Question 1

Bisphosphonates such as alendronate (Fosamax)and pamidronate (Aredia)reduce bone resorption in osteoporosis and similar conditions by:&#10;A)inhibiting osteoclast activity.&#10;B)increasing calcium absorption for the gastrointestinal tract.&#10;C)decreasing calcium excretion by the kidneys.&#10;D)providing a dietary source of calcium.&#10;E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Bisphosphonates such as alendronate (Fosamax) and pamidronate (Aredia) inhibit osteoclast activity, which reduces bone resorption in osteoporosis and similar conditions. Calcium absorption, excretion, and dietary sources are not directly affected by bisphosphonates.

Question 2

All of the following drug strategies can be used as part of a comprehensive plan to increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women EXCEPT:&#10;A)estrogen replacement.&#10;B)bisphosphonates.&#10;C)vitamin C.&#10;D)calcium supplements.&#10;E)calcitonin.

Accepted Answer

While vitamin C is important for overall health and can aid in bone health, it is not typically used as a standalone drug strategy for increasing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Choices A, B, D, and E are commonly used drug strategies for this purpose.

Question 3

Parathyroid hormone ______ plasma calcium levels by ______ calcium resorption from bone.&#10;A)increases;increasing&#10;B)increases;decreasing&#10;C)decreases;decreasing&#10;D)decreases;increasing&#10;E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases plasma calcium levels by increasing calcium resorption from bone.

Question 4

Prolonged,large dosages of parathyroid hormone ______ bone breakdown,and small,intermittent amounts of parathyroid hormone ______ bone synthesis and remodeling.&#10;A)decrease;decrease&#10;B)decrease;increase&#10;C)increase;decrease&#10;D)increase;increase&#10;E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Prolonged, large dosages of parathyroid hormone increase bone breakdown by stimulating osteoclast activity, while small, intermittent amounts increase bone synthesis and remodeling by stimulating osteoblast activity.

Question 5

Small amounts of _____ must be ingested in the diet so that the thyroid gland can synthesize thyroid hormones.&#10;A)riboflavin&#10;B)selenium&#10;C)iodine&#10;D)manganese&#10;E)magnesium

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland requires iodine in order to synthesize thyroid hormones. Small amounts of iodine must be ingested through the diet in order to meet the body's needs.

Question 6

All of the following symptoms are associated with hyperthyroidism EXCEPT:&#10;A)weight loss.&#10;B)bradycardia.&#10;C)insomnia.&#10;D)heat intolerance.&#10;E)muscle wasting.

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia is not associated with hyperthyroidism. In fact, tachycardia (fast heart rate) is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The other choices (weight loss, insomnia, heat intolerance, muscle wasting) are all associated with hyperthyroidism.

Question 7

Vitamin D and several related metabolites enhance bone formation by _____ intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate,and _____ renal excretion of calcium and phosphate.&#10;A)increasing;increasing&#10;B)increasing;decreasing&#10;C)decreasing;increasing&#10;D)decreasing;decreasing&#10;E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, but decreases renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. This leads to an overall increase in serum calcium and phosphate levels, which enhances bone formation.

Question 8

Treatment of hypothyroidism typically consists of:&#10;A)beta blockers.&#10;B)radioactive iodine.&#10;C)large doses of iodide.&#10;D)antithyroid agents such as propylthiouracil (Propyl-Thyracil)and methimazole (Tapazole).&#10;E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism is typically treated with levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, not with any of the options listed.

Deck 31: Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs: Agents Affecting Bone Mineralization