Question 1

Men and women athletes should be discouraged from taking male androgens (anabolic steroids)because:&#10;A)they may damage the liver.&#10;B)they may experience increased aggression.&#10;C)their blood pressure may increase.&#10;D)they may sustain damage to the myocardium.&#10;E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the given options are potential negative side effects of taking male androgens. Liver damage can occur due to the increased workload of breaking down the steroids, increased aggression is a widely reported behavioral side effect, high blood pressure can be caused by the steroids' effect on the body's water balance, and damage to the heart muscle (myocardium) can occur due to the increased workload on the heart. Therefore, men and women athletes should be discouraged from taking male androgens.

Question 2

The most common form of oral contraceptive,or birth control pill,typically contains:&#10;A)only estrogen.&#10;B)only progesterone.&#10;C)a fixed amount of estrogen and progesterone in the same pill.&#10;D)a pill containing estrogen for the first half of the menstrual cycle,followed by a pill containing progesterone for the second half of the cycle.&#10;E)an antiprogestin such as mifepristone (Mifeprex).

Accepted Answer

The most common form of oral contraceptive contains a fixed amount of estrogen and progesterone in the same pill. This is known as a combination pill and it works by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the lining of the uterus.

Question 3

In adult men,testosterone synthesis is stimulated by ______ hormone via a direct effect on _____ cells in the testes.&#10;A)follicle stimulating;Leydig&#10;B)follicle stimulating;Sertoli&#10;C)luteinizing;Leydig&#10;D)luteinizing;Sertoli&#10;E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Testosterone synthesis in adult men is primarily stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), which has a direct effect on Leydig cells in the testes. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) also plays a role in male fertility by promoting the maturation of sperm in the seminiferous tubules, but it does not stimulate testosterone synthesis. Sertoli cells, which are also found in the seminiferous tubules, provide support to developing sperm cells, but they do not produce testosterone.

Question 4

In certain older men,small doses of testosterone (testosterone replacement)may produce beneficial effects on body composition,strength,bone mineralization,mood,and libido,but may also cause an increased risk of:

A)anemia.
B)osteoporosis.
C)prostate hypertrophy and cancer.
D)skin breakdown.
E)hereditary angioedema.

Accepted Answer

Testosterone replacement therapy in older men may increase the risk of prostate hypertrophy and cancer. It is important to monitor prostate health when undergoing testosterone replacement therapy.

Question 5

At the onset of puberty,increased testosterone production from the testes typically produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:&#10;A)increased body mass.&#10;B)increased body hair.&#10;C)deeper voice.&#10;D)maturation of the external genitalia.&#10;E)inhibition of spermatogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Increased testosterone production from the testes at the onset of puberty typically leads to increased body mass, increased body hair, deeper voice, and maturation of the external genitalia. However, it does not inhibit spermatogenesis; instead, it stimulates it. Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Question 6

In postmenopausal women,estrogen replacement may provide beneficial effects on _____,but may also increase the risk of ____.&#10;A)the heart;osteoporosis&#10;B)bone;cardiovascular disease&#10;C)the kidneys;severe hypotension&#10;D)the liver;Alzheimer disease&#10;E)gastrointestinal function;fibromyalgia

Accepted Answer

Estrogen replacement has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone health in postmenopausal women, but it also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The other options are not supported by current research.

Question 7

Traditional hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills exert their effects by:&#10;A)inhibiting ovulation.&#10;B)impairing the normal development of the uterine endometrium.&#10;C)increasing the thickness and viscosity of the mucous secretions in the uterine cervix,thus impeding the passage of sperm through the cervical region.&#10;D)all of the above&#10;E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Traditional hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills work by inhibiting ovulation, impairing the normal development of the uterine endometrium, and increasing the thickness and viscosity of the mucous secretions in the uterine cervix, thus impeding the passage of sperm through the cervical region. Therefore, option D, "all of the above," is the correct choice.

Question 8

The first half of the menstrual cycle is controlled by ______ that is released from the _____.&#10;A)estrogen;corpus luteum&#10;B)progesterone;corpus luteum&#10;C)estrogen;developing follicle&#10;D)progesterone;developing follicle&#10;E)estrogen;pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The first half of the menstrual cycle is the follicular phase, which is controlled by estrogen that is released by the developing follicle. The corpus luteum and progesterone are not involved in the first half of the menstrual cycle. The pituitary gland does release hormones that control the menstrual cycle, but estrogen is not released from the pituitary gland.

Question 9

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)such as tamoxifen (Nolvadex)and raloxifene (Evista)may offer advantages in certain women because these drugs stimulate estrogen receptors on ______ while acting as estrogen antagonists (blockers)on _______.

A)bone and vascular tissues;breast and uterine tissues
B)breast and uterine tissues;skin tissues
C)skin tissues;breast and uterine tissues
D)breast and uterine tissues,bone and vascular tissues
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

SERMs such as tamoxifen and raloxifene stimulate estrogen receptors on bone and vascular tissues, which can help prevent osteoporosis and reduce the risk of heart disease. At the same time, they act as estrogen antagonists (blockers) on breast and uterine tissues, which can reduce the risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer.

Question 10

Physiologic doses of testosterone can be used therapeutically to treat all of the following conditions EXCEPT:&#10;A)delayed puberty in boys.&#10;B)hereditary angioedema.&#10;C)anemia.&#10;D)prostate cancer.&#10;E)conditions in which there is substantial muscle catabolism and protein loss.

Accepted Answer

Physiologic doses of testosterone should not be used to treat prostate cancer as high levels of testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells.

Deck 30: Male and Female Hormones