Deck 6: Juvenile Delinquency

Question 1

Prevention and treatment programs that are designed to foster and maintain resilience in youth are also known as:

A) strength-based programs.
B) power-based programs.
C) selective programs.
D) individual-oriented programs.
E) resiliency-focused programs.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Poor interpersonal skills, conduct disorders, and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of _____offenders.

A) AL
B) ADHD
C) LCP
D) delinquent
E) status

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not a characteristic of successful intervention programs for serious juvenile offenders?

A) Follows developmental principles
B) Focuses on the juvenile's family
C) Begins early in the developmental trajectory of the child
D) Uses peer groups as models for change
E) Respects cultural backgrounds

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the following are characteristic of juveniles with the callous-unemotional trait cluster except:

A) targeted prevention.
B) universal treatment.
C) tertiary prevention.
D) selective prevention.
E) restrictive treatment.

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the five major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents?

A) Drug offenses
B) Unlawful acts against property
C) Sexual offenses
D) Status offenses
E) Offenses against the public order

Question 6

_____ prevention consists of working with children and adolescents who demonstrate some early signs of aggressive, antisocial, conduct disorder, or delinquent behavior but have not yet been formally classified as delinquent.

A) Primary
B) Multisystemic
C) Tertiary
D) Indicated
E) Secondary

Question 7

Most of the crime of the young is committed by:

A) AL offenders.
B) LCP offenders.
C) psychopaths.
D) gang members.
E) ADHD offenders.

Question 8

A program designed to prevent delinquent behavior before any signs of the behavioral pattern emerge is called:

A) secondary prevention.
B) early-onset prevention.
C) tertiary prevention.
D) selective prevention.
E) universal prevention.

Question 9

A boy who hits at age three, shoplifts at age ten, commits burglary at age 19 and rapes at 26 would be considered a(n):

A) life-course persistent offender.
B) ADHD offender.
C) adolescent-limited offender.
D) antisocial offender.
E) incorrigible delinquent.

Question 10

Which status offense has substantially increased in recent years?

A) Running away.
B) Incorrigibility.
C) Underage drinking.
D) Truancy.
E) Cocaine use.

Question 11

Which statement is untrue about gender differences in status offenses?

A) Girls are more likely than boys to be taken into custody for status offending.
B) Recent research suggests that gender differences in offending may be explained by innate biological factors.
C) Girls are more likely to run away from home because of victimization in the home.
D) Historically, girls and boys' socialization resulted in impacted gender differences.
E) All of the above are false.

Question 12

The age at which an individual is no longer considered a juvenile offender:

A) is 16.
B) varies from state to state.
C) is 17.
D) is 18.
E) ranges from 5 to 13.

Question 13

Psychological definitions of delinquency usually include:

A) conduct disorder and antisocial behavior.
B) habitual behavior and violent behavior.
C) cruelty to animals and fire setting.
D) status offenses and antisocial behavior.
E)antisocial personality disorder and habitual misbehavior.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A) The number of prevention, intervention, and treatment programs that have been tried with delinquents and children at risk over the past three decades is overwhelming.
B) Serious forms of antisocial behavior in school-aged children and adolescents have been particularly resistant to change.
C) To date, virtually no prevention programs have been highly successful in eliminating antisocial behavior and reducing delinquent behavior.
D) One-on-one psychotherapy that treats the juvenile without involving the social environment is generally ineffective.
E) Treatment strategies that develop resilience in children have the best chance of reducing juvenile offending.

Question 15

A child delinquent is between the ages of:

A) 7 and 12.
B) birth and 7.
C) 6 and 13.
D) birth and 14.
E) 3 and 13.

Question 16

The statute that allows the detention or supervision of a juvenile presumed to be in need of protection is called:

A) Status Protection
B) Brawner Rule
C) the Smith-Carlson Act
D) Incorrigibilty Rule
E) PINS

Question 17

According to Loeber et al. (2003), child delinquents _______ compared to adolescents who begin offending in their teens.

A) are two to three times more likely to become serious violent and chronic offenders
B) commit more serious offenses.
C) are twice as likely to have a diagnosed mental disorder.
D) are three times more likely to have an undiagnosed mental disorder.
E) commit less serious offenses.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a status offense?

