nonverbal communication is information passed through some nonverbal act.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by culture?

A) giving meaning to objects
B) giving meaning to activities
C) lowering trade barriers between countries
D) facilitating communication

Question 58

The symbolic meaning of objects affects gift giving from culture to culture.

Question 59

An Asian consumer who responds to a sales appeal with "yes" is definitely indicating agreement and readiness to purchase.

Question 60

In Canada it is expected that people attending a funeral wear dark colours, but in Japan they are expected to wear white. Which term refers to these expectations regarding the appropriate behaviour in a given situation?

A) cultural taboos
B) cultural norms
C) cultural standards
D) cultural roles

Question 61

Wei and her family live in Beijing, and a friend of her parents helped get her son into a prestigious school. These friends now expect renquing from Wei. What is Wei expected to do?

A) Pay these people a lump sum of money.
B) Pay these people money during the time her son attends the school.
C) Return the good deed sometime in the future.
D) Give these people periodic reports of her son's progress in school.

Question 62

The acronym BRIC refers to the collective economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and one other country. What is the country?

A) Canada
B) Chile
C) China
D) Colombia

Question 63

The 2011 Chinese New Year was the year of the rabbit. So, many Chinese consumers purchased bunnies as pets, thinking they would bring luck and prosperity to them. Which CSV dimension do cultures in which superstitions and myths play a big role tend to be high in?

A) femininity
B) power distance
C) short-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance

Question 64

Canada is a country where people place a high value on self-reliance, individual initiative, and personal achievement. Which core societal value best describes Canada?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) isolationism
D) personalism

Question 65

Which term reflects the values consistent with Confucian philosophy and a prioritization of future rewards over short-term benefits?

A) collectivism
B) power distance
C) power longevity
D) long-term orientation

Question 66

Which term refers to customs and accepted ways of structuring society?

A) sanctions
B) traditions
C) cognitive behaviours
D) utilitarian values

Question 67

Theo is looking at how different one nation can be from another in terms of their CSVs. He has learned that Canada is very similar to Australia and the United Kingdom. What concept provides the basis for the approach Theo is using?

A) cultural distance
B) social distance
C) geographic distance
D) cultural differentiation

Question 68

Which phenomenon associated with long-term orientation is the idea that when someone does a good deed for you, you are expected to return that good deed?

A) reciprocity
B) renquing
C) guanxi
D) tai chi

Question 69

Which term represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs?

A) cultural distance
B) dissociation score
C) cultural disparity measure
D) power distance

Question 70

Mitch is a sales representative for Caterpillar, the world's largest manufacturer of heavy equipment. He is moving to China because of the rapid expansion in that country and the opportunity it offers Caterpillar. He is undergoing extensive training, however, because business is conducted differently in China compared to Canada. For example, Mitch is learning that business people in China expect a salesperson to develop a relationship with them before they ever discuss business. What is the term for this practice?

A) renquing
B) hungchoi
C) guanxi
D) chow shi

Question 71

Which CSV would a country that is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown be high in?

A) femininity
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) short-term orientation

Question 72

Which term refers to a commonly agreed upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living within a society?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) core societal values
D) pluralism

Question 73

Which term refers to the extent to which authority and privileges are divided among different groups within a society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the people within the society?

A) masculinity
B) individuality
C) collectivism
D) power distance

Question 74

Jamal lives with his two brothers, their wives and children, and his parents. In his country, each family is expected to take care of other family members. Which term best describes Jamal's culture?

A) pluralism
B) collectivism
C) interdependence
D) self-reliance

Question 75

Which term refers to the extent to which an individual's life is intertwined with a large cohesive group?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) pluralism
D) interactionism

Question 76

Which CSV dimension captures the idea that some societies are based on traits such as assertiveness and control?

A) collectivism
B) masculinity
C) femininity
D) power distance

Question 77

Which of the following is the Chinese term for a way of doing business in which parties must first invest time and resources in getting to know one another and becoming comfortable with one another before consummating any important deal?

A) guanxi
B) dostat
C) hungchoi
D) chow shi

Question 78

In most Christian cultures, consumers exchange gifts at Christmas. What is this an example of?

A) ecological factors
B) traditions
C) core societal values
D) cultural sanctions

Question 79

In which type of nations must those with less status show deference to those with greater status?

A) low uncertainty avoidance
B) high uncertainty avoidance
C) low-power-distance
D) high-power-distance

Question 80

In some countries, such as South Korea, it is very important for men to know the age of other men because age is associated with higher status and power. So it is not unusual for one man to ask another his age if it is not readily obvious who is older so that proper deference can be shown to the older of the two. Based on this information, which type of culture would South Korea be an example of?

A) high individualistic culture
B) high-power-distance culture
C) high uncertainty avoidance culture
D) high short-term orientation culture