Deck 22: Resources

Question 1

Most geologic resources are renewable.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Hydrothermal fluids are the most important source of metallic ore deposits.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Salt domes account for most of the petroleum reserves in the U.S. midcontinent.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Anticlines and domes create common oil traps.

Question 5

Aluminum ore is the product of direct chemical precipitation from seawater.

Question 6

Because natural gas is less denser than oil it accumulates on the top of the oil.

Question 7

When a drill hole first penetrates an oil reservoir the pent up gases may drive the petroleum to the surface.

Question 8

A resource is any geologic material that has yet to be discovered.

Question 9

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Question 10

Ores are naturally occurring materials that can be mined profitably.

Question 11

Most of the easily recoverable uranium in the United States is found in sandstone in New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado.

Question 12

Over 60% of the world's oil comes from exploitation of oil fields in the Middle East.

Question 13

Oil sands are actually asphalt-cemented sand or sandstone deposits.

Question 14

An oil field is a region underlain by one oil pool.

Question 15

Bituminous coal is the highest "grade" or "rank" of coal.

Question 16

The origin of petroleum is very similar to that of coal.

Question 17

The more carbon, the more combustible (economically desirable) the coal.

Question 18

Hydrocarbons must be heated to break down into simpler molecules useful to humans.

Question 19

In placer deposits, streams concentrate heavy mineral into ores.

Question 20

Coalbed methane is never going to be a significant source of natural gas.

Question 21

New oil is born where _____.

A) the Earth degases
B) there are continental swamps
C) active plate subduction takes place
D) dead organic matter is sealed in an oxygen-deprived burial
E) large animals, such as dinosaurs, once lived

Question 22

A barrel of oil contains ______ U.S. gallons.

A) 200
B) 12
C) 42
D) 22
E) 50

Question 23

The recoverable reserve for coal in the United States is _______.

A) unknown
B) 10 billion tons
C) 157 billion tons
D) 42 billion tons
E) 270 billion tons

Question 24

A ____ is the term used to describe the total amount of any given geologic material of potential economic interest, whether discovered or not.

A) ore deposit
B) resource
C) aggregate
D) reserve
E) reservoir

Question 25

Most geologic resources are ____, they form very slowly and are extracted much faster than nature replaces them.

A) nonmetallic
B) energy
C) irreplaceable
D) nonrenewable
E) hydrothermal

Question 26

In 1900 more than _____ percent of America's energy needs were satisfied by burning coal.

A) 90
B) 75
C) 50
D) 25
E) 10

Question 27

The petroleum window is the depth between ______ to ______ feet through which sapropel must pass to transform into oil.

A) 100; 1000
B) 7,500; 15,000
C) 100; 600
D) 10,000; 20,000
E) 500; 6000

Question 28

____ resources enable us to create the metals used in our world today.

A) Nonmetallic
B) Metallic
C) Nonrenewable
D) Energy
E) Petroleum

Question 29

There are two basic forms of energy categories, ____ energy is stored energy.

A) actual
B) kinetic
C) potential
D) nonrenewable
E) renewable

Question 30

Once oil is formed it must accumulate in concentrations that can be drilled and pumped, these concentrations are called ________.

A) traps
B) accumulations
C) concentrations
D) beds
E) reserves

Question 31

A _____ is the term used to describe the portion of a resource that has been discovered or inferred with some degree of certainty and can be extracted for a profit.

A) resource
B) reserve
C) renewable
D) ore
E) gangue

Question 32

At the current rate of consumption, United States recoverable coal reserves will be exhausted in ______ years.

A) 10
B) 90
C) 250
D) 350
E) 125

Question 33

______ is the initial stage in the development of coal.

A) Peat
B) Lignite
C) Sub-bituminous
D) Bituminous
E) Anthracite

Question 34

This type of geologic resource provides the power that drives the modern world.

A) metallic
B) geothermal
C) petroleum
D) energy
E) nonmetallic

Question 35

In terms of plate tectonics, future oil reservoirs form most easily in areas ____.

A) along mid oceanic ridges
B) over hot spots
C) along transform faults
D) where ocean basins are closing
E) of continental rifts

Question 36

Some geologic resources are ____, that is, they are replenished by natural processes fast enough that people can use them continuously.