A) Running away
B) Incorrigibility
C) Underage drinking
D) Truancy
E) Cocaine use

Question 19

Research suggests that serious juvenile offenders:

A) demonstrate poor social skills.
B) have relatively low recidivism rates.
C) have are highly motivated to change their behavior.
D) specialize in one offense throughout their delinquent careers.
E) are destined to become violent offenders in later years.

Question 20

Which statement is most accurate about juvenile crime?

A) Juvenile crime has generally decreased since the mid 1990s.
B) The juvenile crime rate has been steadily increasing since 1990.
C) Compared to adults, juveniles are responsible for disproportionately higher number of violent crimes.
D) Juveniles are more likely to be perpetrators rather than victims of violent crime.
E) The majority of juvenile offenders are arrested and convicted.

Question 21

A system of "shock incarceration," which is designed to be an intensively structured, short-term alternative to prison, is also known as:

A) wilderness programs.
B) boot camps.
C) adventure programs.
D) reform school.
E) ECT

Question 22

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on _____, whereas Moffit's Developmental Theory emphasizes _____.

A) parenting; characteristics of the child
B) violent offenses; status offenses
C) boys' delinquency; girls' delinquency
D) treatment; prevention
E) developmental trajectories; societal influences

Question 23

Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths. The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention. What were these four factors?

A) Positive family relations, self-esteem, creativity, and interpersonal skills
B) Positive peer relations, self-efficacy, creativity, and coherence
C) Positive family relations, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coherence
D) Positive peer relations, creativity, self-esteem, and academic skills
E) Positive peer relations, academic skills, positive family relations and self-esteem

Question 24

The traditional form of treatment where youths are incarcerated for extended periods of time and often until they reach adulthood is known as:

A) residential treatment.
B) the training school.
C) the rehabilitation center.
D) all the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 25

The adolescent-limited delinquent is most likely to be involved in offenses that symbolize adult privilege.

Question 26

Juveniles as a group are responsible for a small percentage of arrests compared with adults, although they are arrested disproportionately compared with other age groups.

Question 27

Briefly describe the three categories of prevention and give an example of each.

Question 28

There is good evidence that most serious, persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.

Question 29

_____ is the stage of development described in Moffitt's 2002 follow-up study in which young people flounder, choosing not to occupy traditional adult roles such as marriage or parenthood.

A) Advanced life-course persistent
B) Adolescent extension
C) Early onset persistent delinquent
D) Delayed maturity
E) Emerging adulthood

Question 30

The most frequent diagnosis for children who commit acts of violence against other children is antisocial personality disorder .

Question 31

In studies examining gender differences and juvenile crime, recent research has shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses is getting smaller.

Question 32

Define (1) legal delinquency, (2) social delinquency, and (3) psychological delinquency.

Question 33

Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as _____ intervention.

A) detention
B) restrictive
C) RNR
D) supplemental
E) tertiary

Question 34

Under federal law, juveniles may be prosecuted under the criminal law at age 15.

Question 35

Children with callous-unemotional traits lack empathic concern for others.

Question 36

Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.

Question 37

The Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.

Question 38

Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior. This treatment approach is called:

A) multisystemic therapy.
B) restrictive intervention.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) rehabilitative intervention.
E) a and c.

Question 39

A school curriculum designed to promote self-esteem, self-efficacy, and improved problem-solving skills in inner-city fourth-grade Black children through a culturally based curriculum is known as Project:

A) GAIN.
B) Culture.
C) Attainment.
D) SELF.
E) Green Light.

Question 40

We know far too little about girls' crime, the reasons it is committed, and the social and developmental factors that precipitate it.

Question 41

Discuss what we know about the differences (if any) between girls delinquency and boys delinquency. What does research show about the gender difference in status offenses.

Question 42

What are the pros and cons of removing status offenses from state juvenile courts?

Question 43

Explain the reasons why it is so difficult to gather complete data on the national incidence of juvenile delinquency.

Question 44

Compare and contrast Moffitt's Developmental Theory with Patterson's Coercion Theory.

Question 45

Describe the characteristics of Multisystemic therapy. Summarize the research findings about the program's success.

Question 46

What is the LIFT Project? Who was involved with this project? What type of prevention is this an example of? What are the preliminary results about its effectiveness?

Question 47

Summarize the five characteristics of successful treatment programs.

Question 48

Provide a brief history of juvenile justice, including the date of its origin in the United States.