Question 1

For the craniopagus Iranian, female adult twins, what were their chances of having a good quality of life after the separation surgery as independent adults?&#10;A) Very high&#10;B) High&#10;C) Average&#10;D) Low&#10;E) Very low

Accepted Answer

The craniopagus Iranian twins, Ladan and Laleh Bijani, faced very low chances of having a good quality of life after their separation surgery due to the high risks involved in separating adults joined at the head. Their surgery in 2003 was extremely complex and dangerous, ultimately leading to both of their deaths, highlighting the low likelihood of a successful outcome.

Question 2

Which of the people below is a critic of the modern surgical trend to separate all conjoined twins?&#10;A) Ben Carson&#10;B) Leonard Bailey&#10;C) Laura Campo&#10;D) Alice Dregger&#10;E) Paul Teraski

Accepted Answer

Alice Dregger is a critic of the modern surgical trend to separate all conjoined twins.

Question 3

The great bias in pediatric surgery regarding conjoined twins is that:&#10;A) surgeons rarely make mistakes.&#10;B) it is always better to live life as a singleton than as a conjoined person.&#10;C) sanctity of life outweighs quality of life.&#10;D) it is a slippery slope to make judgments about quality of life.&#10;E) it is &#34;Playing God&#34; to separate what Nature has joined.

Accepted Answer

it is always better to live life as a singleton than as a conjoined person.

Question 4

Critics say xenografts had been tried before and failed. Surgeon Leonard Bailey replied that his operation was potentially therapeutic because:&#10;A) primate hearts had never been tried before.&#10;B) refinements in classifying antigens made better matches possible.&#10;C) the Norwood operation had never been tried before.&#10;D) neonatal intensive care units (NICU's) had been developed since the last time the operation had been tried.&#10;E) Miniature respirators and pediatric monitors had been recently developed and offered Baby Fae a new advantage.

Accepted Answer

Surgeon Leonard Bailey believed that the refinements in classifying antigens made better matches possible, making his operation potentially therapeutic. This suggests that prior attempts at xenografts may not have taken into account these important factors in matching donor and recipient.

Question 5

To say a baby is an &#34;organ donor&#34; is misleading because:&#10;A) there may be coercion forcing the donation.&#10;B) money may influence the donation.&#10;C) babies cannot agree to the organ transplant.&#10;D) the organ may not take and be wasted.&#10;E) the organ may not be suitable for transplantation.

Accepted Answer

Babies cannot legally give their consent to be an organ donor, therefore calling them "organ donors" is misleading.

Question 6

The Christian theologian Paul Ramsey argued that:&#10;A) Parents should be allowed to volunteer their children for research.&#10;B) Parents should never be allowed to volunteer their children for research.&#10;C) Parents should be allowed to volunteer their children for research, but only potentially therapeutic research.&#10;D) Parents should be allowed to volunteer their children for research, but only that involving minimal risk.&#10;E) Parents should be allowed to volunteer their children for research, but only if both parents consent, ruling out children of single parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Christian theologian Paul Ramsey argued that:&#10;A)...

Question 7

To say that Baby Fae's operation was research and not therapy implies that:&#10;A) there was a small chance of success.&#10;B) there was a good chance of success.&#10;C) there was little chance of success.&#10;D) there was little chance of adding to knowledge.&#10;E) there was little chance of adding to knowledge or of any success.

Accepted Answer

If the operation was considered research and not therapy, it suggests that the primary goal was not to cure or treat Baby Fae's condition, but rather to gain knowledge or understanding. Therefore, there was likely little chance of success in terms of improving Baby Fae's health outcome, but there may have been a greater chance of adding to collective knowledge in the medical community.

Question 8

When Leonard Bailey proceeded with the xenograft on Baby Fae, what key fact did he not tell the mother?&#10;A) A human baby's heart was also available.&#10;B) Once the baby's immune system became fully functional, the heart would probably be rejected.&#10;C) If he gave enough drugs to suppress the immune system, the child might contract a deadly infection, virus, or get cancer as an adolescent.&#10;D) All of the above.&#10;E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

Leonard Bailey did not disclose several critical pieces of information to Baby Fae's mother before proceeding with the xenograft. He did not mention that a human heart was available, the high likelihood of the heart being rejected once the baby's immune system matured, and the risks associated with immune suppression, such as deadly infections, viruses, or cancer.

Deck 13: Using One Baby for Another: Babies Fae, Gabriel, Theresa, and Conjoined