Deck 29: Adrenocorticosteroids

Question 1

Glucocorticoids should be withdrawn slowly after several weeks or months of use,because the ______ needs time to resume normal function when these drugs are discontinued.

A)liver
B)kidneys
C)adrenal gland
D)thyroid gland
E)pancreas

Answer 1

adrenal gland

Question 2

In general,steroids alter protein synthesis in responsive cells through a direct effect on the cell's:

A)ribosomes.
B)nucleus.
C)golgi apparatus.
D)mitochondria.
E)lysosomes.

Answer 2

nucleus.

Question 3

Glucocorticoids are released from the adrenal cortex:

A)on a daily basis,usually around 8:00 a.m.in most humans.
B)in response to stressful stimuli (trauma,fever,and so forth).
C)in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)from the anterior pituitary.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

From a physical therapy perspective,the most important adverse effect seen in patients taking systemic glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory steroid)drugs is:

A)hypertension.
B)aggravation of diabetes mellitus.
C)aggravation of stomach ulcers.
D)increased chance of infection.
E)tissue catabolism (breakdown).

Question 5

Prolonged,systemic administration of glucocorticoids can produce:

A)osteoporosis.
B)muscle wasting.
C)hypertension.
D)suppression of the adrenal gland.
E)all of the above

Question 6

Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone act on the kidneys to:

A)increase sodium excretion.
B)increase water excretion.
C)increase potassium reabsorption.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 7

Drugs with mineralocorticoidlike activity (aldosterone agonists)are typically administered:

A)to treat hypertension.
B)to treat inflammation.
C)as replacement therapy in patients with low renin-angiotensin system activity.
D)as replacement therapy whenever the natural production of mineralocorticoids is impaired.
E)all of the above

Question 8

Cortisol and other glucocorticoids exert a paradoxical or contradictory effect on glucose metabolism because they _____ circulating levels of glucose at the same time that they ______ glycogen storage in the liver.

A)increase;increase
B)increase;decrease
C)decrease;decrease
D)decrease;increase
E)none of the above;glucocorticoids do not affect glucose metabolism

Question 9

Mineralocorticoid antagonists such as spironolactone (Aldactone)and eplerenone (Inspra)are used primarily:

A)as diuretics in treating hypertension and heart failure.
B)as anti-inflammatory agents in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
C)as immunosuppressants in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
D)as replacement therapy for people with adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease).
E)none of the above

Question 10

Glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effects by:

A)increasing the transcription of proteins that decrease inflammation.
B)decreasing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines,enzymes,and other inflammatory proteins.
C)decreasing vascular permeability and helping to control swelling and erythema at the site of inflammation.
D)all of the above
E)A and B

Question 11

In humans,the primary mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is _____,and the primary glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is _______.

A)progesterone;testosterone
B)testosterone;estrogen
C)estrogen;aldosterone
D)aldosterone;cortisol
E)cortisol;progesterone