Deck 10: Medical Research on Vulnerable Human Subjects

Question 1

In the Tuskegee Study both the subjects in the control group and the men in the other group involved over the decades later received compensation because:

A) They were injured as much as the men in the other group.
B) They developed the same symptoms as men in the other group.
C) They were denied some medical care and some opportunities, like subjects in the other group.
D) They had better legal representation.
E) The judge didn't understand the difference between members of the control and non-control groups.

Answer 1

They were denied some medical care and some opportunities, like subjects in the other group.

Question 2

Anti-syphilis crusaders during World War I and World War II split over:

A) Whether syphilis was a real disease.
B) Whether syphilis was a sexually-transmitted disease.
C) Whether the enemy they were fighting was syphilis or sin.
D) Whether to attack prostitutes or attack customers of prostitutes.
E) Whether it was better to focus on the military forces or on civilians in preventing the spread of syphilis.

Answer 2

Whether the enemy they were fighting was syphilis or sin.

Question 3

Which of the following did NOT happen?

A) In 1997, President Clinton apologized on behalf of the federal government to living survivors of the Tuskegee Study.
B) In 1994, it was revealed that physicians and scientists working for agencies of the federal government had exposed many Americans to in non-therapeutic radiation experiments without the consent of the American subjects.
C) In the 1940's at the University of Rochester Hospital, physicians injected plutonium into some healthy patients, without their knowledge, to study what kind of physical damage would happen to people during a nuclear war.
D) In 1991, during Operation Desert Storm, military personnel were forced to take anti-biological-warfare and experimental vaccines.
E) Over the 40 years of the Tuskegee Study, many physicians publicly complained about it by writing letters to medical journals and tried to have it stopped.

Answer 3

Over the 40 years of the Tuskegee Study, many physicians publicly complained about it by writing letters to medical journals and tried to have it stopped.

Question 4

When the Tuskegee study started in 1929-1932, it is true that:

A) Poor African American men were given syphilis to study the natural history of this disease.
B) Penicillin was deliberately withheld from 399 poor African American men to study the natural course of syphilis.
C) Some African American men were paid to contract syphilis.
D) Informed consent was a standard of the time.
E) The goal of the charity that first identified the men with syphilis was to treat them.

Question 5

In the Jesse Gelsinger case, it is true that:

A) Jesse was quite sick when he entered the study and had no other realistic options for a cure.
B) Primary researcher James Wilson had no financial interest in the company making the experimental gene therapy for Jesse.
C) Primary researcher James Wilson denied that a desire to be the first researcher to successfully use gene therapy played any role in his decision to treat Jesse.
D) Penn medical ethicist Arthur Caplan claimed that chances were so slim for success in the Gelsinger case that any good results would be "a miracle and should be published in a religious journal."
E) The Gelsinger family never settled in any way with Penn or its lawyers.

Question 6

How did the Tuskegee Study begin?

A) African-American men in Macon County with secondary syphilis were identified.
B) Men with syphilis were identified at the Tuskegee Veterans Hospital and not given penicillin.
C) The Centers for Disease Control started the Study.
D) Subjects in the Study were injected with syphilis.
E) Babies with syphilis at birth were followed for life.

Question 7

What was the final result in the 076 regimen in Africa whose mission was to prevent vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child?

A) Before definitive results could be obtained, critics stopped the study.
B) Because patients where non-compliant, no definitive results were obtained.
C) After the small dosages of AZT were proven effective, the studies were stopped.
D) A new, long-term study was started, also with placebos, on pregnant American women to verify that small dosages of AZT prevented vertical transmission of HIV.
E) Funding for the study ran out and no definitive results were obtained.