Deck 19: Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

In the cardiac and vascular function curves shown below,the solid curves represent the control state: The shift in these curves,illustrated by the dashed lines,is best explained by:

A)Administration of positive inotropic agent.
B)Decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.
C)Infusion of isotonic saline.
D)Increase in peripheral vascular resistance.
E)Administration of a negative inotropic agent.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A well-trained athlete has prepared to run in the Boston marathon.Your purpose is to study how this athlete's cardiovascular system adapts to the strenuous demands of the race.Assume that just before the athlete runs,measurements of heart rate (60 beats/minute),blood pressure (110/80 mm Hg),and cardiac output (4.2 L/minute)are recorded. Estimate the athlete's stroke volume.

A)42 mL
B)55 mL
C)70 mL
D)82 mL
E)90 mL

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A well-trained athlete has prepared to run in the Boston marathon.Your purpose is to study how this athlete's cardiovascular system adapts to the strenuous demands of the race.Assume that just before the athlete runs,measurements of heart rate (60 beats/minute),blood pressure (110/80 mm Hg),and cardiac output (4.2 L/minute)are recorded. Assume that central venous pressure is 0 mm Hg,and calculate the athlete's peripheral resistance.

A)42.8 mm Hg/L/minute
B)32.1 mm Hg/L/minute
C)21.4 mm Hg/L/minute
D)10.7 mm Hg/L/minute
E)4.3 mm Hg/L/minute

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A 44-year-old woman experienced an acute episode of severe abdominal pain and suddenly vomited a large volume of bloody fluid.Her husband had her brought to the hospital by ambulance.The emergency room physician estimated the she had lost about 600 mL of blood.On physical examination,she had a blood pressure of 85/65 mm Hg and was tachycardic,with a heart rate of 110 beats/minute.The patient's skin was cool,moist,and pale.The physician's tentative diagnosis was of a bleeding ulcer. Administration of a drug that acts specifically to improve myocardial contractility would:

A)Decrease central venous pressure and increase cardiac output.
B)Decrease central venous pressure and decrease mean arterial pressure.
C)Increase central venous pressure and increase aortic pulse pressure.
D)Decrease central venous pressure and decrease cardiac output.
E)Increase central venous pressure and increase arterial compliance.

Question 5

A well-trained athlete has prepared to run in the Boston marathon.Your purpose is to study how this athlete's cardiovascular system adapts to the strenuous demands of the race.Assume that just before the athlete runs,measurements of heart rate (60 beats/minute),blood pressure (110/80 mm Hg),and cardiac output (4.2 L/minute)are recorded. What is this athlete's pulse pressure?

A)100 mm Hg
B)90 mm Hg
C)80 mm Hg
D)60 mm Hg
E)30 mm Hg

Question 6

In the cardiac and vascular function curves shown below,the solid curves represent the control state: The shift,illustrated by the dashed line,is explained by:

A)Administration of positive inotropic agent.
B)Hemorrhage.
C)Infusion of isotonic saline.
D)Increase in peripheral vascular resistance.
E)Administration of a negative inotropic agent.

Question 7

A 44-year-old woman experienced an acute episode of severe abdominal pain and suddenly vomited a large volume of bloody fluid.Her husband had her brought to the hospital by ambulance.The emergency room physician estimated the she had lost about 600 mL of blood.On physical examination,she had a blood pressure of 85/65 mm Hg and was tachycardic,with a heart rate of 110 beats/minute.The patient's skin was cool,moist,and pale.The physician's tentative diagnosis was of a bleeding ulcer. What would the acute blood loss from her duodenal ulcer be expected to do?

A)Decrease central venous pressure and increase cardiac output
B)Increase central venous pressure and decrease mean arterial pressure
C)Decrease central venous pressure and decrease cardiac output
D)Increase mean arterial pressure and decrease cardiac output
E)Decrease central venous pressure and increase aortic pulse pressure