A) nonmetallic
B) energetic
C) renewable
D) metallic
E) nonrenewable

Question 37

Petroleum, natural gas and propane are all considered _____ because they formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.

A) gaseous fuels
B) oil fuels
C) nonmetallic fuels
D) renewable fuels
E) fossil fuels

Question 38

A pound of ordinary bituminous coal typically contains ______ percent carbon.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 45 to 86
D) 90 to 95
E) 100

Question 39

Geological resources sustain life, and the most fundamental of these resources are _____.

A) gold and silver
B) soil and water
C) oil and gas
D) geothermal and hydrothermal
E) all are fundamental resources

Question 40

The _____ resources include building stones and road gravels.

A) nonmetallic
B) metallic
C) energy
D) nonrenewable
E) aggregate

Question 41

Counting tar sands, _______ has the second largest oil reserves in the world.

A) the United States
B) Brazil
C) Mexico
D) Canada
E) Nigeria

Question 42

_______ is an unusual mixture of ice and methane.

A) Pumice
B) Oil sand
C) Condensate
D) Distillate
E) Gas hydrate

Question 43

The two largest oil fields in the United States are in __________.

A) the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains
B) the Great Plains
C) coastal areas of the Gulf Coast
D) Texas and Alaska
E) Illinois and Iowa

Question 44

Evaporite deposits are important sources of ___.

A) iron and aluminum
B) gypsum and halite
C) copper and zinc
D) lead and tin
E) sand and sandstone

Question 45

The world's largest geothermal power plant is at ____.

A) Hot Springs, Arkansas
B) Handford, Washington
C) Yucca Mountain, Nevada
D) New Zealand
E) the Geysers in the Coast Range of northern California.

Question 46

The United States has enormous quantities of oil in __.

A) oil shale
B) gas hydrates
C) hydrothermal veins
D) tar sands
E) limestones

Question 47

The major iron ore minerals are _____.

A) pyrite and chalcopyrite
B) hematite and magnetite
C) galena and sphalerite
D) mica and quartz
E) calcite and dolomite

Question 48

Uranium is found in ________.

A) quartz and sphalerite
B) pitchblende and carnotite
C) migmatites
D) hematite and galena
E) rhyolite and gabbro

Question 49

The energy return on energy invested (EROEI) for newly discovered oil fields was typically around 100:1 in 1940s and it has currently decreased to ________

A) 8:1
B) 75:1
C) 50:1
D) 25:1
E) 15:1

Question 50

Although technically not coal, the first material to form in the coal cycle is ___.

A) anthracite
B) semi-anthracite
C) peat
D) lignite
E) "soft coal"

Question 51

The ore-forming process of ______ occurs as early-forming minerals settle to the bottom of a cooling magma.

A) crystal settling
B) hydrothermal solution
C) gravity deposition
D) mica and quartz
E) residue formation

Question 52

Pencil lead is made of _____.

A) gypsum
B) galena
C) coal
D) lead
E) graphite

Question 53

Most copper ores are ___.

A) oxides
B) pegmatites
C) placer deposits
D) sulfides
E) carbonates

Question 54

The United States has established a permanent nuclear waste repository ______.

A) at spreading ridges on the Atlantic seafloor
B) on the abyssal plains near offshore California
C) on the moon
D) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
E) in salt mines in Ohio

Question 55

Phosphate is produced from _____.

A) igneous rocks
B) hydrothermal deposits
C) phosphorites
D) evaporites
E) placer deposits

Question 56

Gas hydrate contains ____.

A) asphalt
B) natural gas
C) petroleum
D) gasoline
E) aviation fuel

Question 57

The ratio of the amount of energy extracted versus the amount of energy put into the extraction process of a resource can be initialized as ____.

A) EROEI
B) NOAA
C) CPI
D) USGS
E) ACC

Question 58

Economic deposits of petroleum require _____.

A) source rock
B) reservoir rock
C) trap
D) volcanic activity
E) source rock, reservoir rock, and trap

Question 59

Most hydrothermal ores are metallic __________.

A) carbonates
B) sulfates
C) native elements
D) sulfides
E) oxides

Question 60

Gold is found in ____.

A) weathered granites
B) pegmatites
C) placer deposits
D) gossan
E) limestones